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Elsie Venner
Elsie Venner

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Elsie Venner is here in full — 212 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/42 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The morning rose clear and bright.
The long storm was over, and the calm autumnal sunshine was now to return, with all its infinite repose and sweetness.
With the earliest dawn exploring parties were out in every direction along the southern slope of The Mountain, tracing the ravages of the great slide and the track it had followed.
It proved to be not so much a slide as the breaking off and falling of a vast line of cliff, including the dreaded Ledge.
It had folded over like the leaves of a half-opened book when they close, crushing the trees below, piling its ruins in a glacis at the foot of what had been the overhanging wall of the cliff, and filling up that deep cavity above the mansion-house which bore the ill-omened name of Dead Man's Hollow.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Elsie Venner

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Elsie Venner is here in full — 212 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/42 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The morning rose clear and bright.
/ðə ˈmɔːrnɪŋ roʊz klɪr ənd braɪt/
Line 2
The long storm was over, and the calm autumnal sunshine was now to return, with all its infinite repose and sweetness.
/ðə lɔːŋ stɔːrm wɑːz ˈoʊvər ənd ðə kɑːm ɔːˈtʌmnəl ˈsʌnʃaɪn wɑːz naʊ tuː rɪˈtɜːrn wɪð ɔːl ɪts ˈɪnfənət riˈpoʊz ənd ˈswiːtnəs/
Line 3
With the earliest dawn exploring parties were out in every direction along the southern slope of The Mountain, tracing the ravages of the great slide and the track it had followed.
/wɪð ðə ˈɜːrliəst dɔːn ɪkˈsplɔːrɪŋ ˈpɑːrtiz wɜːr aʊt ɪn ˈevəri dərˈekʃən əˈlɔːŋ ðə ˈsʌðərn sloʊp ʌv ðə ˈmaʊntən ˈtreɪsɪŋ ðə ˈrævɪdʒɪz ʌv ðə ɡreɪt slaɪd ənd ðə træk ɪt hæd ˈfɑːloʊd/
Line 4
It proved to be not so much a slide as the breaking off and falling of a vast line of cliff, including the dreaded Ledge.
/ɪt pruːvd tuː biː nɑːt soʊ mʌtʃ ə slaɪd æz ðə ˈbreɪkɪŋ ɔːf ənd ˈfɑːlɪŋ ʌv ə væst laɪn ʌv klɪf ˌɪnˈkluːdɪŋ ðə ˈdredɪd ledʒ/
Line 5
It had folded over like the leaves of a half-opened book when they close, crushing the trees below, piling its ruins in a glacis at the foot of what had been the overhanging wall of the cliff, and filling up that deep cavity above the mansion-house which bore the ill-omened name of Dead Man's Hollow.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

autumnal adjective US /ɔːˈtʌmnəl/

of or characteristic of or occurring in autumn

From this reading “The long storm was over, and the calm autumnal sunshine was now to return, with all its infinite repose and sweetness.”

cavity noun US /ˈkævəti/

a sizeable hole (usually in the ground)

From this reading “It had folded over like the leaves of a half-opened book when they close, crushing the trees below, piling its ruins in a glacis at the foot of what had been the overhanging wall of the cliff, and filling up that deep cavity above the mansion-house which bore the ill-omened name of Dead Man's Hollow.”

exploring verb US /ɪkˈsplɔːrɪŋ/

-ing form of “explore” — inquire into

From this reading “With the earliest dawn exploring parties were out in every direction along the southern slope of The Mountain, tracing the ravages of the great slide and the track it had followed.”

overhanging verb US /ˈoʊvərhæŋɪŋ/

-ing form of “overhang” — project over

From this reading “It had folded over like the leaves of a half-opened book when they close, crushing the trees below, piling its ruins in a glacis at the foot of what had been the overhanging wall of the cliff, and filling up that deep cavity above the mansion-house which bore the ill-omened name of Dead Man's Hollow.”

piling noun US /ˈpaɪlɪŋ/

a column of wood or steel or concrete that is driven into the ground to provide support for a structure

