Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Empire Builders
Empire Builders

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Empire Builders is here in full — 419 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Empire Builders
Context Illustration Reading 1/83 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Author of The Quickening, The Grafters A Fool for Love, etc.
Engine Number 206, narrow gauge, was pushing, or rather failing to push, the old-fashioned box-plow through the crusted drifts on the uptilted shoulder of Plug Mountain, at altitude ten thousand feet, with the mercury at twelve below zero.
There was a wind--the winter day above timber-line without its wind is as rare as a thawing Christmas--and it cut like knives through any garmenting lighter than fur or leather.
The cab of the 206 was old and weather-shaken, and Ford pulled the collar of his buffalo coat about his ears when the grunting of the exhaust and the shrilling of the wheels on the snow-shod rails stopped abruptly.
"Gar-r-r!" snarled Gallagher, the red-headed Irish engineer, shutting off the steam in impotent rage.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Empire Builders

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Empire Builders is here in full — 419 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/83 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Author of The Quickening, The Grafters A Fool for Love, etc.
Line 2
Engine Number 206, narrow gauge, was pushing, or rather failing to push, the old-fashioned box-plow through the crusted drifts on the uptilted shoulder of Plug Mountain, at altitude ten thousand feet, with the mercury at twelve below zero.
Line 3
There was a wind--the winter day above timber-line without its wind is as rare as a thawing Christmas--and it cut like knives through any garmenting lighter than fur or leather.
Line 4
The cab of the 206 was old and weather-shaken, and Ford pulled the collar of his buffalo coat about his ears when the grunting of the exhaust and the shrilling of the wheels on the snow-shod rails stopped abruptly.
Line 5
"Gar-r-r!" snarled Gallagher, the red-headed Irish engineer, shutting off the steam in impotent rage.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

crusted adjective US /ˈkrʌstɪd/

having a hardened crust as a covering

From this reading “Engine Number 206, narrow gauge, was pushing, or rather failing to push, the old-fashioned box-plow through the crusted drifts on the uptilted shoulder of Plug Mountain, at altitude ten thousand feet, with the mercury at twelve below zero.”

exhaust verb US /ɪɡˈzɔːst/

wear out completely

From this reading “The cab of the 206 was old and weather-shaken, and Ford pulled the collar of his buffalo coat about his ears when the grunting of the exhaust and the shrilling of the wheels on the snow-shod rails stopped abruptly.”

gauge verb US /ɡeɪdʒ/

judge tentatively or form an estimate of (quantities or time)

From this reading “Engine Number 206, narrow gauge, was pushing, or rather failing to push, the old-fashioned box-plow through the crusted drifts on the uptilted shoulder of Plug Mountain, at altitude ten thousand feet, with the mercury at twelve below zero.”

grunting verb US /ˈɡrʌntɪŋ/

-ing form of “grunt” — issue a grunting, low, animal-like noise

From this reading “The cab of the 206 was old and weather-shaken, and Ford pulled the collar of his buffalo coat about his ears when the grunting of the exhaust and the shrilling of the wheels on the snow-shod rails stopped abruptly.”

Plug verb US /plʌɡ/

fill or close tightly with or as if with a plug

From this reading “Engine Number 206, narrow gauge, was pushing, or rather failing to push, the old-fashioned box-plow through the crusted drifts on the uptilted shoulder of Plug Mountain, at altitude ten thousand feet, with the mercury at twelve below zero.”

Quickening noun US /ˈkwɪkənɪŋ/

the process of showing signs of life

From this reading “Author of The Quickening, The Grafters A Fool for Love, etc.”

thawing noun US /ˈθɔːɪŋ/

the process whereby heat changes something from a solid to a liquid

From this reading “There was a wind--the winter day above timber-line without its wind is as rare as a thawing Christmas--and it cut like knives through any garmenting lighter than fur or leather.”

zero adjective US /ˈzɪroʊ/

indicating the absence of any or all units under consideration

From this reading “Engine Number 206, narrow gauge, was pushing, or rather failing to push, the old-fashioned box-plow through the crusted drifts on the uptilted shoulder of Plug Mountain, at altitude ten thousand feet, with the mercury at twelve below zero.”

