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Elson Grammar School Literature, Book 4
Elson Grammar School Literature, Book 4

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Elson Grammar School Literature, Book 4 is here in full — 447 sentences across 90 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Elson Grammar School Literature, Book 4
Context Illustration Reading 1/89 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
And Ardennes waves above them her green leaves, Dewy with Nature's tear-drops, as they pass, Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves, Over the unreturning brave--alas!
Ere evening to be trodden like the grass Which now beneath them, but above shall grow In its next verdure, when this fiery mass Of living valor, rolling on the foe, And burning with high hope, shall molder cold and low.
Last noon beheld them full of lusty life, Last eve in Beauty's circle proudly gay; The midnight brought the signal sound of strife-- The morn, the marshaling in arms--the day, Battle's magnificently stern array!
The thunderclouds close o'er it, which when rent The earth is covered thick with other clay, Which her own clay shall cover, heaped and pent, Rider and horse--friend, foe--in one red burial blent!
HELPS TO STUDY.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Elson Grammar School Literature, Book 4

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Elson Grammar School Literature, Book 4 is here in full — 447 sentences across 90 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/89 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
And Ardennes waves above them her green leaves, Dewy with Nature's tear-drops, as they pass, Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves, Over the unreturning brave--alas!
Line 2
Ere evening to be trodden like the grass Which now beneath them, but above shall grow In its next verdure, when this fiery mass Of living valor, rolling on the foe, And burning with high hope, shall molder cold and low.
Line 3
Last noon beheld them full of lusty life, Last eve in Beauty's circle proudly gay; The midnight brought the signal sound of strife-- The morn, the marshaling in arms--the day, Battle's magnificently stern array!
Line 4
The thunderclouds close o'er it, which when rent The earth is covered thick with other clay, Which her own clay shall cover, heaped and pent, Rider and horse--friend, foe--in one red burial blent!
Line 5
HELPS TO STUDY.
/helps tuː ˈstʌdi/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Battle's noun US /ˈbætəlz/

possessive form of “battle” — a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading “Last noon beheld them full of lusty life, Last eve in Beauty's circle proudly gay; The midnight brought the signal sound of strife-- The morn, the marshaling in arms--the day, Battle's magnificently stern array!”

grieves verb US /ɡriːvz/

third-person singular of “grieve” — feel grief

From this reading “And Ardennes waves above them her green leaves, Dewy with Nature's tear-drops, as they pass, Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves, Over the unreturning brave--alas!”

Grieving adjective US /ˈɡriːvɪŋ/

sorrowful through loss or deprivation

From this reading “And Ardennes waves above them her green leaves, Dewy with Nature's tear-drops, as they pass, Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves, Over the unreturning brave--alas!”

inanimate adjective US /ˌɪˈnænəmət/

belonging to the class of nouns denoting nonliving things

From this reading “And Ardennes waves above them her green leaves, Dewy with Nature's tear-drops, as they pass, Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves, Over the unreturning brave--alas!”

magnificently adverb US /mæɡˈnɪfəsəntli/

extremely well

From this reading “Last noon beheld them full of lusty life, Last eve in Beauty's circle proudly gay; The midnight brought the signal sound of strife-- The morn, the marshaling in arms--the day, Battle's magnificently stern array!”

marshaling verb US /ˈmɑːrʃəlɪŋ/

-ing form of “marshal” — place in proper rank

From this reading “Last noon beheld them full of lusty life, Last eve in Beauty's circle proudly gay; The midnight brought the signal sound of strife-- The morn, the marshaling in arms--the day, Battle's magnificently stern array!”

molder verb US /ˈmoʊldər/

break down

From this reading “Ere evening to be trodden like the grass Which now beneath them, but above shall grow In its next verdure, when this fiery mass Of living valor, rolling on the foe, And burning with high hope, shall molder cold and low.”

pent adjective US /pent/

closely confined

From this reading “The thunderclouds close o'er it, which when rent The earth is covered thick with other clay, Which her own clay shall cover, heaped and pent, Rider and horse--friend, foe--in one red burial blent!”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

green leaves noun + noun counted as “green leaf”

In this reading “And Ardennes waves above them her green leaves, Dewy with Nature's tear-drops, as they pass, Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves, Over the unreturning brave--alas!”

