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England, My England
England, My England

Chapter XIII

Cover illustration for England, My England
Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
For months, Mabel had been servantless in the big house, keeping the home together in penury for her ineffectual brothers.
She had kept house for ten years.
But previously, it was with unstinted means.
Then, however brutal and coarse everything was, the sense of money had kept her proud, confident.
The men might be foul-mouthed, the women in the kitchen might have bad reputations, her brothers might have illegitimate children.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

England, My England

Chapter XIII

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
For months, Mabel had been servantless in the big house, keeping the home together in penury for her ineffectual brothers.
Line 2
She had kept house for ten years.
Line 3
But previously, it was with unstinted means.
Line 4
Then, however brutal and coarse everything was, the sense of money had kept her proud, confident.
Line 5
The men might be foul-mouthed, the women in the kitchen might have bad reputations, her brothers might have illegitimate children.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “For months, Mabel had been servantless in the big house, keeping the home together in penury for her ineffectual brothers.”

Everything pronoun US /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading “Then, however brutal and coarse everything was, the sense of money had kept her proud, confident.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “The men might be foul-mouthed, the women in the kitchen might have bad reputations, her brothers might have illegitimate children.”

However adverb US /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading “Then, however brutal and coarse everything was, the sense of money had kept her proud, confident.”

Might modal verb US /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading “The men might be foul-mouthed, the women in the kitchen might have bad reputations, her brothers might have illegitimate children.”

All words in this reading · 50

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Then, however brutal and coarse everything was, the sense of money had kept her proud, confident.

bad

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The men might be foul-mouthed, the women in the kitchen might have bad reputations, her brothers might have illegitimate children.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The men might be foul-mouthed, the women in the kitchen might have bad reputations, her brothers might have illegitimate children.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading For months, Mabel had been servantless in the big house, keeping the home together in penury for her ineffectual brothers.

big

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For months, Mabel had been servantless in the big house, keeping the home together in penury for her ineffectual brothers.

brothers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For months, Mabel had been servantless in the big house, keeping the home together in penury for her ineffectual brothers.

brutal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then, however brutal and coarse everything was, the sense of money had kept her proud, confident.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But previously, it was with unstinted means.

children

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The men might be foul-mouthed, the women in the kitchen might have bad reputations, her brothers might have illegitimate children.

coarse

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then, however brutal and coarse everything was, the sense of money had kept her proud, confident.

confident

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then, however brutal and coarse everything was, the sense of money had kept her proud, confident.

everythingpronounUS /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading Then, however brutal and coarse everything was, the sense of money had kept her proud, confident.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For months, Mabel had been servantless in the big house, keeping the home together in penury for her ineffectual brothers.

foul-mouthed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The men might be foul-mouthed, the women in the kitchen might have bad reputations, her brothers might have illegitimate children.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading For months, Mabel had been servantless in the big house, keeping the home together in penury for her ineffectual brothers.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The men might be foul-mouthed, the women in the kitchen might have bad reputations, her brothers might have illegitimate children.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading For months, Mabel had been servantless in the big house, keeping the home together in penury for her ineffectual brothers.

home

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For months, Mabel had been servantless in the big house, keeping the home together in penury for her ineffectual brothers.

house

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For months, Mabel had been servantless in the big house, keeping the home together in penury for her ineffectual brothers.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading Then, however brutal and coarse everything was, the sense of money had kept her proud, confident.

illegitimate

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The men might be foul-mouthed, the women in the kitchen might have bad reputations, her brothers might have illegitimate children.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading For months, Mabel had been servantless in the big house, keeping the home together in penury for her ineffectual brothers.

ineffectual

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For months, Mabel had been servantless in the big house, keeping the home together in penury for her ineffectual brothers.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading But previously, it was with unstinted means.

keeping

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For months, Mabel had been servantless in the big house, keeping the home together in penury for her ineffectual brothers.

kept

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She had kept house for ten years.

kitchen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The men might be foul-mouthed, the women in the kitchen might have bad reputations, her brothers might have illegitimate children.

Mabel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For months, Mabel had been servantless in the big house, keeping the home together in penury for her ineffectual brothers.

means

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But previously, it was with unstinted means.

men

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The men might be foul-mouthed, the women in the kitchen might have bad reputations, her brothers might have illegitimate children.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading The men might be foul-mouthed, the women in the kitchen might have bad reputations, her brothers might have illegitimate children.

money

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then, however brutal and coarse everything was, the sense of money had kept her proud, confident.

months

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For months, Mabel had been servantless in the big house, keeping the home together in penury for her ineffectual brothers.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Then, however brutal and coarse everything was, the sense of money had kept her proud, confident.

penury

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For months, Mabel had been servantless in the big house, keeping the home together in penury for her ineffectual brothers.

previously

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But previously, it was with unstinted means.

proud

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then, however brutal and coarse everything was, the sense of money had kept her proud, confident.

reputations

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The men might be foul-mouthed, the women in the kitchen might have bad reputations, her brothers might have illegitimate children.

sense

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then, however brutal and coarse everything was, the sense of money had kept her proud, confident.

servantless

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For months, Mabel had been servantless in the big house, keeping the home together in penury for her ineffectual brothers.

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She had kept house for ten years.

ten

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She had kept house for ten years.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading For months, Mabel had been servantless in the big house, keeping the home together in penury for her ineffectual brothers.

Then

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then, however brutal and coarse everything was, the sense of money had kept her proud, confident.

together

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For months, Mabel had been servantless in the big house, keeping the home together in penury for her ineffectual brothers.

unstinted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But previously, it was with unstinted means.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But previously, it was with unstinted means.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading But previously, it was with unstinted means.

women

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The men might be foul-mouthed, the women in the kitchen might have bad reputations, her brothers might have illegitimate children.

years

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She had kept house for ten years.