All words in this reading · 98

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

206

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Engine Number 206, narrow gauge, was pushing, or rather failing to push, the old-fashioned box-plow through the crusted drifts on the uptilted shoulder of Plug Mountain, at altitude ten thousand feet, with the mercury at twelve below zero.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Author of The Quickening, The Grafters A Fool for Love, etc.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The cab of the 206 was old and weather-shaken, and Ford pulled the collar of his buffalo coat about his ears when the grunting of the exhaust and the shrilling of the wheels on the snow-shod rails stopped abruptly.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading There was a wind--the winter day above timber-line without its wind is as rare as a thawing Christmas--and it cut like knives through any garmenting lighter than fur or leather.

abruptlyadverbUS /əˈbrʌptli/

quickly and without warning

From this reading The cab of the 206 was old and weather-shaken, and Ford pulled the collar of his buffalo coat about his ears when the grunting of the exhaust and the shrilling of the wheels on the snow-shod rails stopped abruptly.

altitudenounUS /ˈæltətuːd/

elevation especially above sea level or above the earth's surface

From this reading Engine Number 206, narrow gauge, was pushing, or rather failing to push, the old-fashioned box-plow through the crusted drifts on the uptilted shoulder of Plug Mountain, at altitude ten thousand feet, with the mercury at twelve below zero.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading There was a wind--the winter day above timber-line without its wind is as rare as a thawing Christmas--and it cut like knives through any garmenting lighter than fur or leather.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading There was a wind--the winter day above timber-line without its wind is as rare as a thawing Christmas--and it cut like knives through any garmenting lighter than fur or leather.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading There was a wind--the winter day above timber-line without its wind is as rare as a thawing Christmas--and it cut like knives through any garmenting lighter than fur or leather.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Engine Number 206, narrow gauge, was pushing, or rather failing to push, the old-fashioned box-plow through the crusted drifts on the uptilted shoulder of Plug Mountain, at altitude ten thousand feet, with the mercury at twelve below zero.

AuthornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading Author of The Quickening, The Grafters A Fool for Love, etc.

belowprepositionUS /bɪˈloʊ/

at or to a lower level than something

From this reading Engine Number 206, narrow gauge, was pushing, or rather failing to push, the old-fashioned box-plow through the crusted drifts on the uptilted shoulder of Plug Mountain, at altitude ten thousand feet, with the mercury at twelve below zero.

box-plow

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Engine Number 206, narrow gauge, was pushing, or rather failing to push, the old-fashioned box-plow through the crusted drifts on the uptilted shoulder of Plug Mountain, at altitude ten thousand feet, with the mercury at twelve below zero.

buffalonounUS /ˈbʌfəloʊ/

large shaggy-haired brown bison of North American plains

From this reading The cab of the 206 was old and weather-shaken, and Ford pulled the collar of his buffalo coat about his ears when the grunting of the exhaust and the shrilling of the wheels on the snow-shod rails stopped abruptly.

cabnounUS /kæb/

a compartment at the front of a motor vehicle or locomotive where driver sits

From this reading The cab of the 206 was old and weather-shaken, and Ford pulled the collar of his buffalo coat about his ears when the grunting of the exhaust and the shrilling of the wheels on the snow-shod rails stopped abruptly.

ChristmasnounUS /ˈkrɪsməs/

period extending from Dec. 24 to Jan. 6

From this reading There was a wind--the winter day above timber-line without its wind is as rare as a thawing Christmas--and it cut like knives through any garmenting lighter than fur or leather.

coatnounUS /koʊt/

an outer garment that has sleeves and covers the body from shoulder down; worn outdoors

From this reading The cab of the 206 was old and weather-shaken, and Ford pulled the collar of his buffalo coat about his ears when the grunting of the exhaust and the shrilling of the wheels on the snow-shod rails stopped abruptly.

collarnounUS /ˈkɑːlər/

a band that fits around the neck and is usually folded over

From this reading The cab of the 206 was old and weather-shaken, and Ford pulled the collar of his buffalo coat about his ears when the grunting of the exhaust and the shrilling of the wheels on the snow-shod rails stopped abruptly.

crustedadjectiveUS /ˈkrʌstɪd/

having a hardened crust as a covering

From this reading Engine Number 206, narrow gauge, was pushing, or rather failing to push, the old-fashioned box-plow through the crusted drifts on the uptilted shoulder of Plug Mountain, at altitude ten thousand feet, with the mercury at twelve below zero.

cutverbUS /kʌt/

separate with or as if with an instrument

From this reading There was a wind--the winter day above timber-line without its wind is as rare as a thawing Christmas--and it cut like knives through any garmenting lighter than fur or leather.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading There was a wind--the winter day above timber-line without its wind is as rare as a thawing Christmas--and it cut like knives through any garmenting lighter than fur or leather.

driftsnounUS /drɪfts/

plural of “drift” — a force that moves something along

From this reading Engine Number 206, narrow gauge, was pushing, or rather failing to push, the old-fashioned box-plow through the crusted drifts on the uptilted shoulder of Plug Mountain, at altitude ten thousand feet, with the mercury at twelve below zero.

earsnounUS /ɪrz/

plural of “ear” — the sense organ for hearing and equilibrium

From this reading The cab of the 206 was old and weather-shaken, and Ford pulled the collar of his buffalo coat about his ears when the grunting of the exhaust and the shrilling of the wheels on the snow-shod rails stopped abruptly.