All words in this reading · 107

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading And Ardennes waves above them her green leaves, Dewy with Nature's tear-drops, as they pass, Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves, Over the unreturning brave--alas!

alasexclamationUS /əˈlæs/

used to show sadness, pity, or regret

From this reading And Ardennes waves above them her green leaves, Dewy with Nature's tear-drops, as they pass, Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves, Over the unreturning brave--alas!

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading And Ardennes waves above them her green leaves, Dewy with Nature's tear-drops, as they pass, Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves, Over the unreturning brave--alas!

Ardennesnoun

a wooded plateau in the Champagne-Ardenne region of France; the site of intense fighting in World War I and World War II

From this reading And Ardennes waves above them her green leaves, Dewy with Nature's tear-drops, as they pass, Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves, Over the unreturning brave--alas!

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading Last noon beheld them full of lusty life, Last eve in Beauty's circle proudly gay; The midnight brought the signal sound of strife-- The morn, the marshaling in arms--the day, Battle's magnificently stern array!

arraynounUS /ərˈeɪ/

an orderly arrangement

From this reading Last noon beheld them full of lusty life, Last eve in Beauty's circle proudly gay; The midnight brought the signal sound of strife-- The morn, the marshaling in arms--the day, Battle's magnificently stern array!

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading And Ardennes waves above them her green leaves, Dewy with Nature's tear-drops, as they pass, Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves, Over the unreturning brave--alas!

aughtnounUS /ɔːt/

a quantity of no importance

From this reading And Ardennes waves above them her green leaves, Dewy with Nature's tear-drops, as they pass, Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves, Over the unreturning brave--alas!

Battle'snounUS /ˈbætəlz/

possessive form of “battle” — a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading Last noon beheld them full of lusty life, Last eve in Beauty's circle proudly gay; The midnight brought the signal sound of strife-- The morn, the marshaling in arms--the day, Battle's magnificently stern array!

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Ere evening to be trodden like the grass Which now beneath them, but above shall grow In its next verdure, when this fiery mass Of living valor, rolling on the foe, And burning with high hope, shall molder cold and low.

Beauty's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Last noon beheld them full of lusty life, Last eve in Beauty's circle proudly gay; The midnight brought the signal sound of strife-- The morn, the marshaling in arms--the day, Battle's magnificently stern array!

beheldverbUS /biˈheld/

inflected form of “behold” — see with attention

From this reading Last noon beheld them full of lusty life, Last eve in Beauty's circle proudly gay; The midnight brought the signal sound of strife-- The morn, the marshaling in arms--the day, Battle's magnificently stern array!

beneathprepositionUS /bɪˈniːθ/

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading Ere evening to be trodden like the grass Which now beneath them, but above shall grow In its next verdure, when this fiery mass Of living valor, rolling on the foe, And burning with high hope, shall molder cold and low.

blent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The thunderclouds close o'er it, which when rent The earth is covered thick with other clay, Which her own clay shall cover, heaped and pent, Rider and horse--friend, foe--in one red burial blent!

braveadjectiveUS /breɪv/

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading And Ardennes waves above them her green leaves, Dewy with Nature's tear-drops, as they pass, Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves, Over the unreturning brave--alas!

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading Last noon beheld them full of lusty life, Last eve in Beauty's circle proudly gay; The midnight brought the signal sound of strife-- The morn, the marshaling in arms--the day, Battle's magnificently stern array!

burialnounUS /ˈberiəl/

the ritual placing of a corpse in a grave

From this reading The thunderclouds close o'er it, which when rent The earth is covered thick with other clay, Which her own clay shall cover, heaped and pent, Rider and horse--friend, foe--in one red burial blent!

burningnounUS /ˈbɜːrnɪŋ/

the act of burning something

From this reading Ere evening to be trodden like the grass Which now beneath them, but above shall grow In its next verdure, when this fiery mass Of living valor, rolling on the foe, And burning with high hope, shall molder cold and low.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Ere evening to be trodden like the grass Which now beneath them, but above shall grow In its next verdure, when this fiery mass Of living valor, rolling on the foe, And burning with high hope, shall molder cold and low.