From this reading “It had folded over like the leaves of a half-opened book when they close, crushing the trees below, piling its ruins in a glacis at the foot of what had been the overhanging wall of the cliff, and filling up that deep cavity above the mansion-house which bore the ill-omened name of Dead Man's Hollow.”

ravages noun US /ˈrævɪdʒɪz/

plural of “ravage” — (usually plural) a destructive action

From this reading “With the earliest dawn exploring parties were out in every direction along the southern slope of The Mountain, tracing the ravages of the great slide and the track it had followed.”

slide noun US /slaɪd/

a small flat rectangular piece of glass on which specimens can be mounted for microscopic study

From this reading “With the earliest dawn exploring parties were out in every direction along the southern slope of The Mountain, tracing the ravages of the great slide and the track it had followed.”

tracing noun US /ˈtreɪsɪŋ/

the act of drawing a plan or diagram or outline

From this reading “With the earliest dawn exploring parties were out in every direction along the southern slope of The Mountain, tracing the ravages of the great slide and the track it had followed.”

All words in this reading · 94

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It proved to be not so much a slide as the breaking off and falling of a vast line of cliff, including the dreaded Ledge.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading It had folded over like the leaves of a half-opened book when they close, crushing the trees below, piling its ruins in a glacis at the foot of what had been the overhanging wall of the cliff, and filling up that deep cavity above the mansion-house which bore the ill-omened name of Dead Man's Hollow.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The long storm was over, and the calm autumnal sunshine was now to return, with all its infinite repose and sweetness.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading With the earliest dawn exploring parties were out in every direction along the southern slope of The Mountain, tracing the ravages of the great slide and the track it had followed.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The morning rose clear and bright.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It proved to be not so much a slide as the breaking off and falling of a vast line of cliff, including the dreaded Ledge.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It had folded over like the leaves of a half-opened book when they close, crushing the trees below, piling its ruins in a glacis at the foot of what had been the overhanging wall of the cliff, and filling up that deep cavity above the mansion-house which bore the ill-omened name of Dead Man's Hollow.

autumnaladjectiveUS /ɔːˈtʌmnəl/

of or characteristic of or occurring in autumn

From this reading The long storm was over, and the calm autumnal sunshine was now to return, with all its infinite repose and sweetness.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It proved to be not so much a slide as the breaking off and falling of a vast line of cliff, including the dreaded Ledge.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It had folded over like the leaves of a half-opened book when they close, crushing the trees below, piling its ruins in a glacis at the foot of what had been the overhanging wall of the cliff, and filling up that deep cavity above the mansion-house which bore the ill-omened name of Dead Man's Hollow.

belowprepositionUS /bɪˈloʊ/

at or to a lower level than something

From this reading It had folded over like the leaves of a half-opened book when they close, crushing the trees below, piling its ruins in a glacis at the foot of what had been the overhanging wall of the cliff, and filling up that deep cavity above the mansion-house which bore the ill-omened name of Dead Man's Hollow.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading It had folded over like the leaves of a half-opened book when they close, crushing the trees below, piling its ruins in a glacis at the foot of what had been the overhanging wall of the cliff, and filling up that deep cavity above the mansion-house which bore the ill-omened name of Dead Man's Hollow.

boreverbUS /bɔːr/

cause to be bored

From this reading It had folded over like the leaves of a half-opened book when they close, crushing the trees below, piling its ruins in a glacis at the foot of what had been the overhanging wall of the cliff, and filling up that deep cavity above the mansion-house which bore the ill-omened name of Dead Man's Hollow.

breakingnounUS /ˈbreɪkɪŋ/

the act of breaking something

From this reading It proved to be not so much a slide as the breaking off and falling of a vast line of cliff, including the dreaded Ledge.

brightadjectiveUS /braɪt/

emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts

From this reading The morning rose clear and bright.

calmverbUS /kɑːm/

make calm or still

From this reading The long storm was over, and the calm autumnal sunshine was now to return, with all its infinite repose and sweetness.

cavitynounUS /ˈkævəti/

a sizeable hole (usually in the ground)

From this reading It had folded over like the leaves of a half-opened book when they close, crushing the trees below, piling its ruins in a glacis at the foot of what had been the overhanging wall of the cliff, and filling up that deep cavity above the mansion-house which bore the ill-omened name of Dead Man's Hollow.