EnginenounUS /ˈendʒən/

motor that converts thermal energy to mechanical work

From this reading Engine Number 206, narrow gauge, was pushing, or rather failing to push, the old-fashioned box-plow through the crusted drifts on the uptilted shoulder of Plug Mountain, at altitude ten thousand feet, with the mercury at twelve below zero.

engineernounUS /ˈendʒəˈnɪr/

a person who uses scientific knowledge to solve practical problems

From this reading "Gar-r-r!" snarled Gallagher, the red-headed Irish engineer, shutting off the steam in impotent rage.

etc

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Author of The Quickening, The Grafters A Fool for Love, etc.

exhaustverbUS /ɪɡˈzɔːst/

wear out completely

From this reading The cab of the 206 was old and weather-shaken, and Ford pulled the collar of his buffalo coat about his ears when the grunting of the exhaust and the shrilling of the wheels on the snow-shod rails stopped abruptly.

failingnounUS /ˈfeɪlɪŋ/

a flaw or weak point

From this reading Engine Number 206, narrow gauge, was pushing, or rather failing to push, the old-fashioned box-plow through the crusted drifts on the uptilted shoulder of Plug Mountain, at altitude ten thousand feet, with the mercury at twelve below zero.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading Engine Number 206, narrow gauge, was pushing, or rather failing to push, the old-fashioned box-plow through the crusted drifts on the uptilted shoulder of Plug Mountain, at altitude ten thousand feet, with the mercury at twelve below zero.

FoolnounUS /fuːl/

a person who lacks good judgment

From this reading Author of The Quickening, The Grafters A Fool for Love, etc.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Author of The Quickening, The Grafters A Fool for Love, etc.

FordnounUS /fɔːrd/

United States film maker (1896-1973)

From this reading The cab of the 206 was old and weather-shaken, and Ford pulled the collar of his buffalo coat about his ears when the grunting of the exhaust and the shrilling of the wheels on the snow-shod rails stopped abruptly.

furnounUS /fɜːr/

the dressed hairy coat of a mammal

From this reading There was a wind--the winter day above timber-line without its wind is as rare as a thawing Christmas--and it cut like knives through any garmenting lighter than fur or leather.

Gallagher

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Gar-r-r!" snarled Gallagher, the red-headed Irish engineer, shutting off the steam in impotent rage.

Gar-r-r

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Gar-r-r!" snarled Gallagher, the red-headed Irish engineer, shutting off the steam in impotent rage.

garmenting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was a wind--the winter day above timber-line without its wind is as rare as a thawing Christmas--and it cut like knives through any garmenting lighter than fur or leather.

gaugeverbUS /ɡeɪdʒ/

judge tentatively or form an estimate of (quantities or time)

From this reading Engine Number 206, narrow gauge, was pushing, or rather failing to push, the old-fashioned box-plow through the crusted drifts on the uptilted shoulder of Plug Mountain, at altitude ten thousand feet, with the mercury at twelve below zero.

Grafters

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Author of The Quickening, The Grafters A Fool for Love, etc.

gruntingverbUS /ˈɡrʌntɪŋ/

-ing form of “grunt” — issue a grunting, low, animal-like noise

From this reading The cab of the 206 was old and weather-shaken, and Ford pulled the collar of his buffalo coat about his ears when the grunting of the exhaust and the shrilling of the wheels on the snow-shod rails stopped abruptly.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The cab of the 206 was old and weather-shaken, and Ford pulled the collar of his buffalo coat about his ears when the grunting of the exhaust and the shrilling of the wheels on the snow-shod rails stopped abruptly.

impotentadjectiveUS /ˈɪmpətənt/

lacking power or ability

From this reading "Gar-r-r!" snarled Gallagher, the red-headed Irish engineer, shutting off the steam in impotent rage.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading "Gar-r-r!" snarled Gallagher, the red-headed Irish engineer, shutting off the steam in impotent rage.