circlenounUS /ˈsɜːrkəl/

ellipse in which the two axes are of equal length; a plane curve generated by one point moving at a constant distance from a fixed point

From this reading Last noon beheld them full of lusty life, Last eve in Beauty's circle proudly gay; The midnight brought the signal sound of strife-- The morn, the marshaling in arms--the day, Battle's magnificently stern array!

claynounUS /kleɪ/

a very fine-grained soil that is plastic when moist but hard when fired

From this reading The thunderclouds close o'er it, which when rent The earth is covered thick with other clay, Which her own clay shall cover, heaped and pent, Rider and horse--friend, foe--in one red burial blent!

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading The thunderclouds close o'er it, which when rent The earth is covered thick with other clay, Which her own clay shall cover, heaped and pent, Rider and horse--friend, foe--in one red burial blent!

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading Ere evening to be trodden like the grass Which now beneath them, but above shall grow In its next verdure, when this fiery mass Of living valor, rolling on the foe, And burning with high hope, shall molder cold and low.

coververbUS /ˈkʌvər/

provide with a covering or cause to be covered

From this reading The thunderclouds close o'er it, which when rent The earth is covered thick with other clay, Which her own clay shall cover, heaped and pent, Rider and horse--friend, foe--in one red burial blent!

coveredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌvərd/

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading The thunderclouds close o'er it, which when rent The earth is covered thick with other clay, Which her own clay shall cover, heaped and pent, Rider and horse--friend, foe--in one red burial blent!

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Last noon beheld them full of lusty life, Last eve in Beauty's circle proudly gay; The midnight brought the signal sound of strife-- The morn, the marshaling in arms--the day, Battle's magnificently stern array!

DewyadjectiveUS /ˈduːi/

wet with dew

From this reading And Ardennes waves above them her green leaves, Dewy with Nature's tear-drops, as they pass, Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves, Over the unreturning brave--alas!

e'eradverb

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading And Ardennes waves above them her green leaves, Dewy with Nature's tear-drops, as they pass, Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves, Over the unreturning brave--alas!

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading The thunderclouds close o'er it, which when rent The earth is covered thick with other clay, Which her own clay shall cover, heaped and pent, Rider and horse--friend, foe--in one red burial blent!

EreconjunctionUS /er/

an old word for “before”

From this reading Ere evening to be trodden like the grass Which now beneath them, but above shall grow In its next verdure, when this fiery mass Of living valor, rolling on the foe, And burning with high hope, shall molder cold and low.

evenounUS /iːv/

(Old Testament) Adam's wife in Judeo-Christian mythology: the first woman and mother of the human race; God created Eve from Adam's rib and placed Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden

From this reading Last noon beheld them full of lusty life, Last eve in Beauty's circle proudly gay; The midnight brought the signal sound of strife-- The morn, the marshaling in arms--the day, Battle's magnificently stern array!

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading Ere evening to be trodden like the grass Which now beneath them, but above shall grow In its next verdure, when this fiery mass Of living valor, rolling on the foe, And burning with high hope, shall molder cold and low.

fieryadjectiveUS /ˈfaɪəri/

characterized by intense emotion

From this reading Ere evening to be trodden like the grass Which now beneath them, but above shall grow In its next verdure, when this fiery mass Of living valor, rolling on the foe, And burning with high hope, shall molder cold and low.

foenounUS /foʊ/

an armed adversary (especially a member of an opposing military force)

From this reading Ere evening to be trodden like the grass Which now beneath them, but above shall grow In its next verdure, when this fiery mass Of living valor, rolling on the foe, And burning with high hope, shall molder cold and low.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading The thunderclouds close o'er it, which when rent The earth is covered thick with other clay, Which her own clay shall cover, heaped and pent, Rider and horse--friend, foe--in one red burial blent!

