Chapter 12 of Ellis's Primary Physiology is here in full — 44 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.
Chapter XII
Chapter 12 of Ellis's Primary Physiology is here in full — 44 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
THE MUSCLES. You are provided by nature with about four hundred muscles. Every one has its special use. They are fastened to the bones, which can only be moved by them. The principal muscles are shown in the figure on page 45.
Chapter 12 of Ellis's Primary Physiology is here in full — 44 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
Reading 1/8 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5
These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.
Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.
(used in the plural) a percussion instrument consisting of a pair of hollow pieces of wood or bone (usually held between the thumb and fingers) that are made to click together (as by Spanish dancers) in rhythm with the dance
From this reading “They are fastened to the bones, which can only be moved by them.”
firmly closed or secured
From this reading “They are fastened to the bones, which can only be moved by them.”
plural of “muscle” — one of the contractile organs of the body
From this reading “THE MUSCLES.”
one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains
From this reading “The principal muscles are shown in the figure on page 45.”
the original amount of a debt on which interest is calculated
From this reading “The principal muscles are shown in the figure on page 45.”
past form of “provide” — give something useful or necessary to
From this reading “You are provided by nature with about four hundred muscles.”
inflected form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience
From this reading “The principal muscles are shown in the figure on page 45.”
unique or specific to a person or thing or category
From this reading “Every one has its special use.”
English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.
Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.
the exclusive social set of a city
In this reading “You are provided by nature with about four hundred muscles.”
In this reading “You are provided by nature with about four hundred muscles.”
through inherent nature
In this reading “You are provided by nature with about four hundred muscles.”
Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.
Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The principal muscles are shown in the figure on page 45.
on the subject of; concerning
From this reading You are provided by nature with about four hundred muscles.
the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun
From this reading You are provided by nature with about four hundred muscles.
used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses
From this reading They are fastened to the bones, which can only be moved by them.
(used in the plural) a percussion instrument consisting of a pair of hollow pieces of wood or bone (usually held between the thumb and fingers) that are made to click together (as by Spanish dancers) in rhythm with the dance
From this reading They are fastened to the bones, which can only be moved by them.
showing who or what does the action
From this reading You are provided by nature with about four hundred muscles.
to be able to, or to be allowed to
From this reading They are fastened to the bones, which can only be moved by them.
all the members of a group, with none left out
From this reading Every one has its special use.
firmly closed or secured
From this reading They are fastened to the bones, which can only be moved by them.
a diagram or picture illustrating textual material
From this reading The principal muscles are shown in the figure on page 45.
the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one
From this reading You are provided by nature with about four hundred muscles.
the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading Every one has its special use.
ten 10s
From this reading You are provided by nature with about four hundred muscles.
inside something, or within a place, period, or state
From this reading The principal muscles are shown in the figure on page 45.
belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned
From this reading Every one has its special use.
being excited or provoked to the expression of an emotion
From this reading They are fastened to the bones, which can only be moved by them.
plural of “muscle” — one of the contractile organs of the body
From this reading THE MUSCLES.
the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized
From this reading You are provided by nature with about four hundred muscles.
touching and supported by a surface
From this reading The principal muscles are shown in the figure on page 45.
used to mean any person in general, including the speaker
From this reading Every one has its special use.
and nothing more
From this reading They are fastened to the bones, which can only be moved by them.
one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains
From this reading The principal muscles are shown in the figure on page 45.
the original amount of a debt on which interest is calculated
From this reading The principal muscles are shown in the figure on page 45.
past form of “provide” — give something useful or necessary to
From this reading You are provided by nature with about four hundred muscles.
inflected form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience
From this reading The principal muscles are shown in the figure on page 45.
unique or specific to a person or thing or category
From this reading Every one has its special use.
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading THE MUSCLES.
the people or things already mentioned, as the object
From this reading They are fastened to the bones, which can only be moved by them.
the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject
From this reading They are fastened to the bones, which can only be moved by them.
used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive
From this reading They are fastened to the bones, which can only be moved by them.
the act of using
From this reading Every one has its special use.
used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned
From this reading They are fastened to the bones, which can only be moved by them.
in the company of; together with
From this reading You are provided by nature with about four hundred muscles.
the person or people being spoken to
From this reading You are provided by nature with about four hundred muscles.
Chapter 12 of Ellis's Primary Physiology by Edward Sylvester Ellis holds 44 sentences, grouped into 9 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.
Chapter 12 holds 44 sentences of Ellis's Primary Physiology, unabridged, divided into 9 reading sections.
This page carries chapter 12 of Ellis's Primary Physiology by Edward Sylvester Ellis exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 44 sentences, grouped into 9 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.
Work through the 9 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.
Each of the 9 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.
Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.
Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.
Common questions about reading Ellis's Primary Physiology by Edward Sylvester Ellis on this page, its source edition and its audio.
Yes. All 981 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #52775 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.
Project Gutenberg eBook #52775, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.
About 81 minutes of reading across 197 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.
How to work through Ellis's Primary Physiology section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.
Choose one of the 21 chapters of Ellis's Primary Physiology to begin.
Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.
Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.
Words and structures a reader meets early in Ellis's Primary Physiology, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.