clearverbUS /klɪr/

rid of obstructions

From this reading The morning rose clear and bright.

cliffnounUS /klɪf/

a steep high face of rock

From this reading It proved to be not so much a slide as the breaking off and falling of a vast line of cliff, including the dreaded Ledge.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading It had folded over like the leaves of a half-opened book when they close, crushing the trees below, piling its ruins in a glacis at the foot of what had been the overhanging wall of the cliff, and filling up that deep cavity above the mansion-house which bore the ill-omened name of Dead Man's Hollow.

crushingadjectiveUS /ˈkrʌʃɪŋ/

physically or spiritually devastating; often used in combination

From this reading It had folded over like the leaves of a half-opened book when they close, crushing the trees below, piling its ruins in a glacis at the foot of what had been the overhanging wall of the cliff, and filling up that deep cavity above the mansion-house which bore the ill-omened name of Dead Man's Hollow.

dawnnounUS /dɔːn/

the first light of day

From this reading With the earliest dawn exploring parties were out in every direction along the southern slope of The Mountain, tracing the ravages of the great slide and the track it had followed.

DeadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading It had folded over like the leaves of a half-opened book when they close, crushing the trees below, piling its ruins in a glacis at the foot of what had been the overhanging wall of the cliff, and filling up that deep cavity above the mansion-house which bore the ill-omened name of Dead Man's Hollow.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading It had folded over like the leaves of a half-opened book when they close, crushing the trees below, piling its ruins in a glacis at the foot of what had been the overhanging wall of the cliff, and filling up that deep cavity above the mansion-house which bore the ill-omened name of Dead Man's Hollow.

directionnounUS /dərˈekʃən/

a line leading to a place or point

From this reading With the earliest dawn exploring parties were out in every direction along the southern slope of The Mountain, tracing the ravages of the great slide and the track it had followed.

dreadedadjectiveUS /ˈdredɪd/

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading It proved to be not so much a slide as the breaking off and falling of a vast line of cliff, including the dreaded Ledge.

earliestadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrliəst/

(comparative and superlative of “early”) more early than; most early

From this reading With the earliest dawn exploring parties were out in every direction along the southern slope of The Mountain, tracing the ravages of the great slide and the track it had followed.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading With the earliest dawn exploring parties were out in every direction along the southern slope of The Mountain, tracing the ravages of the great slide and the track it had followed.

exploringverbUS /ɪkˈsplɔːrɪŋ/

-ing form of “explore” — inquire into

From this reading With the earliest dawn exploring parties were out in every direction along the southern slope of The Mountain, tracing the ravages of the great slide and the track it had followed.

fallingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlɪŋ/

decreasing in amount or degree

From this reading It proved to be not so much a slide as the breaking off and falling of a vast line of cliff, including the dreaded Ledge.

fillingnounUS /ˈfɪlɪŋ/

any material that fills a space or container

From this reading It had folded over like the leaves of a half-opened book when they close, crushing the trees below, piling its ruins in a glacis at the foot of what had been the overhanging wall of the cliff, and filling up that deep cavity above the mansion-house which bore the ill-omened name of Dead Man's Hollow.

foldedverbUS /ˈfoʊldəd/

past form of “fold” — bend or lay so that one part covers the other

From this reading It had folded over like the leaves of a half-opened book when they close, crushing the trees below, piling its ruins in a glacis at the foot of what had been the overhanging wall of the cliff, and filling up that deep cavity above the mansion-house which bore the ill-omened name of Dead Man's Hollow.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading With the earliest dawn exploring parties were out in every direction along the southern slope of The Mountain, tracing the ravages of the great slide and the track it had followed.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading It had folded over like the leaves of a half-opened book when they close, crushing the trees below, piling its ruins in a glacis at the foot of what had been the overhanging wall of the cliff, and filling up that deep cavity above the mansion-house which bore the ill-omened name of Dead Man's Hollow.

glacis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It had folded over like the leaves of a half-opened book when they close, crushing the trees below, piling its ruins in a glacis at the foot of what had been the overhanging wall of the cliff, and filling up that deep cavity above the mansion-house which bore the ill-omened name of Dead Man's Hollow.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading With the earliest dawn exploring parties were out in every direction along the southern slope of The Mountain, tracing the ravages of the great slide and the track it had followed.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading With the earliest dawn exploring parties were out in every direction along the southern slope of The Mountain, tracing the ravages of the great slide and the track it had followed.

half-opened

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It had folded over like the leaves of a half-opened book when they close, crushing the trees below, piling its ruins in a glacis at the foot of what had been the overhanging wall of the cliff, and filling up that deep cavity above the mansion-house which bore the ill-omened name of Dead Man's Hollow.

HollowadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːloʊ/

not solid; having a space or gap or cavity

From this reading It had folded over like the leaves of a half-opened book when they close, crushing the trees below, piling its ruins in a glacis at the foot of what had been the overhanging wall of the cliff, and filling up that deep cavity above the mansion-house which bore the ill-omened name of Dead Man's Hollow.

ill-omenedadjective

marked by or promising bad fortune

From this reading It had folded over like the leaves of a half-opened book when they close, crushing the trees below, piling its ruins in a glacis at the foot of what had been the overhanging wall of the cliff, and filling up that deep cavity above the mansion-house which bore the ill-omened name of Dead Man's Hollow.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading With the earliest dawn exploring parties were out in every direction along the southern slope of The Mountain, tracing the ravages of the great slide and the track it had followed.

includingverbUS /ˌɪnˈkluːdɪŋ/

-ing form of “include” — have as a part, be made up out of

From this reading It proved to be not so much a slide as the breaking off and falling of a vast line of cliff, including the dreaded Ledge.

infiniteadjectiveUS /ˈɪnfənət/

having no limits or boundaries in time or space or extent or magnitude

From this reading The long storm was over, and the calm autumnal sunshine was now to return, with all its infinite repose and sweetness.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading With the earliest dawn exploring parties were out in every direction along the southern slope of The Mountain, tracing the ravages of the great slide and the track it had followed.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The long storm was over, and the calm autumnal sunshine was now to return, with all its infinite repose and sweetness.

leavesnounUS /liːvz/

plural of “leaf” — the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading It had folded over like the leaves of a half-opened book when they close, crushing the trees below, piling its ruins in a glacis at the foot of what had been the overhanging wall of the cliff, and filling up that deep cavity above the mansion-house which bore the ill-omened name of Dead Man's Hollow.

LedgenounUS /ledʒ/

a projecting ridge on a mountain or submerged under water

From this reading It proved to be not so much a slide as the breaking off and falling of a vast line of cliff, including the dreaded Ledge.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading It had folded over like the leaves of a half-opened book when they close, crushing the trees below, piling its ruins in a glacis at the foot of what had been the overhanging wall of the cliff, and filling up that deep cavity above the mansion-house which bore the ill-omened name of Dead Man's Hollow.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading It proved to be not so much a slide as the breaking off and falling of a vast line of cliff, including the dreaded Ledge.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading The long storm was over, and the calm autumnal sunshine was now to return, with all its infinite repose and sweetness.

Man'snounUS /mænz/

possessive form of “man” — an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading It had folded over like the leaves of a half-opened book when they close, crushing the trees below, piling its ruins in a glacis at the foot of what had been the overhanging wall of the cliff, and filling up that deep cavity above the mansion-house which bore the ill-omened name of Dead Man's Hollow.

mansion-house

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It had folded over like the leaves of a half-opened book when they close, crushing the trees below, piling its ruins in a glacis at the foot of what had been the overhanging wall of the cliff, and filling up that deep cavity above the mansion-house which bore the ill-omened name of Dead Man's Hollow.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading The morning rose clear and bright.

