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English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2)
English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2)

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2) is here in full — 55 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/11 · 5 lines
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NAPOLEON’S PROMOTION--HIS POVERTY--JUNOT’S KINDNESS--REVOLT OF THE SECTIONS--NAPOLEON’S SHARE THEREIN--MADE GENERAL OF THE INTERIOR--INTRODUCTION TO JOSEPHINE--SKETCH OF HER LIFE.
For the capture of Toulon, Bonaparte was speedily promoted; indeed, his superior officer, Dugommier, in his report, said, ‘Reward and advance this young man, otherwise he will find means to advance himself.’
He afterwards joined the army at Nice, and was sent on a secret diplomatic mission to Genoa; on his return from which he was arrested and thrown into prison, where he remained a fortnight before he obtained his release.
He was without any employment during the remainder of 1794, and till the autumn of 1795.
He was then in very poor circumstances financially, and Madame Junot gives a graphic picture of his distress at this time.[24] ‘Bonaparte’s servant informed Mariette that the general was often in want of money;’ but, he added, ‘he has an aide-de-camp who shares with him all he gets.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2)

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2) is here in full — 55 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/11 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
NAPOLEON’S PROMOTION--HIS POVERTY--JUNOT’S KINDNESS--REVOLT OF THE SECTIONS--NAPOLEON’S SHARE THEREIN--MADE GENERAL OF THE INTERIOR--INTRODUCTION TO JOSEPHINE--SKETCH OF HER LIFE.
Line 2
For the capture of Toulon, Bonaparte was speedily promoted; indeed, his superior officer, Dugommier, in his report, said, ‘Reward and advance this young man, otherwise he will find means to advance himself.’
Line 3
He afterwards joined the army at Nice, and was sent on a secret diplomatic mission to Genoa; on his return from which he was arrested and thrown into prison, where he remained a fortnight before he obtained his release.
/hiː ˈæftərwərdz dʒɔɪnd ðə ˈɑːrmi æt naɪs ənd wɑːz sent ɑːn ə ˈsiː.krət ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk ˈmɪʃən tuː ˈdʒenoʊə ɑːn hɪz rɪˈtɜːrn frʌm wɪtʃ hiː wɑːz ərˈestɪd ənd θroʊn ˈɪntuː ˈprɪzən wer hiː rɪˈmeɪnd ə ˈfɔːrtnaɪt bɪˈfɔːr hiː əbˈteɪnd hɪz riˈliːs/
Line 4
He was without any employment during the remainder of 1794, and till the autumn of 1795.
Line 5
He was then in very poor circumstances financially, and Madame Junot gives a graphic picture of his distress at this time.[24] ‘Bonaparte’s servant informed Mariette that the general was often in want of money;’ but, he added, ‘he has an aide-de-camp who shares with him all he gets.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Bonaparte noun US /ˈboʊnəpɑːrt/

French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

From this reading “For the capture of Toulon, Bonaparte was speedily promoted; indeed, his superior officer, Dugommier, in his report, said, ‘Reward and advance this young man, otherwise he will find means to advance himself.’”

Bonaparte's noun US /ˈboʊnəpɑːrts/

possessive form of “bonaparte” — French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

diplomatic adjective US /ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk/

relating to or characteristic of diplomacy

From this reading “He afterwards joined the army at Nice, and was sent on a secret diplomatic mission to Genoa; on his return from which he was arrested and thrown into prison, where he remained a fortnight before he obtained his release.”

financially adverb US /fəˈnænʃəli/

from a financial point of view

From this reading “He was then in very poor circumstances financially, and Madame Junot gives a graphic picture of his distress at this time.[24] ‘Bonaparte’s servant informed Mariette that the general was often in want of money;’ but, he added, ‘he has an aide-de-camp who shares with him all he gets.”

Genoa noun US /ˈdʒenoʊə/

a seaport in northwestern Italy; provincial capital of Liguria

From this reading “He afterwards joined the army at Nice, and was sent on a secret diplomatic mission to Genoa; on his return from which he was arrested and thrown into prison, where he remained a fortnight before he obtained his release.”

graphic adjective US /ˈɡræfɪk/

written or drawn or engraved

From this reading “He was then in very poor circumstances financially, and Madame Junot gives a graphic picture of his distress at this time.[24] ‘Bonaparte’s servant informed Mariette that the general was often in want of money;’ but, he added, ‘he has an aide-de-camp who shares with him all he gets.”

