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Ella Barnwell
Ella Barnwell

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of Ella Barnwell is here in full — 121 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/24 · 5 lines
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THE INDIANS AND THEIR PRISONERS.
As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.
They are now mostly under culture, and almost entirely devoted to the production of maize, which, in the autumn of the year, presents the goodly sight of a golden harvest.
At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.
On these Bottoms, about ten miles above the mouth of the Miami, Wild-cat and his party, with their prisoners, encamped on the evening the attack was made upon the renegade, as shown in the preceding chapter.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Ella Barnwell

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of Ella Barnwell is here in full — 121 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/24 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE INDIANS AND THEIR PRISONERS.
/ðə ˈɪndiənz ənd ðer ˈprɪzənərz/
Line 2
As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.
/æz juː əˈsend ðə maɪˈæmi frʌm ɪts maʊθ æt ðə ˈprezənt deɪ juː kʌm ˈɔːlmoʊst ˌɪˈmiːdiːətli əˈpɑːn wʌt ɑːr tɜːrmd ðə ˈbɑːtəmz ɔːr ˈbɑːtəm lændz wɪtʃ ɑːr rɪtʃ ənd ˈfɜːrtəl trækts ʌv ˈkʌntri ʌv maɪlz ɪn ɪkˈstent ənd səmˈtaɪmz maɪlz ɪn bredθ ˈɔːlmoʊst ˈwɔːtər ˈlevəl wɪð ðə striːm ɪn ˈkwestʃən ˈsloʊli ˈwaɪndɪŋ ɪts kɔːrs θruː ðem laɪk ə diːp bluː ˈrɪbən ˈkerləsli ˌʌnˈroʊld əˈpɑːn ə dɑːrk ˈsɜːrfəs/
Line 3
They are now mostly under culture, and almost entirely devoted to the production of maize, which, in the autumn of the year, presents the goodly sight of a golden harvest.
/ðeɪ ɑːr naʊ ˈmoʊstli ˈʌndər ˈkʌltʃər ənd ˈɔːlmoʊst ɪnˈtaɪərli dɪˈvoʊtɪd tuː ðə prəˈdʌkʃən ʌv meɪz wɪtʃ ɪn ðə ˈɔːtəm ʌv ðə jɪr ˈprezənts ðə ˈɡʊdli saɪt ʌv ə ˈɡoʊldən ˈhɑːrvəst/
Line 4
At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.
/æt ðə taɪm ʌv wɪtʃ wiː raɪt ðer wɜːr noʊ sʌtʃ ˈplezənt ˌdemənˈstreɪʃənz ʌv ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən bʌt ə væst ənˈbroʊkən ˈfɔːrəst ˌɪnˈsted sʌm ˈvestɪdʒɪz ʌv wɪtʃ stɪl rɪˈmeɪn ɪn ðə ʃeɪp ʌv oʊld dɪˈkeɪɪŋ triːz ˈstændɪŋ ɡrɪm ənd ˈneɪkəd tuː ˈsʌmərz hiːt ənd ˈwɪntərz blæst laɪk ðə ˈruːənz ʌv ˈeɪn.ʃənt ˈstrʌktʃərz tuː riˈmaɪnd ðə biˈhoʊldər ʌv ˈfɔːrmər deɪz/
Line 5
On these Bottoms, about ten miles above the mouth of the Miami, Wild-cat and his party, with their prisoners, encamped on the evening the attack was made upon the renegade, as shown in the preceding chapter.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

beholder noun US /biˈhoʊldər/

a person who becomes aware (of things or events) through the senses

From this reading “At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.”

Bottoms noun US /ˈbɑːtəmz/

plural of “bottom” — the lower side of anything

From this reading “As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.”

decaying verb US /dɪˈkeɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “decay” — lose a stored charge, magnetic flux, or current

From this reading “At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.”

maize noun US /meɪz/

tall annual cereal grass bearing kernels on large ears: widely cultivated in America in many varieties; the principal cereal in Mexico and Central and South America since pre-Columbian times

From this reading “They are now mostly under culture, and almost entirely devoted to the production of maize, which, in the autumn of the year, presents the goodly sight of a golden harvest.”

Miami noun US /maɪˈæmi/

a member of the extinct Algonquian people formerly living in northern Indiana and southern Michigan

From this reading “As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.”

structures noun US /ˈstrʌktʃərz/

plural of “structure” — a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts

From this reading “At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.”

unrolled verb US /ˌʌnˈroʊld/

past form of “unroll” — reverse the winding or twisting of

From this reading “As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.”

vestiges noun US /ˈvestɪdʒɪz/

plural of “vestige” — an indication that something has been present

From this reading “At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.”