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading Last noon beheld them full of lusty life, Last eve in Beauty's circle proudly gay; The midnight brought the signal sound of strife-- The morn, the marshaling in arms--the day, Battle's magnificently stern array!

gayadjectiveUS /ɡeɪ/

bright and pleasant; promoting a feeling of cheer

From this reading Last noon beheld them full of lusty life, Last eve in Beauty's circle proudly gay; The midnight brought the signal sound of strife-- The morn, the marshaling in arms--the day, Battle's magnificently stern array!

grassverbUS /ɡræs/

shoot down, of birds

From this reading Ere evening to be trodden like the grass Which now beneath them, but above shall grow In its next verdure, when this fiery mass Of living valor, rolling on the foe, And burning with high hope, shall molder cold and low.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading And Ardennes waves above them her green leaves, Dewy with Nature's tear-drops, as they pass, Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves, Over the unreturning brave--alas!

grievesverbUS /ɡriːvz/

third-person singular of “grieve” — feel grief

From this reading And Ardennes waves above them her green leaves, Dewy with Nature's tear-drops, as they pass, Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves, Over the unreturning brave--alas!

GrievingadjectiveUS /ˈɡriːvɪŋ/

sorrowful through loss or deprivation

From this reading And Ardennes waves above them her green leaves, Dewy with Nature's tear-drops, as they pass, Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves, Over the unreturning brave--alas!

growverbUS /ɡroʊ/

pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading Ere evening to be trodden like the grass Which now beneath them, but above shall grow In its next verdure, when this fiery mass Of living valor, rolling on the foe, And burning with high hope, shall molder cold and low.

heapedverbUS /hiːpt/

past form of “heap” — bestow in large quantities

From this reading The thunderclouds close o'er it, which when rent The earth is covered thick with other clay, Which her own clay shall cover, heaped and pent, Rider and horse--friend, foe--in one red burial blent!

HELPSnounUS /helps/

plural of “help” — the activity of contributing to the fulfillment of a need or furtherance of an effort or purpose

From this reading HELPS TO STUDY.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading And Ardennes waves above them her green leaves, Dewy with Nature's tear-drops, as they pass, Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves, Over the unreturning brave--alas!

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Ere evening to be trodden like the grass Which now beneath them, but above shall grow In its next verdure, when this fiery mass Of living valor, rolling on the foe, And burning with high hope, shall molder cold and low.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading Ere evening to be trodden like the grass Which now beneath them, but above shall grow In its next verdure, when this fiery mass Of living valor, rolling on the foe, And burning with high hope, shall molder cold and low.

horsenounUS /hɔːrs/

solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading The thunderclouds close o'er it, which when rent The earth is covered thick with other clay, Which her own clay shall cover, heaped and pent, Rider and horse--friend, foe--in one red burial blent!

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading And Ardennes waves above them her green leaves, Dewy with Nature's tear-drops, as they pass, Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves, Over the unreturning brave--alas!

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Ere evening to be trodden like the grass Which now beneath them, but above shall grow In its next verdure, when this fiery mass Of living valor, rolling on the foe, And burning with high hope, shall molder cold and low.

inanimateadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈnænəmət/

belonging to the class of nouns denoting nonliving things

From this reading And Ardennes waves above them her green leaves, Dewy with Nature's tear-drops, as they pass, Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves, Over the unreturning brave--alas!

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The thunderclouds close o'er it, which when rent The earth is covered thick with other clay, Which her own clay shall cover, heaped and pent, Rider and horse--friend, foe--in one red burial blent!

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The thunderclouds close o'er it, which when rent The earth is covered thick with other clay, Which her own clay shall cover, heaped and pent, Rider and horse--friend, foe--in one red burial blent!

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Ere evening to be trodden like the grass Which now beneath them, but above shall grow In its next verdure, when this fiery mass Of living valor, rolling on the foe, And burning with high hope, shall molder cold and low.

LastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading Last noon beheld them full of lusty life, Last eve in Beauty's circle proudly gay; The midnight brought the signal sound of strife-- The morn, the marshaling in arms--the day, Battle's magnificently stern array!

leavesnounUS /liːvz/

plural of “leaf” — the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading And Ardennes waves above them her green leaves, Dewy with Nature's tear-drops, as they pass, Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves, Over the unreturning brave--alas!

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Last noon beheld them full of lusty life, Last eve in Beauty's circle proudly gay; The midnight brought the signal sound of strife-- The morn, the marshaling in arms--the day, Battle's magnificently stern array!