napoleon's noun US /nəˈpoʊliənz/

possessive form of “napoleon” — French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

promoted verb US /prəˈmoʊtɪd/

past form of “promote” — contribute to the progress or growth of

From this reading “For the capture of Toulon, Bonaparte was speedily promoted; indeed, his superior officer, Dugommier, in his report, said, ‘Reward and advance this young man, otherwise he will find means to advance himself.’”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

during the remainder preposition + article + noun counted as “during … remainder”

In this reading “He was without any employment during the remainder of 1794, and till the autumn of 1795.”

superior officer adjective + noun

In this reading “For the capture of Toulon, Bonaparte was speedily promoted; indeed, his superior officer, Dugommier, in his report, said, ‘Reward and advance this young man, otherwise he will find means to advance himself.’”

young man adjective + noun

a teenager or a young adult male

In this reading “For the capture of Toulon, Bonaparte was speedily promoted; indeed, his superior officer, Dugommier, in his report, said, ‘Reward and advance this young man, otherwise he will find means to advance himself.’”

into prison preposition + noun

In this reading “He afterwards joined the army at Nice, and was sent on a secret diplomatic mission to Genoa; on his return from which he was arrested and thrown into prison, where he remained a fortnight before he obtained his release.”

return from verb + particle

In this reading “He afterwards joined the army at Nice, and was sent on a secret diplomatic mission to Genoa; on his return from which he was arrested and thrown into prison, where he remained a fortnight before he obtained his release.”

All words in this reading · 113

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1794

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was without any employment during the remainder of 1794, and till the autumn of 1795.

1795

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was without any employment during the remainder of 1794, and till the autumn of 1795.

24

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was then in very poor circumstances financially, and Madame Junot gives a graphic picture of his distress at this time.[24] ‘Bonaparte’s servant informed Mariette that the general was often in want of money;’ but, he added, ‘he has an aide-de-camp who shares with him all he gets.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He afterwards joined the army at Nice, and was sent on a secret diplomatic mission to Genoa; on his return from which he was arrested and thrown into prison, where he remained a fortnight before he obtained his release.

addedverbUS /ˈædəd/

past form of “add” — make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of

From this reading He was then in very poor circumstances financially, and Madame Junot gives a graphic picture of his distress at this time.[24] ‘Bonaparte’s servant informed Mariette that the general was often in want of money;’ but, he added, ‘he has an aide-de-camp who shares with him all he gets.

advanceverbUS /ədˈvæns/

move forward, also in the metaphorical sense

From this reading For the capture of Toulon, Bonaparte was speedily promoted; indeed, his superior officer, Dugommier, in his report, said, ‘Reward and advance this young man, otherwise he will find means to advance himself.’

afterwardsadverbUS /ˈæftərwərdz/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading He afterwards joined the army at Nice, and was sent on a secret diplomatic mission to Genoa; on his return from which he was arrested and thrown into prison, where he remained a fortnight before he obtained his release.

aide-de-campnoun

an officer who acts as military assistant to a more senior officer

From this reading He was then in very poor circumstances financially, and Madame Junot gives a graphic picture of his distress at this time.[24] ‘Bonaparte’s servant informed Mariette that the general was often in want of money;’ but, he added, ‘he has an aide-de-camp who shares with him all he gets.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading He was then in very poor circumstances financially, and Madame Junot gives a graphic picture of his distress at this time.[24] ‘Bonaparte’s servant informed Mariette that the general was often in want of money;’ but, he added, ‘he has an aide-de-camp who shares with him all he gets.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading He was then in very poor circumstances financially, and Madame Junot gives a graphic picture of his distress at this time.[24] ‘Bonaparte’s servant informed Mariette that the general was often in want of money;’ but, he added, ‘he has an aide-de-camp who shares with him all he gets.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading For the capture of Toulon, Bonaparte was speedily promoted; indeed, his superior officer, Dugommier, in his report, said, ‘Reward and advance this young man, otherwise he will find means to advance himself.’

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading He was without any employment during the remainder of 1794, and till the autumn of 1795.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading He afterwards joined the army at Nice, and was sent on a secret diplomatic mission to Genoa; on his return from which he was arrested and thrown into prison, where he remained a fortnight before he obtained his release.

arrestedverbUS /ərˈestɪd/

past form of “arrest” — take into custody

From this reading He afterwards joined the army at Nice, and was sent on a secret diplomatic mission to Genoa; on his return from which he was arrested and thrown into prison, where he remained a fortnight before he obtained his release.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He afterwards joined the army at Nice, and was sent on a secret diplomatic mission to Genoa; on his return from which he was arrested and thrown into prison, where he remained a fortnight before he obtained his release.

autumnnounUS /ˈɔːtəm/

the season when the leaves fall from the trees

From this reading He was without any employment during the remainder of 1794, and till the autumn of 1795.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading He afterwards joined the army at Nice, and was sent on a secret diplomatic mission to Genoa; on his return from which he was arrested and thrown into prison, where he remained a fortnight before he obtained his release.

