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Emerson and Other Essays
Emerson and Other Essays

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Emerson and Other Essays is here in full — 458 sentences across 92 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/91 · 5 lines
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Emerson's criticism on men and books is like the test of a great chemist who seeks one or two elements.
He burns a bit of the stuff in his incandescent light, shows the lines of it in his spectrum, and there an end.
It was a thought of genius that led him to write Representative Men.
The scheme of this book gave play to every illumination of his mind, and it pinned him down to the objective, to the field of vision under his microscope.
The table of contents of Representative Men is the dial of his education.
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Emerson and Other Essays

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Emerson and Other Essays is here in full — 458 sentences across 92 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/91 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Emerson's criticism on men and books is like the test of a great chemist who seeks one or two elements.
/ˈemərsənz ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm ɑːn men ənd bʊks ɪz laɪk ðə test ʌv ə ɡreɪt ˈkemɪst huː siːks wʌn ɔːr tuː ˈeləmənts/
Line 2
He burns a bit of the stuff in his incandescent light, shows the lines of it in his spectrum, and there an end.
/hiː bɜːrnz ə bɪt ʌv ðə stʌf ɪn hɪz ˌɪnkənˈdesənt laɪt ʃoʊz ðə laɪnz ʌv ɪt ɪn hɪz ˈspektrəm ənd ðer æn end/
Line 3
It was a thought of genius that led him to write Representative Men.
/ɪt wɑːz ə θɔːt ʌv ˈdʒiːnjəs ðæt led hɪm tuː raɪt ˌreprəˈzentətɪv men/
Line 4
The scheme of this book gave play to every illumination of his mind, and it pinned him down to the objective, to the field of vision under his microscope.
/ðə skiːm ʌv ðɪs bʊk ɡeɪv pleɪ tuː ˈevəri ˌɪluːməˈneɪʃən ʌv hɪz maɪnd ənd ɪt pɪnd hɪm daʊn tuː ðə əbˈdʒektɪv tuː ðə fiːld ʌv ˈvɪʒən ˈʌndər hɪz ˈmaɪkrəskoʊp/
Line 5
The table of contents of Representative Men is the dial of his education.
/ðə ˈteɪbəl ʌv ˈkɑːntents ʌv ˌreprəˈzentətɪv men ɪz ðə ˈdaɪəl ʌv hɪz ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

chemist noun US /ˈkemɪst/

a scientist who specializes in chemistry

From this reading “Emerson's criticism on men and books is like the test of a great chemist who seeks one or two elements.”

dial noun US /ˈdaɪəl/

the face of a timepiece; graduated to show the hours

From this reading “The table of contents of Representative Men is the dial of his education.”

Emerson's noun US /ˈemərsənz/

possessive form of “emerson” — United States writer and leading exponent of transcendentalism (1803-1882)

From this reading “Emerson's criticism on men and books is like the test of a great chemist who seeks one or two elements.”

illumination noun US /ˌɪluːməˈneɪʃən/

a condition of spiritual awareness; divine illumination

From this reading “The scheme of this book gave play to every illumination of his mind, and it pinned him down to the objective, to the field of vision under his microscope.”

incandescent adjective US /ˌɪnkənˈdesənt/

emitting light as a result of being heated

From this reading “He burns a bit of the stuff in his incandescent light, shows the lines of it in his spectrum, and there an end.”

microscope noun US /ˈmaɪkrəskoʊp/

magnifier of the image of small objects

From this reading “The scheme of this book gave play to every illumination of his mind, and it pinned him down to the objective, to the field of vision under his microscope.”

objective adjective US /əbˈdʒektɪv/

undistorted by emotion or personal bias; based on observable phenomena

From this reading “The scheme of this book gave play to every illumination of his mind, and it pinned him down to the objective, to the field of vision under his microscope.”

spectrum noun US /ˈspektrəm/

an ordered array of the components of an emission or wave

From this reading “He burns a bit of the stuff in his incandescent light, shows the lines of it in his spectrum, and there an end.”