All words in this reading · 127

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading On these Bottoms, about ten miles above the mouth of the Miami, Wild-cat and his party, with their prisoners, encamped on the evening the attack was made upon the renegade, as shown in the preceding chapter.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading On these Bottoms, about ten miles above the mouth of the Miami, Wild-cat and his party, with their prisoners, encamped on the evening the attack was made upon the renegade, as shown in the preceding chapter.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE INDIANS AND THEIR PRISONERS.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

ascendverbUS /əˈsend/

travel up

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

attacknounUS /əˈtæk/

(military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons)

From this reading On these Bottoms, about ten miles above the mouth of the Miami, Wild-cat and his party, with their prisoners, encamped on the evening the attack was made upon the renegade, as shown in the preceding chapter.

autumnnounUS /ˈɔːtəm/

the season when the leaves fall from the trees

From this reading They are now mostly under culture, and almost entirely devoted to the production of maize, which, in the autumn of the year, presents the goodly sight of a golden harvest.

beholdernounUS /biˈhoʊldər/

a person who becomes aware (of things or events) through the senses

From this reading At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.

blastverbUS /blæst/

make a strident sound

From this reading At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.

blueadjectiveUS /bluː/

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

BottomnounUS /ˈbɑːtəm/

the lower side of anything

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

BottomsnounUS /ˈbɑːtəmz/

plural of “bottom” — the lower side of anything

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

breadthnounUS /bredθ/

the capacity to understand a broad range of topics

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.

carelesslyadverbUS /ˈkerləsli/

without care or concern

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

chapternounUS /ˈtʃæptər/

a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading On these Bottoms, about ten miles above the mouth of the Miami, Wild-cat and his party, with their prisoners, encamped on the evening the attack was made upon the renegade, as shown in the preceding chapter.

civilizationnounUS /ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

a society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations)

From this reading At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

culturenounUS /ˈkʌltʃər/

a particular society at a particular time and place

From this reading They are now mostly under culture, and almost entirely devoted to the production of maize, which, in the autumn of the year, presents the goodly sight of a golden harvest.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.

decayingverbUS /dɪˈkeɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “decay” — lose a stored charge, magnetic flux, or current

From this reading At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

demonstrationsnounUS /ˌdemənˈstreɪʃənz/

plural of “demonstration” — a show or display; the act of presenting something to sight or view

From this reading At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.

devotedadjectiveUS /dɪˈvoʊtɪd/

zealous in devotion or affection

From this reading They are now mostly under culture, and almost entirely devoted to the production of maize, which, in the autumn of the year, presents the goodly sight of a golden harvest.

encampedverbUS /ɪnˈkæmpt/

past form of “encamp” — live in or as if in a tent

From this reading On these Bottoms, about ten miles above the mouth of the Miami, Wild-cat and his party, with their prisoners, encamped on the evening the attack was made upon the renegade, as shown in the preceding chapter.

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading They are now mostly under culture, and almost entirely devoted to the production of maize, which, in the autumn of the year, presents the goodly sight of a golden harvest.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading On these Bottoms, about ten miles above the mouth of the Miami, Wild-cat and his party, with their prisoners, encamped on the evening the attack was made upon the renegade, as shown in the preceding chapter.

extentnounUS /ɪkˈstent/

the point or degree to which something extends

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

fertileadjectiveUS /ˈfɜːrtəl/

capable of reproducing

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

forestnounUS /ˈfɔːrəst/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.

formeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

goldenadjectiveUS /ˈɡoʊldən/

having the deep slightly brownish color of gold

From this reading They are now mostly under culture, and almost entirely devoted to the production of maize, which, in the autumn of the year, presents the goodly sight of a golden harvest.

goodlyadjectiveUS /ˈɡʊdli/

large in amount or extent or degree

From this reading They are now mostly under culture, and almost entirely devoted to the production of maize, which, in the autumn of the year, presents the goodly sight of a golden harvest.

grimadjectiveUS /ɡrɪm/

not to be placated or appeased or moved by entreaty

From this reading At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.

harvestnounUS /ˈhɑːrvəst/

the yield from plants in a single growing season

From this reading They are now mostly under culture, and almost entirely devoted to the production of maize, which, in the autumn of the year, presents the goodly sight of a golden harvest.