BonapartenounUS /ˈboʊnəpɑːrt/

French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

From this reading For the capture of Toulon, Bonaparte was speedily promoted; indeed, his superior officer, Dugommier, in his report, said, ‘Reward and advance this young man, otherwise he will find means to advance himself.’

Bonaparte'snounUS /ˈboʊnəpɑːrts/

possessive form of “bonaparte” — French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

From this reading He was then in very poor circumstances financially, and Madame Junot gives a graphic picture of his distress at this time.[24] ‘Bonaparte’s servant informed Mariette that the general was often in want of money;’ but, he added, ‘he has an aide-de-camp who shares with him all he gets.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He was then in very poor circumstances financially, and Madame Junot gives a graphic picture of his distress at this time.[24] ‘Bonaparte’s servant informed Mariette that the general was often in want of money;’ but, he added, ‘he has an aide-de-camp who shares with him all he gets.

captureverbUS /ˈkæptʃər/

succeed in representing or expressing something intangible

From this reading For the capture of Toulon, Bonaparte was speedily promoted; indeed, his superior officer, Dugommier, in his report, said, ‘Reward and advance this young man, otherwise he will find means to advance himself.’

circumstancesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading He was then in very poor circumstances financially, and Madame Junot gives a graphic picture of his distress at this time.[24] ‘Bonaparte’s servant informed Mariette that the general was often in want of money;’ but, he added, ‘he has an aide-de-camp who shares with him all he gets.

diplomaticadjectiveUS /ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk/

relating to or characteristic of diplomacy

From this reading He afterwards joined the army at Nice, and was sent on a secret diplomatic mission to Genoa; on his return from which he was arrested and thrown into prison, where he remained a fortnight before he obtained his release.

distressnounUS /dɪˈstres/

psychological suffering

From this reading He was then in very poor circumstances financially, and Madame Junot gives a graphic picture of his distress at this time.[24] ‘Bonaparte’s servant informed Mariette that the general was often in want of money;’ but, he added, ‘he has an aide-de-camp who shares with him all he gets.

Dugommier

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the capture of Toulon, Bonaparte was speedily promoted; indeed, his superior officer, Dugommier, in his report, said, ‘Reward and advance this young man, otherwise he will find means to advance himself.’

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading He was without any employment during the remainder of 1794, and till the autumn of 1795.

employmentnounUS /emˈplɔɪmənt/

the state of being employed or having a job

From this reading He was without any employment during the remainder of 1794, and till the autumn of 1795.

financiallyadverbUS /fəˈnænʃəli/

from a financial point of view

From this reading He was then in very poor circumstances financially, and Madame Junot gives a graphic picture of his distress at this time.[24] ‘Bonaparte’s servant informed Mariette that the general was often in want of money;’ but, he added, ‘he has an aide-de-camp who shares with him all he gets.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading For the capture of Toulon, Bonaparte was speedily promoted; indeed, his superior officer, Dugommier, in his report, said, ‘Reward and advance this young man, otherwise he will find means to advance himself.’

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For the capture of Toulon, Bonaparte was speedily promoted; indeed, his superior officer, Dugommier, in his report, said, ‘Reward and advance this young man, otherwise he will find means to advance himself.’

fortnightnounUS /ˈfɔːrtnaɪt/

a period of fourteen consecutive days

From this reading He afterwards joined the army at Nice, and was sent on a secret diplomatic mission to Genoa; on his return from which he was arrested and thrown into prison, where he remained a fortnight before he obtained his release.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading He afterwards joined the army at Nice, and was sent on a secret diplomatic mission to Genoa; on his return from which he was arrested and thrown into prison, where he remained a fortnight before he obtained his release.

GENERALadjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading NAPOLEON’S PROMOTION--HIS POVERTY--JUNOT’S KINDNESS--REVOLT OF THE SECTIONS--NAPOLEON’S SHARE THEREIN--MADE GENERAL OF THE INTERIOR--INTRODUCTION TO JOSEPHINE--SKETCH OF HER LIFE.