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Ere evening to be trodden like the grass Which now beneath them, but above shall grow In its next verdure, when this fiery mass Of living valor, rolling on the foe, And burning with high hope, shall molder cold and low.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading Ere evening to be trodden like the grass Which now beneath them, but above shall grow In its next verdure, when this fiery mass Of living valor, rolling on the foe, And burning with high hope, shall molder cold and low.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Ere evening to be trodden like the grass Which now beneath them, but above shall grow In its next verdure, when this fiery mass Of living valor, rolling on the foe, And burning with high hope, shall molder cold and low.

lustyadjectiveUS /ˈlʌsti/

vigorously passionate

From this reading Last noon beheld them full of lusty life, Last eve in Beauty's circle proudly gay; The midnight brought the signal sound of strife-- The morn, the marshaling in arms--the day, Battle's magnificently stern array!

magnificentlyadverbUS /mæɡˈnɪfəsəntli/

extremely well

From this reading Last noon beheld them full of lusty life, Last eve in Beauty's circle proudly gay; The midnight brought the signal sound of strife-- The morn, the marshaling in arms--the day, Battle's magnificently stern array!

marshalingverbUS /ˈmɑːrʃəlɪŋ/

-ing form of “marshal” — place in proper rank

From this reading Last noon beheld them full of lusty life, Last eve in Beauty's circle proudly gay; The midnight brought the signal sound of strife-- The morn, the marshaling in arms--the day, Battle's magnificently stern array!

massnounUS /mæs/

the property of a body that causes it to have weight in a gravitational field

From this reading Ere evening to be trodden like the grass Which now beneath them, but above shall grow In its next verdure, when this fiery mass Of living valor, rolling on the foe, And burning with high hope, shall molder cold and low.

midnightnounUS /ˈmɪdnaɪt/

12 o'clock at night; the middle of the night

From this reading Last noon beheld them full of lusty life, Last eve in Beauty's circle proudly gay; The midnight brought the signal sound of strife-- The morn, the marshaling in arms--the day, Battle's magnificently stern array!

molderverbUS /ˈmoʊldər/

break down

From this reading Ere evening to be trodden like the grass Which now beneath them, but above shall grow In its next verdure, when this fiery mass Of living valor, rolling on the foe, And burning with high hope, shall molder cold and low.

mornnounUS /mɔːrn/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading Last noon beheld them full of lusty life, Last eve in Beauty's circle proudly gay; The midnight brought the signal sound of strife-- The morn, the marshaling in arms--the day, Battle's magnificently stern array!

Nature'snounUS /ˈneɪtʃərz/

possessive form of “nature” — the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading And Ardennes waves above them her green leaves, Dewy with Nature's tear-drops, as they pass, Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves, Over the unreturning brave--alas!

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading Ere evening to be trodden like the grass Which now beneath them, but above shall grow In its next verdure, when this fiery mass Of living valor, rolling on the foe, And burning with high hope, shall molder cold and low.

noonnounUS /nuːn/

the middle of the day

From this reading Last noon beheld them full of lusty life, Last eve in Beauty's circle proudly gay; The midnight brought the signal sound of strife-- The morn, the marshaling in arms--the day, Battle's magnificently stern array!

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Ere evening to be trodden like the grass Which now beneath them, but above shall grow In its next verdure, when this fiery mass Of living valor, rolling on the foe, And burning with high hope, shall molder cold and low.

o'eradverb

throughout a period of time

From this reading The thunderclouds close o'er it, which when rent The earth is covered thick with other clay, Which her own clay shall cover, heaped and pent, Rider and horse--friend, foe--in one red burial blent!

OfprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Ere evening to be trodden like the grass Which now beneath them, but above shall grow In its next verdure, when this fiery mass Of living valor, rolling on the foe, And burning with high hope, shall molder cold and low.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Ere evening to be trodden like the grass Which now beneath them, but above shall grow In its next verdure, when this fiery mass Of living valor, rolling on the foe, And burning with high hope, shall molder cold and low.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The thunderclouds close o'er it, which when rent The earth is covered thick with other clay, Which her own clay shall cover, heaped and pent, Rider and horse--friend, foe--in one red burial blent!