IrishnounUS /ˈaɪrɪʃ/

people of Ireland or of Irish extraction

From this reading "Gar-r-r!" snarled Gallagher, the red-headed Irish engineer, shutting off the steam in impotent rage.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There was a wind--the winter day above timber-line without its wind is as rare as a thawing Christmas--and it cut like knives through any garmenting lighter than fur or leather.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading There was a wind--the winter day above timber-line without its wind is as rare as a thawing Christmas--and it cut like knives through any garmenting lighter than fur or leather.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading There was a wind--the winter day above timber-line without its wind is as rare as a thawing Christmas--and it cut like knives through any garmenting lighter than fur or leather.

knivesnounUS /naɪvz/

plural of “knife” — edge tool used as a cutting instrument; has a pointed blade with a sharp edge and a handle

From this reading There was a wind--the winter day above timber-line without its wind is as rare as a thawing Christmas--and it cut like knives through any garmenting lighter than fur or leather.

leathernounUS /ˈleðər/

an animal skin made smooth and flexible by removing the hair and then tanning

From this reading There was a wind--the winter day above timber-line without its wind is as rare as a thawing Christmas--and it cut like knives through any garmenting lighter than fur or leather.

lighternounUS /ˈlaɪtər/

a substance used to ignite or kindle a fire

From this reading There was a wind--the winter day above timber-line without its wind is as rare as a thawing Christmas--and it cut like knives through any garmenting lighter than fur or leather.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading There was a wind--the winter day above timber-line without its wind is as rare as a thawing Christmas--and it cut like knives through any garmenting lighter than fur or leather.

LovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading Author of The Quickening, The Grafters A Fool for Love, etc.

mercurynounUS /ˈmɜːrkjəri/

a heavy silvery toxic univalent and bivalent metallic element; the only metal that is liquid at ordinary temperatures

From this reading Engine Number 206, narrow gauge, was pushing, or rather failing to push, the old-fashioned box-plow through the crusted drifts on the uptilted shoulder of Plug Mountain, at altitude ten thousand feet, with the mercury at twelve below zero.

MountainnounUS /ˈmaʊntən/

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading Engine Number 206, narrow gauge, was pushing, or rather failing to push, the old-fashioned box-plow through the crusted drifts on the uptilted shoulder of Plug Mountain, at altitude ten thousand feet, with the mercury at twelve below zero.

narrowverbUS /ˈneroʊ/

make or become more narrow or restricted

From this reading Engine Number 206, narrow gauge, was pushing, or rather failing to push, the old-fashioned box-plow through the crusted drifts on the uptilted shoulder of Plug Mountain, at altitude ten thousand feet, with the mercury at twelve below zero.

NumbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading Engine Number 206, narrow gauge, was pushing, or rather failing to push, the old-fashioned box-plow through the crusted drifts on the uptilted shoulder of Plug Mountain, at altitude ten thousand feet, with the mercury at twelve below zero.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Author of The Quickening, The Grafters A Fool for Love, etc.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading "Gar-r-r!" snarled Gallagher, the red-headed Irish engineer, shutting off the steam in impotent rage.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The cab of the 206 was old and weather-shaken, and Ford pulled the collar of his buffalo coat about his ears when the grunting of the exhaust and the shrilling of the wheels on the snow-shod rails stopped abruptly.

old-fashionedadjectiveUS /ˌoʊldˈfæʃənd/

out of fashion

From this reading Engine Number 206, narrow gauge, was pushing, or rather failing to push, the old-fashioned box-plow through the crusted drifts on the uptilted shoulder of Plug Mountain, at altitude ten thousand feet, with the mercury at twelve below zero.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Engine Number 206, narrow gauge, was pushing, or rather failing to push, the old-fashioned box-plow through the crusted drifts on the uptilted shoulder of Plug Mountain, at altitude ten thousand feet, with the mercury at twelve below zero.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Engine Number 206, narrow gauge, was pushing, or rather failing to push, the old-fashioned box-plow through the crusted drifts on the uptilted shoulder of Plug Mountain, at altitude ten thousand feet, with the mercury at twelve below zero.