MountainnounUS /ˈmaʊntən/

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading With the earliest dawn exploring parties were out in every direction along the southern slope of The Mountain, tracing the ravages of the great slide and the track it had followed.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading It proved to be not so much a slide as the breaking off and falling of a vast line of cliff, including the dreaded Ledge.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading It had folded over like the leaves of a half-opened book when they close, crushing the trees below, piling its ruins in a glacis at the foot of what had been the overhanging wall of the cliff, and filling up that deep cavity above the mansion-house which bore the ill-omened name of Dead Man's Hollow.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It proved to be not so much a slide as the breaking off and falling of a vast line of cliff, including the dreaded Ledge.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The long storm was over, and the calm autumnal sunshine was now to return, with all its infinite repose and sweetness.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading With the earliest dawn exploring parties were out in every direction along the southern slope of The Mountain, tracing the ravages of the great slide and the track it had followed.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading It proved to be not so much a slide as the breaking off and falling of a vast line of cliff, including the dreaded Ledge.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading With the earliest dawn exploring parties were out in every direction along the southern slope of The Mountain, tracing the ravages of the great slide and the track it had followed.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The long storm was over, and the calm autumnal sunshine was now to return, with all its infinite repose and sweetness.

overhangingverbUS /ˈoʊvərhæŋɪŋ/

-ing form of “overhang” — project over

From this reading It had folded over like the leaves of a half-opened book when they close, crushing the trees below, piling its ruins in a glacis at the foot of what had been the overhanging wall of the cliff, and filling up that deep cavity above the mansion-house which bore the ill-omened name of Dead Man's Hollow.

partiesnounUS /ˈpɑːrtiz/

plural of “party” — an organization to gain political power

From this reading With the earliest dawn exploring parties were out in every direction along the southern slope of The Mountain, tracing the ravages of the great slide and the track it had followed.

pilingnounUS /ˈpaɪlɪŋ/

a column of wood or steel or concrete that is driven into the ground to provide support for a structure

From this reading It had folded over like the leaves of a half-opened book when they close, crushing the trees below, piling its ruins in a glacis at the foot of what had been the overhanging wall of the cliff, and filling up that deep cavity above the mansion-house which bore the ill-omened name of Dead Man's Hollow.

provedadjectiveUS /pruːvd/

established beyond doubt

From this reading It proved to be not so much a slide as the breaking off and falling of a vast line of cliff, including the dreaded Ledge.

ravagesnounUS /ˈrævɪdʒɪz/

plural of “ravage” — (usually plural) a destructive action

From this reading With the earliest dawn exploring parties were out in every direction along the southern slope of The Mountain, tracing the ravages of the great slide and the track it had followed.

reposeverbUS /riˈpoʊz/

put or confide something in a person or thing

From this reading The long storm was over, and the calm autumnal sunshine was now to return, with all its infinite repose and sweetness.

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading The long storm was over, and the calm autumnal sunshine was now to return, with all its infinite repose and sweetness.

rosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading The morning rose clear and bright.

ruinsnounUS /ˈruːənz/

plural of “ruin” — an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction

From this reading It had folded over like the leaves of a half-opened book when they close, crushing the trees below, piling its ruins in a glacis at the foot of what had been the overhanging wall of the cliff, and filling up that deep cavity above the mansion-house which bore the ill-omened name of Dead Man's Hollow.

slidenounUS /slaɪd/

a small flat rectangular piece of glass on which specimens can be mounted for microscopic study

From this reading With the earliest dawn exploring parties were out in every direction along the southern slope of The Mountain, tracing the ravages of the great slide and the track it had followed.

slopenounUS /sloʊp/

an elevated geological formation

From this reading With the earliest dawn exploring parties were out in every direction along the southern slope of The Mountain, tracing the ravages of the great slide and the track it had followed.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading It proved to be not so much a slide as the breaking off and falling of a vast line of cliff, including the dreaded Ledge.

southernadjectiveUS /ˈsʌðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States south of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading With the earliest dawn exploring parties were out in every direction along the southern slope of The Mountain, tracing the ravages of the great slide and the track it had followed.

stormverbUS /stɔːrm/

behave violently, as if in state of a great anger

From this reading The long storm was over, and the calm autumnal sunshine was now to return, with all its infinite repose and sweetness.

sunshinenounUS /ˈsʌnʃaɪn/

the rays of the sun

From this reading The long storm was over, and the calm autumnal sunshine was now to return, with all its infinite repose and sweetness.