GenoanounUS /ˈdʒenoʊə/

a seaport in northwestern Italy; provincial capital of Liguria

From this reading He afterwards joined the army at Nice, and was sent on a secret diplomatic mission to Genoa; on his return from which he was arrested and thrown into prison, where he remained a fortnight before he obtained his release.

getsnounUS /ɡets/

plural of “get” — a return on a shot that seemed impossible to reach and would normally have resulted in a point for the opponent

From this reading He was then in very poor circumstances financially, and Madame Junot gives a graphic picture of his distress at this time.[24] ‘Bonaparte’s servant informed Mariette that the general was often in want of money;’ but, he added, ‘he has an aide-de-camp who shares with him all he gets.

givesnounUS /ɡɪvz/

plural of “give” — the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length

From this reading He was then in very poor circumstances financially, and Madame Junot gives a graphic picture of his distress at this time.[24] ‘Bonaparte’s servant informed Mariette that the general was often in want of money;’ but, he added, ‘he has an aide-de-camp who shares with him all he gets.

graphicadjectiveUS /ˈɡræfɪk/

written or drawn or engraved

From this reading He was then in very poor circumstances financially, and Madame Junot gives a graphic picture of his distress at this time.[24] ‘Bonaparte’s servant informed Mariette that the general was often in want of money;’ but, he added, ‘he has an aide-de-camp who shares with him all he gets.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He was then in very poor circumstances financially, and Madame Junot gives a graphic picture of his distress at this time.[24] ‘Bonaparte’s servant informed Mariette that the general was often in want of money;’ but, he added, ‘he has an aide-de-camp who shares with him all he gets.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading For the capture of Toulon, Bonaparte was speedily promoted; indeed, his superior officer, Dugommier, in his report, said, ‘Reward and advance this young man, otherwise he will find means to advance himself.’

HERdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading NAPOLEON’S PROMOTION--HIS POVERTY--JUNOT’S KINDNESS--REVOLT OF THE SECTIONS--NAPOLEON’S SHARE THEREIN--MADE GENERAL OF THE INTERIOR--INTRODUCTION TO JOSEPHINE--SKETCH OF HER LIFE.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He was then in very poor circumstances financially, and Madame Junot gives a graphic picture of his distress at this time.[24] ‘Bonaparte’s servant informed Mariette that the general was often in want of money;’ but, he added, ‘he has an aide-de-camp who shares with him all he gets.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading For the capture of Toulon, Bonaparte was speedily promoted; indeed, his superior officer, Dugommier, in his report, said, ‘Reward and advance this young man, otherwise he will find means to advance himself.’

HISdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading NAPOLEON’S PROMOTION--HIS POVERTY--JUNOT’S KINDNESS--REVOLT OF THE SECTIONS--NAPOLEON’S SHARE THEREIN--MADE GENERAL OF THE INTERIOR--INTRODUCTION TO JOSEPHINE--SKETCH OF HER LIFE.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading For the capture of Toulon, Bonaparte was speedily promoted; indeed, his superior officer, Dugommier, in his report, said, ‘Reward and advance this young man, otherwise he will find means to advance himself.’

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading For the capture of Toulon, Bonaparte was speedily promoted; indeed, his superior officer, Dugommier, in his report, said, ‘Reward and advance this young man, otherwise he will find means to advance himself.’

informedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈfɔːrmd/

having much knowledge or education

From this reading He was then in very poor circumstances financially, and Madame Junot gives a graphic picture of his distress at this time.[24] ‘Bonaparte’s servant informed Mariette that the general was often in want of money;’ but, he added, ‘he has an aide-de-camp who shares with him all he gets.

INTERIORadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtɪriər/

situated within or suitable for inside a building

From this reading NAPOLEON’S PROMOTION--HIS POVERTY--JUNOT’S KINDNESS--REVOLT OF THE SECTIONS--NAPOLEON’S SHARE THEREIN--MADE GENERAL OF THE INTERIOR--INTRODUCTION TO JOSEPHINE--SKETCH OF HER LIFE.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading He afterwards joined the army at Nice, and was sent on a secret diplomatic mission to Genoa; on his return from which he was arrested and thrown into prison, where he remained a fortnight before he obtained his release.

INTRODUCTIONnounUS /ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən/

the act of beginning something new

From this reading NAPOLEON’S PROMOTION--HIS POVERTY--JUNOT’S KINDNESS--REVOLT OF THE SECTIONS--NAPOLEON’S SHARE THEREIN--MADE GENERAL OF THE INTERIOR--INTRODUCTION TO JOSEPHINE--SKETCH OF HER LIFE.

joinedadjectiveUS /dʒɔɪnd/

of or relating to two people who are married to each other

From this reading He afterwards joined the army at Nice, and was sent on a secret diplomatic mission to Genoa; on his return from which he was arrested and thrown into prison, where he remained a fortnight before he obtained his release.