PlugverbUS /plʌɡ/

fill or close tightly with or as if with a plug

From this reading Engine Number 206, narrow gauge, was pushing, or rather failing to push, the old-fashioned box-plow through the crusted drifts on the uptilted shoulder of Plug Mountain, at altitude ten thousand feet, with the mercury at twelve below zero.

pulledverbUS /pʊld/

past form of “pull” — cause to move by pulling

From this reading The cab of the 206 was old and weather-shaken, and Ford pulled the collar of his buffalo coat about his ears when the grunting of the exhaust and the shrilling of the wheels on the snow-shod rails stopped abruptly.

pushverbUS /pʊʃ/

move with force

From this reading Engine Number 206, narrow gauge, was pushing, or rather failing to push, the old-fashioned box-plow through the crusted drifts on the uptilted shoulder of Plug Mountain, at altitude ten thousand feet, with the mercury at twelve below zero.

pushingnounUS /ˈpʊʃɪŋ/

the act of applying force in order to move something away

From this reading Engine Number 206, narrow gauge, was pushing, or rather failing to push, the old-fashioned box-plow through the crusted drifts on the uptilted shoulder of Plug Mountain, at altitude ten thousand feet, with the mercury at twelve below zero.

QuickeningnounUS /ˈkwɪkənɪŋ/

the process of showing signs of life

From this reading Author of The Quickening, The Grafters A Fool for Love, etc.

ragenounUS /reɪdʒ/

a feeling of intense anger

From this reading "Gar-r-r!" snarled Gallagher, the red-headed Irish engineer, shutting off the steam in impotent rage.

railsnounUS /reɪlz/

a bar or pair of parallel bars of rolled steel making the railway along which railroad cars or other vehicles can roll

From this reading The cab of the 206 was old and weather-shaken, and Ford pulled the collar of his buffalo coat about his ears when the grunting of the exhaust and the shrilling of the wheels on the snow-shod rails stopped abruptly.

rareadjectiveUS /rer/

not widely known; especially valued for its uncommonness

From this reading There was a wind--the winter day above timber-line without its wind is as rare as a thawing Christmas--and it cut like knives through any garmenting lighter than fur or leather.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading Engine Number 206, narrow gauge, was pushing, or rather failing to push, the old-fashioned box-plow through the crusted drifts on the uptilted shoulder of Plug Mountain, at altitude ten thousand feet, with the mercury at twelve below zero.

red-headed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Gar-r-r!" snarled Gallagher, the red-headed Irish engineer, shutting off the steam in impotent rage.

shoulderverbUS /ˈʃoʊldər/

lift onto one's shoulders

From this reading Engine Number 206, narrow gauge, was pushing, or rather failing to push, the old-fashioned box-plow through the crusted drifts on the uptilted shoulder of Plug Mountain, at altitude ten thousand feet, with the mercury at twelve below zero.

shrillingnoun

a continuing shrill noise

From this reading The cab of the 206 was old and weather-shaken, and Ford pulled the collar of his buffalo coat about his ears when the grunting of the exhaust and the shrilling of the wheels on the snow-shod rails stopped abruptly.

shuttingnounUS /ˈʃʌtɪŋ/

the act of closing something

From this reading "Gar-r-r!" snarled Gallagher, the red-headed Irish engineer, shutting off the steam in impotent rage.

snarledadjectiveUS /ˈsnɑːrəld/

tangled in knots or snarls

From this reading "Gar-r-r!" snarled Gallagher, the red-headed Irish engineer, shutting off the steam in impotent rage.

snow-shod

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The cab of the 206 was old and weather-shaken, and Ford pulled the collar of his buffalo coat about his ears when the grunting of the exhaust and the shrilling of the wheels on the snow-shod rails stopped abruptly.

steamverbUS /stiːm/

travel by means of steam power

From this reading "Gar-r-r!" snarled Gallagher, the red-headed Irish engineer, shutting off the steam in impotent rage.

stoppedadjectiveUS /stɑːpt/

(of a nose) blocked

From this reading The cab of the 206 was old and weather-shaken, and Ford pulled the collar of his buffalo coat about his ears when the grunting of the exhaust and the shrilling of the wheels on the snow-shod rails stopped abruptly.

tennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading Engine Number 206, narrow gauge, was pushing, or rather failing to push, the old-fashioned box-plow through the crusted drifts on the uptilted shoulder of Plug Mountain, at altitude ten thousand feet, with the mercury at twelve below zero.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading There was a wind--the winter day above timber-line without its wind is as rare as a thawing Christmas--and it cut like knives through any garmenting lighter than fur or leather.