heatnounUS /hiːt/

a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature

From this reading At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading On these Bottoms, about ten miles above the mouth of the Miami, Wild-cat and his party, with their prisoners, encamped on the evening the attack was made upon the renegade, as shown in the preceding chapter.

immediatelyadverbUS /ˌɪˈmiːdiːətli/

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

INDIANSnounUS /ˈɪndiənz/

plural of “indian” — a native or inhabitant of India

From this reading THE INDIANS AND THEIR PRISONERS.

insteadadverbUS /ˌɪnˈsted/

in place of, or as an alternative to

From this reading At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

LandsnounUS /lændz/

plural of “land” — the land on which real estate is located

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

levelnounUS /ˈlevəl/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading On these Bottoms, about ten miles above the mouth of the Miami, Wild-cat and his party, with their prisoners, encamped on the evening the attack was made upon the renegade, as shown in the preceding chapter.

maizenounUS /meɪz/

tall annual cereal grass bearing kernels on large ears: widely cultivated in America in many varieties; the principal cereal in Mexico and Central and South America since pre-Columbian times

From this reading They are now mostly under culture, and almost entirely devoted to the production of maize, which, in the autumn of the year, presents the goodly sight of a golden harvest.

MiaminounUS /maɪˈæmi/

a member of the extinct Algonquian people formerly living in northern Indiana and southern Michigan

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

mostlyadverbUS /ˈmoʊstli/

in large part; mainly or chiefly

From this reading They are now mostly under culture, and almost entirely devoted to the production of maize, which, in the autumn of the year, presents the goodly sight of a golden harvest.

mouthnounUS /maʊθ/

the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

nakedadjectiveUS /ˈneɪkəd/

completely unclothed

From this reading At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading They are now mostly under culture, and almost entirely devoted to the production of maize, which, in the autumn of the year, presents the goodly sight of a golden harvest.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On these Bottoms, about ten miles above the mouth of the Miami, Wild-cat and his party, with their prisoners, encamped on the evening the attack was made upon the renegade, as shown in the preceding chapter.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

partynounUS /ˈpɑːrti/

an organization to gain political power

From this reading On these Bottoms, about ten miles above the mouth of the Miami, Wild-cat and his party, with their prisoners, encamped on the evening the attack was made upon the renegade, as shown in the preceding chapter.

pleasantadjectiveUS /ˈplezənt/

affording pleasure; being in harmony with your taste or likings

From this reading At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.

precedingadjectiveUS /priˈsiːdɪŋ/

existing or coming before

From this reading On these Bottoms, about ten miles above the mouth of the Miami, Wild-cat and his party, with their prisoners, encamped on the evening the attack was made upon the renegade, as shown in the preceding chapter.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

presentsnounUS /ˈprezənts/

plural of “present” — the period of time that is happening now; any continuous stretch of time including the moment of speech

From this reading They are now mostly under culture, and almost entirely devoted to the production of maize, which, in the autumn of the year, presents the goodly sight of a golden harvest.

PRISONERSnounUS /ˈprɪzənərz/

plural of “prisoner” — a person who is confined; especially a prisoner of war

From this reading THE INDIANS AND THEIR PRISONERS.

productionnounUS /prəˈdʌkʃən/

the act or process of producing something

From this reading They are now mostly under culture, and almost entirely devoted to the production of maize, which, in the autumn of the year, presents the goodly sight of a golden harvest.

questionverbUS /ˈkwestʃən/

challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

remainverbUS /rɪˈmeɪn/

stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.

remindverbUS /riˈmaɪnd/

put in the mind of someone

From this reading At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.

renegadenounUS /ˈrenəɡeɪd/

someone who rebels and becomes an outlaw

From this reading On these Bottoms, about ten miles above the mouth of the Miami, Wild-cat and his party, with their prisoners, encamped on the evening the attack was made upon the renegade, as shown in the preceding chapter.

ribbonnounUS /ˈrɪbən/

any long object resembling a thin line

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

ruinsnounUS /ˈruːənz/

plural of “ruin” — an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction

From this reading At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.

shapenounUS /ʃeɪp/

any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline)

From this reading At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.

shownverbUS /ʃoʊn/

inflected form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading On these Bottoms, about ten miles above the mouth of the Miami, Wild-cat and his party, with their prisoners, encamped on the evening the attack was made upon the renegade, as shown in the preceding chapter.

sightnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading They are now mostly under culture, and almost entirely devoted to the production of maize, which, in the autumn of the year, presents the goodly sight of a golden harvest.

slowlyadverbUS /ˈsloʊli/

without speed (“slow” is sometimes used informally for “slowly”)

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.

sometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

standingadjectiveUS /ˈstændɪŋ/

having a supporting base

From this reading At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.

streamnounUS /striːm/

a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

structuresnounUS /ˈstrʌktʃərz/

plural of “structure” — a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts

From this reading At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.

summer'snounUS /ˈsʌmərz/

possessive form of “summer” — the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.

surfacenounUS /ˈsɜːrfəs/

the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling such a boundary

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

tennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading On these Bottoms, about ten miles above the mouth of the Miami, Wild-cat and his party, with their prisoners, encamped on the evening the attack was made upon the renegade, as shown in the preceding chapter.

termedverbUS /tɜːrmd/

past form of “term” — name formally or designate with a term

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE INDIANS AND THEIR PRISONERS.

THEIRdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading THE INDIANS AND THEIR PRISONERS.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading On these Bottoms, about ten miles above the mouth of the Miami, Wild-cat and his party, with their prisoners, encamped on the evening the attack was made upon the renegade, as shown in the preceding chapter.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They are now mostly under culture, and almost entirely devoted to the production of maize, which, in the autumn of the year, presents the goodly sight of a golden harvest.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading They are now mostly under culture, and almost entirely devoted to the production of maize, which, in the autumn of the year, presents the goodly sight of a golden harvest.

tractsnounUS /trækts/

plural of “tract” — an extended area of land

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.

unbrokenadjectiveUS /ənˈbroʊkən/

marked by continuous or uninterrupted extension in space or time or sequence

From this reading At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading They are now mostly under culture, and almost entirely devoted to the production of maize, which, in the autumn of the year, presents the goodly sight of a golden harvest.

unrolledverbUS /ˌʌnˈroʊld/

past form of “unroll” — reverse the winding or twisting of

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

vastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.

vestigesnounUS /ˈvestɪdʒɪz/

plural of “vestige” — an indication that something has been present

From this reading At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading On these Bottoms, about ten miles above the mouth of the Miami, Wild-cat and his party, with their prisoners, encamped on the evening the attack was made upon the renegade, as shown in the preceding chapter.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

Wild-cat

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On these Bottoms, about ten miles above the mouth of the Miami, Wild-cat and his party, with their prisoners, encamped on the evening the attack was made upon the renegade, as shown in the preceding chapter.

windingadjectiveUS /ˈwaɪndɪŋ/

marked by repeated turns and bends

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

winter'snounUS /ˈwɪntərz/

possessive form of “winter” — the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

writeverbUS /raɪt/

produce a literary work

From this reading At the time of which we write, there were no such pleasant demonstrations of civilization, but a vast unbroken forest instead, some vestiges of which still remain, in the shape of old decaying trees, standing grim and naked, "To summer's heat and winter's blast," like the ruins of ancient structures, to remind the beholder of former days.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading They are now mostly under culture, and almost entirely devoted to the production of maize, which, in the autumn of the year, presents the goodly sight of a golden harvest.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading As you ascend the Miami from its mouth at the present day, you come almost immediately upon what are termed the Bottoms, or Bottom Lands, which are rich and fertile tracts of country, of miles in extent, and sometimes miles in breadth, almost water level, with the stream in question slowly winding its course through them, like a deep blue ribbon carelessly unrolled upon a dark surface.

Chapter 12 of Ella Barnwell by Emerson Bennett holds 121 sentences, grouped into 25 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of Ella Barnwell contain?

Chapter 12 holds 121 sentences of Ella Barnwell, unabridged, divided into 25 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of Ella Barnwell by Emerson Bennett exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 121 sentences, grouped into 25 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of Ella Barnwell?

Work through the 25 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 25 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Ella Barnwell

Common questions about reading Ella Barnwell by Emerson Bennett on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Ella Barnwell?

Yes. All 2551 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #15424 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Ella Barnwell is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #15424, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Ella Barnwell take to read?

About 212 minutes of reading across 511 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Ella Barnwell section by section

How to work through Ella Barnwell section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 20 chapters of Ella Barnwell to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Ella Barnwell

Words and structures a reader meets early in Ella Barnwell, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Stranger
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ella Barnwell; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Portion
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ella Barnwell; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Territory
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ella Barnwell; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Known
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ella Barnwell; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.