sweetnessnounUS /ˈswiːtnəs/

the taste experience when sugar dissolves in the mouth

From this reading The long storm was over, and the calm autumnal sunshine was now to return, with all its infinite repose and sweetness.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It had folded over like the leaves of a half-opened book when they close, crushing the trees below, piling its ruins in a glacis at the foot of what had been the overhanging wall of the cliff, and filling up that deep cavity above the mansion-house which bore the ill-omened name of Dead Man's Hollow.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The morning rose clear and bright.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It had folded over like the leaves of a half-opened book when they close, crushing the trees below, piling its ruins in a glacis at the foot of what had been the overhanging wall of the cliff, and filling up that deep cavity above the mansion-house which bore the ill-omened name of Dead Man's Hollow.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The long storm was over, and the calm autumnal sunshine was now to return, with all its infinite repose and sweetness.

tracingnounUS /ˈtreɪsɪŋ/

the act of drawing a plan or diagram or outline

From this reading With the earliest dawn exploring parties were out in every direction along the southern slope of The Mountain, tracing the ravages of the great slide and the track it had followed.

tracknounUS /træk/

a line or route along which something travels or moves

From this reading With the earliest dawn exploring parties were out in every direction along the southern slope of The Mountain, tracing the ravages of the great slide and the track it had followed.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading It had folded over like the leaves of a half-opened book when they close, crushing the trees below, piling its ruins in a glacis at the foot of what had been the overhanging wall of the cliff, and filling up that deep cavity above the mansion-house which bore the ill-omened name of Dead Man's Hollow.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading It had folded over like the leaves of a half-opened book when they close, crushing the trees below, piling its ruins in a glacis at the foot of what had been the overhanging wall of the cliff, and filling up that deep cavity above the mansion-house which bore the ill-omened name of Dead Man's Hollow.

vastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading It proved to be not so much a slide as the breaking off and falling of a vast line of cliff, including the dreaded Ledge.

wallnounUS /wɔːl/

an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading It had folded over like the leaves of a half-opened book when they close, crushing the trees below, piling its ruins in a glacis at the foot of what had been the overhanging wall of the cliff, and filling up that deep cavity above the mansion-house which bore the ill-omened name of Dead Man's Hollow.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The long storm was over, and the calm autumnal sunshine was now to return, with all its infinite repose and sweetness.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading With the earliest dawn exploring parties were out in every direction along the southern slope of The Mountain, tracing the ravages of the great slide and the track it had followed.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading It had folded over like the leaves of a half-opened book when they close, crushing the trees below, piling its ruins in a glacis at the foot of what had been the overhanging wall of the cliff, and filling up that deep cavity above the mansion-house which bore the ill-omened name of Dead Man's Hollow.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading It had folded over like the leaves of a half-opened book when they close, crushing the trees below, piling its ruins in a glacis at the foot of what had been the overhanging wall of the cliff, and filling up that deep cavity above the mansion-house which bore the ill-omened name of Dead Man's Hollow.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It had folded over like the leaves of a half-opened book when they close, crushing the trees below, piling its ruins in a glacis at the foot of what had been the overhanging wall of the cliff, and filling up that deep cavity above the mansion-house which bore the ill-omened name of Dead Man's Hollow.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The long storm was over, and the calm autumnal sunshine was now to return, with all its infinite repose and sweetness.

Chapter 31 of Elsie Venner by Oliver Wendell Holmes holds 212 sentences, grouped into 43 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Elsie Venner contain?

Chapter 31 holds 212 sentences of Elsie Venner, unabridged, divided into 43 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Elsie Venner by Oliver Wendell Holmes exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 212 sentences, grouped into 43 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Elsie Venner?

Work through the 43 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 43 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Elsie Venner

Common questions about reading Elsie Venner by Oliver Wendell Holmes on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Elsie Venner?

Yes. All 5636 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2696 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Elsie Venner is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2696, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Elsie Venner take to read?

About 469 minutes of reading across 1128 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Elsie Venner section by section

How to work through Elsie Venner section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 32 chapters of Elsie Venner to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Elsie Venner

Words and structures a reader meets early in Elsie Venner, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Nothing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Elsie Venner; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
England
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Elsie Venner; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Corresponding
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Elsie Venner; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Feudal
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Elsie Venner; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.