thawingnounUS /ˈθɔːɪŋ/

the process whereby heat changes something from a solid to a liquid

From this reading There was a wind--the winter day above timber-line without its wind is as rare as a thawing Christmas--and it cut like knives through any garmenting lighter than fur or leather.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Author of The Quickening, The Grafters A Fool for Love, etc.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There was a wind--the winter day above timber-line without its wind is as rare as a thawing Christmas--and it cut like knives through any garmenting lighter than fur or leather.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading Engine Number 206, narrow gauge, was pushing, or rather failing to push, the old-fashioned box-plow through the crusted drifts on the uptilted shoulder of Plug Mountain, at altitude ten thousand feet, with the mercury at twelve below zero.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Engine Number 206, narrow gauge, was pushing, or rather failing to push, the old-fashioned box-plow through the crusted drifts on the uptilted shoulder of Plug Mountain, at altitude ten thousand feet, with the mercury at twelve below zero.

timber-line

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was a wind--the winter day above timber-line without its wind is as rare as a thawing Christmas--and it cut like knives through any garmenting lighter than fur or leather.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Engine Number 206, narrow gauge, was pushing, or rather failing to push, the old-fashioned box-plow through the crusted drifts on the uptilted shoulder of Plug Mountain, at altitude ten thousand feet, with the mercury at twelve below zero.

twelvenounUS /twelv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of eleven and one

From this reading Engine Number 206, narrow gauge, was pushing, or rather failing to push, the old-fashioned box-plow through the crusted drifts on the uptilted shoulder of Plug Mountain, at altitude ten thousand feet, with the mercury at twelve below zero.

uptilted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Engine Number 206, narrow gauge, was pushing, or rather failing to push, the old-fashioned box-plow through the crusted drifts on the uptilted shoulder of Plug Mountain, at altitude ten thousand feet, with the mercury at twelve below zero.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Engine Number 206, narrow gauge, was pushing, or rather failing to push, the old-fashioned box-plow through the crusted drifts on the uptilted shoulder of Plug Mountain, at altitude ten thousand feet, with the mercury at twelve below zero.

weather-shaken

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The cab of the 206 was old and weather-shaken, and Ford pulled the collar of his buffalo coat about his ears when the grunting of the exhaust and the shrilling of the wheels on the snow-shod rails stopped abruptly.

wheelsnounUS /wiːlz/

plural of “wheel” — a simple machine consisting of a circular frame with spokes (or a solid disc) that can rotate on a shaft or axle (as in vehicles or other machines)

From this reading The cab of the 206 was old and weather-shaken, and Ford pulled the collar of his buffalo coat about his ears when the grunting of the exhaust and the shrilling of the wheels on the snow-shod rails stopped abruptly.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The cab of the 206 was old and weather-shaken, and Ford pulled the collar of his buffalo coat about his ears when the grunting of the exhaust and the shrilling of the wheels on the snow-shod rails stopped abruptly.

windnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading There was a wind--the winter day above timber-line without its wind is as rare as a thawing Christmas--and it cut like knives through any garmenting lighter than fur or leather.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading There was a wind--the winter day above timber-line without its wind is as rare as a thawing Christmas--and it cut like knives through any garmenting lighter than fur or leather.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Engine Number 206, narrow gauge, was pushing, or rather failing to push, the old-fashioned box-plow through the crusted drifts on the uptilted shoulder of Plug Mountain, at altitude ten thousand feet, with the mercury at twelve below zero.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading There was a wind--the winter day above timber-line without its wind is as rare as a thawing Christmas--and it cut like knives through any garmenting lighter than fur or leather.

zeroadjectiveUS /ˈzɪroʊ/

indicating the absence of any or all units under consideration

From this reading Engine Number 206, narrow gauge, was pushing, or rather failing to push, the old-fashioned box-plow through the crusted drifts on the uptilted shoulder of Plug Mountain, at altitude ten thousand feet, with the mercury at twelve below zero.

Chapter 1 of Empire Builders by Francis Lynde holds 419 sentences, grouped into 84 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Empire Builders contain?

Chapter 1 holds 419 sentences of Empire Builders, unabridged, divided into 84 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Empire Builders by Francis Lynde exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 419 sentences, grouped into 84 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Empire Builders?

Work through the 84 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 84 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Empire Builders

Common questions about reading Empire Builders by Francis Lynde on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Empire Builders?

Yes. All 5002 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #16630 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Empire Builders is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #16630, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Empire Builders take to read?

About 416 minutes of reading across 1001 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Empire Builders section by section

How to work through Empire Builders section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 12 chapters of Empire Builders to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Empire Builders

Words and structures a reader meets early in Empire Builders, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Empire Builders; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Quickening
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Empire Builders; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Grafters
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Empire Builders; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Engine
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Empire Builders; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.