All words in this reading · 63

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Emerson's criticism on men and books is like the test of a great chemist who seeks one or two elements.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading He burns a bit of the stuff in his incandescent light, shows the lines of it in his spectrum, and there an end.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Emerson's criticism on men and books is like the test of a great chemist who seeks one or two elements.

bitnounUS /bɪt/

a small piece or quantity of something

From this reading He burns a bit of the stuff in his incandescent light, shows the lines of it in his spectrum, and there an end.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading The scheme of this book gave play to every illumination of his mind, and it pinned him down to the objective, to the field of vision under his microscope.

booksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading Emerson's criticism on men and books is like the test of a great chemist who seeks one or two elements.

burnsnounUS /bɜːrnz/

United States comedian and film actor (1896-1996)

From this reading He burns a bit of the stuff in his incandescent light, shows the lines of it in his spectrum, and there an end.

chemistnounUS /ˈkemɪst/

a scientist who specializes in chemistry

From this reading Emerson's criticism on men and books is like the test of a great chemist who seeks one or two elements.

contentsnounUS /ˈkɑːntents/

(usually plural) everything that is included in a collection and that is held or included in something

From this reading The table of contents of Representative Men is the dial of his education.

criticismnounUS /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm/

disapproval expressed by pointing out faults or shortcomings

From this reading Emerson's criticism on men and books is like the test of a great chemist who seeks one or two elements.

dialnounUS /ˈdaɪəl/

the face of a timepiece; graduated to show the hours

From this reading The table of contents of Representative Men is the dial of his education.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading The scheme of this book gave play to every illumination of his mind, and it pinned him down to the objective, to the field of vision under his microscope.

educationnounUS /ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən/

the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill

From this reading The table of contents of Representative Men is the dial of his education.

elementsnounUS /ˈeləmənts/

violent or severe weather (viewed as caused by the action of the four elements)

From this reading Emerson's criticism on men and books is like the test of a great chemist who seeks one or two elements.

Emerson'snounUS /ˈemərsənz/

possessive form of “emerson” — United States writer and leading exponent of transcendentalism (1803-1882)

From this reading Emerson's criticism on men and books is like the test of a great chemist who seeks one or two elements.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading He burns a bit of the stuff in his incandescent light, shows the lines of it in his spectrum, and there an end.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading The scheme of this book gave play to every illumination of his mind, and it pinned him down to the objective, to the field of vision under his microscope.

fieldnounUS /fiːld/

a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed

From this reading The scheme of this book gave play to every illumination of his mind, and it pinned him down to the objective, to the field of vision under his microscope.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading The scheme of this book gave play to every illumination of his mind, and it pinned him down to the objective, to the field of vision under his microscope.

geniusnounUS /ˈdʒiːnjəs/

someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality

From this reading It was a thought of genius that led him to write Representative Men.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Emerson's criticism on men and books is like the test of a great chemist who seeks one or two elements.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He burns a bit of the stuff in his incandescent light, shows the lines of it in his spectrum, and there an end.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It was a thought of genius that led him to write Representative Men.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He burns a bit of the stuff in his incandescent light, shows the lines of it in his spectrum, and there an end.

illuminationnounUS /ˌɪluːməˈneɪʃən/

a condition of spiritual awareness; divine illumination

From this reading The scheme of this book gave play to every illumination of his mind, and it pinned him down to the objective, to the field of vision under his microscope.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He burns a bit of the stuff in his incandescent light, shows the lines of it in his spectrum, and there an end.

incandescentadjectiveUS /ˌɪnkənˈdesənt/

emitting light as a result of being heated

From this reading He burns a bit of the stuff in his incandescent light, shows the lines of it in his spectrum, and there an end.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Emerson's criticism on men and books is like the test of a great chemist who seeks one or two elements.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading He burns a bit of the stuff in his incandescent light, shows the lines of it in his spectrum, and there an end.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading It was a thought of genius that led him to write Representative Men.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading He burns a bit of the stuff in his incandescent light, shows the lines of it in his spectrum, and there an end.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Emerson's criticism on men and books is like the test of a great chemist who seeks one or two elements.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading He burns a bit of the stuff in his incandescent light, shows the lines of it in his spectrum, and there an end.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Emerson's criticism on men and books is like the test of a great chemist who seeks one or two elements.

microscopenounUS /ˈmaɪkrəskoʊp/

magnifier of the image of small objects

From this reading The scheme of this book gave play to every illumination of his mind, and it pinned him down to the objective, to the field of vision under his microscope.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading The scheme of this book gave play to every illumination of his mind, and it pinned him down to the objective, to the field of vision under his microscope.