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The thunderclouds close o'er it, which when rent The earth is covered thick with other clay, Which her own clay shall cover, heaped and pent, Rider and horse--friend, foe--in one red burial blent!

OverprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading And Ardennes waves above them her green leaves, Dewy with Nature's tear-drops, as they pass, Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves, Over the unreturning brave--alas!

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading The thunderclouds close o'er it, which when rent The earth is covered thick with other clay, Which her own clay shall cover, heaped and pent, Rider and horse--friend, foe--in one red burial blent!

passverbUS /pæs/

go across or through

From this reading And Ardennes waves above them her green leaves, Dewy with Nature's tear-drops, as they pass, Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves, Over the unreturning brave--alas!

pentadjectiveUS /pent/

closely confined

From this reading The thunderclouds close o'er it, which when rent The earth is covered thick with other clay, Which her own clay shall cover, heaped and pent, Rider and horse--friend, foe--in one red burial blent!

proudlyadverbUS /ˈpraʊdli/

with pride; in a proud manner

From this reading Last noon beheld them full of lusty life, Last eve in Beauty's circle proudly gay; The midnight brought the signal sound of strife-- The morn, the marshaling in arms--the day, Battle's magnificently stern array!

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading The thunderclouds close o'er it, which when rent The earth is covered thick with other clay, Which her own clay shall cover, heaped and pent, Rider and horse--friend, foe--in one red burial blent!

rentverbUS /rent/

let for money

From this reading The thunderclouds close o'er it, which when rent The earth is covered thick with other clay, Which her own clay shall cover, heaped and pent, Rider and horse--friend, foe--in one red burial blent!

RidernounUS /ˈraɪdər/

a traveler who actively rides an animal (as a horse or camel)

From this reading The thunderclouds close o'er it, which when rent The earth is covered thick with other clay, Which her own clay shall cover, heaped and pent, Rider and horse--friend, foe--in one red burial blent!

rollingadjectiveUS /ˈroʊlɪŋ/

uttered with a trill

From this reading Ere evening to be trodden like the grass Which now beneath them, but above shall grow In its next verdure, when this fiery mass Of living valor, rolling on the foe, And burning with high hope, shall molder cold and low.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading Ere evening to be trodden like the grass Which now beneath them, but above shall grow In its next verdure, when this fiery mass Of living valor, rolling on the foe, And burning with high hope, shall molder cold and low.

signalnounUS /ˈsɪɡnəl/

any nonverbal action or gesture that encodes a message

From this reading Last noon beheld them full of lusty life, Last eve in Beauty's circle proudly gay; The midnight brought the signal sound of strife-- The morn, the marshaling in arms--the day, Battle's magnificently stern array!

soundnounUS /saʊnd/

the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading Last noon beheld them full of lusty life, Last eve in Beauty's circle proudly gay; The midnight brought the signal sound of strife-- The morn, the marshaling in arms--the day, Battle's magnificently stern array!

sternadjectiveUS /stɜːrn/

of a stern or strict bearing or demeanor; forbidding in aspect

From this reading Last noon beheld them full of lusty life, Last eve in Beauty's circle proudly gay; The midnight brought the signal sound of strife-- The morn, the marshaling in arms--the day, Battle's magnificently stern array!

strifenounUS /straɪf/

lack of agreement or harmony

From this reading Last noon beheld them full of lusty life, Last eve in Beauty's circle proudly gay; The midnight brought the signal sound of strife-- The morn, the marshaling in arms--the day, Battle's magnificently stern array!

STUDYnounUS /ˈstʌdi/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading HELPS TO STUDY.

tear-drops

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And Ardennes waves above them her green leaves, Dewy with Nature's tear-drops, as they pass, Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves, Over the unreturning brave--alas!

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading And Ardennes waves above them her green leaves, Dewy with Nature's tear-drops, as they pass, Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves, Over the unreturning brave--alas!

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading And Ardennes waves above them her green leaves, Dewy with Nature's tear-drops, as they pass, Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves, Over the unreturning brave--alas!