objectiveadjectiveUS /əbˈdʒektɪv/

undistorted by emotion or personal bias; based on observable phenomena

From this reading The scheme of this book gave play to every illumination of his mind, and it pinned him down to the objective, to the field of vision under his microscope.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Emerson's criticism on men and books is like the test of a great chemist who seeks one or two elements.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Emerson's criticism on men and books is like the test of a great chemist who seeks one or two elements.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Emerson's criticism on men and books is like the test of a great chemist who seeks one or two elements.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Emerson's criticism on men and books is like the test of a great chemist who seeks one or two elements.

pinnedverbUS /pɪnd/

inflected form of “pin” — to hold fast or prevent from moving

From this reading The scheme of this book gave play to every illumination of his mind, and it pinned him down to the objective, to the field of vision under his microscope.

playverbUS /pleɪ/

participate in games or sport

From this reading The scheme of this book gave play to every illumination of his mind, and it pinned him down to the objective, to the field of vision under his microscope.

RepresentativenounUS /ˌreprəˈzentətɪv/

a person who represents others

From this reading It was a thought of genius that led him to write Representative Men.

schemenounUS /skiːm/

an elaborate and systematic plan of action

From this reading The scheme of this book gave play to every illumination of his mind, and it pinned him down to the objective, to the field of vision under his microscope.

seeksnounUS /siːks/

plural of “seek” — the movement of a read/write head to a specific data track on a disk

From this reading Emerson's criticism on men and books is like the test of a great chemist who seeks one or two elements.

showsnounUS /ʃoʊz/

plural of “show” — the act of publicly exhibiting or entertaining

From this reading He burns a bit of the stuff in his incandescent light, shows the lines of it in his spectrum, and there an end.

spectrumnounUS /ˈspektrəm/

an ordered array of the components of an emission or wave

From this reading He burns a bit of the stuff in his incandescent light, shows the lines of it in his spectrum, and there an end.

stuffnounUS /stʌf/

the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object

From this reading He burns a bit of the stuff in his incandescent light, shows the lines of it in his spectrum, and there an end.

tablenounUS /ˈteɪbəl/

a set of data arranged in rows and columns

From this reading The table of contents of Representative Men is the dial of his education.

testnounUS /test/

trying something to find out about it

From this reading Emerson's criticism on men and books is like the test of a great chemist who seeks one or two elements.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was a thought of genius that led him to write Representative Men.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Emerson's criticism on men and books is like the test of a great chemist who seeks one or two elements.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading He burns a bit of the stuff in his incandescent light, shows the lines of it in his spectrum, and there an end.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The scheme of this book gave play to every illumination of his mind, and it pinned him down to the objective, to the field of vision under his microscope.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading It was a thought of genius that led him to write Representative Men.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It was a thought of genius that led him to write Representative Men.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Emerson's criticism on men and books is like the test of a great chemist who seeks one or two elements.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading The scheme of this book gave play to every illumination of his mind, and it pinned him down to the objective, to the field of vision under his microscope.

visionnounUS /ˈvɪʒən/

a vivid mental image

From this reading The scheme of this book gave play to every illumination of his mind, and it pinned him down to the objective, to the field of vision under his microscope.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was a thought of genius that led him to write Representative Men.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Emerson's criticism on men and books is like the test of a great chemist who seeks one or two elements.

writeverbUS /raɪt/

produce a literary work

From this reading It was a thought of genius that led him to write Representative Men.

Chapter 2 of Emerson and Other Essays by John Jay Chapman holds 458 sentences, grouped into 92 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Emerson and Other Essays contain?

Chapter 2 holds 458 sentences of Emerson and Other Essays, unabridged, divided into 92 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Emerson and Other Essays by John Jay Chapman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 458 sentences, grouped into 92 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Emerson and Other Essays?

Work through the 92 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 92 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Emerson and Other Essays

Common questions about reading Emerson and Other Essays by John Jay Chapman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Emerson and Other Essays?

Yes. All 2294 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #13088 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Emerson and Other Essays is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #13088, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Emerson and Other Essays take to read?

About 191 minutes of reading across 459 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Emerson and Other Essays section by section

How to work through Emerson and Other Essays section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 5 chapters of Emerson and Other Essays to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Emerson and Other Essays

Words and structures a reader meets early in Emerson and Other Essays, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Library
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Emerson and Other Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Congress
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Emerson and Other Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Catalog
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Emerson and Other Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Number
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Emerson and Other Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.