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading And Ardennes waves above them her green leaves, Dewy with Nature's tear-drops, as they pass, Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves, Over the unreturning brave--alas!

thickadjectiveUS /θɪk/

not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions

From this reading The thunderclouds close o'er it, which when rent The earth is covered thick with other clay, Which her own clay shall cover, heaped and pent, Rider and horse--friend, foe--in one red burial blent!

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Ere evening to be trodden like the grass Which now beneath them, but above shall grow In its next verdure, when this fiery mass Of living valor, rolling on the foe, And burning with high hope, shall molder cold and low.

thunderclouds

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The thunderclouds close o'er it, which when rent The earth is covered thick with other clay, Which her own clay shall cover, heaped and pent, Rider and horse--friend, foe--in one red burial blent!

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Ere evening to be trodden like the grass Which now beneath them, but above shall grow In its next verdure, when this fiery mass Of living valor, rolling on the foe, And burning with high hope, shall molder cold and low.

troddenverbUS /ˈtrɑːdən/

inflected form of “tread” — put down or press the foot, place the foot

From this reading Ere evening to be trodden like the grass Which now beneath them, but above shall grow In its next verdure, when this fiery mass Of living valor, rolling on the foe, And burning with high hope, shall molder cold and low.

unreturning

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And Ardennes waves above them her green leaves, Dewy with Nature's tear-drops, as they pass, Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves, Over the unreturning brave--alas!

valornounUS /ˈvælər/

the qualities of a hero or heroine; exceptional or heroic courage when facing danger (especially in battle)

From this reading Ere evening to be trodden like the grass Which now beneath them, but above shall grow In its next verdure, when this fiery mass Of living valor, rolling on the foe, And burning with high hope, shall molder cold and low.

verdurenoun

green foliage

From this reading Ere evening to be trodden like the grass Which now beneath them, but above shall grow In its next verdure, when this fiery mass Of living valor, rolling on the foe, And burning with high hope, shall molder cold and low.

wavesnounUS /weɪvz/

plural of “wave” — one of a series of ridges that moves across the surface of a liquid (especially across a large body of water)

From this reading And Ardennes waves above them her green leaves, Dewy with Nature's tear-drops, as they pass, Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves, Over the unreturning brave--alas!

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Ere evening to be trodden like the grass Which now beneath them, but above shall grow In its next verdure, when this fiery mass Of living valor, rolling on the foe, And burning with high hope, shall molder cold and low.

WhichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Ere evening to be trodden like the grass Which now beneath them, but above shall grow In its next verdure, when this fiery mass Of living valor, rolling on the foe, And burning with high hope, shall molder cold and low.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading And Ardennes waves above them her green leaves, Dewy with Nature's tear-drops, as they pass, Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves, Over the unreturning brave--alas!

Chapter 4 of Elson Grammar School Literature, Book 4 by William H. (William Harris) Elson holds 447 sentences, grouped into 90 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Elson Grammar School Literature, Book 4 contain?

Chapter 4 holds 447 sentences of Elson Grammar School Literature, Book 4, unabridged, divided into 90 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Elson Grammar School Literature, Book 4 by William H. (William Harris) Elson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 447 sentences, grouped into 90 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Elson Grammar School Literature, Book 4?

Work through the 90 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 90 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Elson Grammar School Literature, Book 4

Common questions about reading Elson Grammar School Literature, Book 4 by William H. (William Harris) Elson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Elson Grammar School Literature, Book 4?

Yes. All 5153 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #6963 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Elson Grammar School Literature, Book 4 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #6963, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Elson Grammar School Literature, Book 4 take to read?

About 429 minutes of reading across 1031 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Elson Grammar School Literature, Book 4 section by section

How to work through Elson Grammar School Literature, Book 4 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 17 chapters of Elson Grammar School Literature, Book 4 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Elson Grammar School Literature, Book 4

Words and structures a reader meets early in Elson Grammar School Literature, Book 4, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Principal
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Elson Grammar School Literature, Book 4; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sigsbee
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Elson Grammar School Literature, Book 4; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
School
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Elson Grammar School Literature, Book 4; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Grand
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Elson Grammar School Literature, Book 4; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.