JOSEPHINE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading NAPOLEON’S PROMOTION--HIS POVERTY--JUNOT’S KINDNESS--REVOLT OF THE SECTIONS--NAPOLEON’S SHARE THEREIN--MADE GENERAL OF THE INTERIOR--INTRODUCTION TO JOSEPHINE--SKETCH OF HER LIFE.

Junot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was then in very poor circumstances financially, and Madame Junot gives a graphic picture of his distress at this time.[24] ‘Bonaparte’s servant informed Mariette that the general was often in want of money;’ but, he added, ‘he has an aide-de-camp who shares with him all he gets.

JUNOT'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading NAPOLEON’S PROMOTION--HIS POVERTY--JUNOT’S KINDNESS--REVOLT OF THE SECTIONS--NAPOLEON’S SHARE THEREIN--MADE GENERAL OF THE INTERIOR--INTRODUCTION TO JOSEPHINE--SKETCH OF HER LIFE.

KINDNESSnounUS /ˈkaɪndnəs/

the quality of being warmhearted and considerate and humane and sympathetic

From this reading NAPOLEON’S PROMOTION--HIS POVERTY--JUNOT’S KINDNESS--REVOLT OF THE SECTIONS--NAPOLEON’S SHARE THEREIN--MADE GENERAL OF THE INTERIOR--INTRODUCTION TO JOSEPHINE--SKETCH OF HER LIFE.

LIFEnounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading NAPOLEON’S PROMOTION--HIS POVERTY--JUNOT’S KINDNESS--REVOLT OF THE SECTIONS--NAPOLEON’S SHARE THEREIN--MADE GENERAL OF THE INTERIOR--INTRODUCTION TO JOSEPHINE--SKETCH OF HER LIFE.

MadamenounUS /ˈmædəm/

title used for a married Frenchwoman

From this reading He was then in very poor circumstances financially, and Madame Junot gives a graphic picture of his distress at this time.[24] ‘Bonaparte’s servant informed Mariette that the general was often in want of money;’ but, he added, ‘he has an aide-de-camp who shares with him all he gets.

MADEadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading NAPOLEON’S PROMOTION--HIS POVERTY--JUNOT’S KINDNESS--REVOLT OF THE SECTIONS--NAPOLEON’S SHARE THEREIN--MADE GENERAL OF THE INTERIOR--INTRODUCTION TO JOSEPHINE--SKETCH OF HER LIFE.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading For the capture of Toulon, Bonaparte was speedily promoted; indeed, his superior officer, Dugommier, in his report, said, ‘Reward and advance this young man, otherwise he will find means to advance himself.’

Mariette

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was then in very poor circumstances financially, and Madame Junot gives a graphic picture of his distress at this time.[24] ‘Bonaparte’s servant informed Mariette that the general was often in want of money;’ but, he added, ‘he has an aide-de-camp who shares with him all he gets.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading For the capture of Toulon, Bonaparte was speedily promoted; indeed, his superior officer, Dugommier, in his report, said, ‘Reward and advance this young man, otherwise he will find means to advance himself.’

missionnounUS /ˈmɪʃən/

an organization of missionaries in a foreign land sent to carry on religious work

From this reading He afterwards joined the army at Nice, and was sent on a secret diplomatic mission to Genoa; on his return from which he was arrested and thrown into prison, where he remained a fortnight before he obtained his release.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading He was then in very poor circumstances financially, and Madame Junot gives a graphic picture of his distress at this time.[24] ‘Bonaparte’s servant informed Mariette that the general was often in want of money;’ but, he added, ‘he has an aide-de-camp who shares with him all he gets.

NAPOLEON'SnounUS /nəˈpoʊliənz/

possessive form of “napoleon” — French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

From this reading NAPOLEON’S PROMOTION--HIS POVERTY--JUNOT’S KINDNESS--REVOLT OF THE SECTIONS--NAPOLEON’S SHARE THEREIN--MADE GENERAL OF THE INTERIOR--INTRODUCTION TO JOSEPHINE--SKETCH OF HER LIFE.

NiceadjectiveUS /naɪs/

pleasant or pleasing or agreeable in nature or appearance

From this reading He afterwards joined the army at Nice, and was sent on a secret diplomatic mission to Genoa; on his return from which he was arrested and thrown into prison, where he remained a fortnight before he obtained his release.

obtainedverbUS /əbˈteɪnd/

past form of “obtain” — come into possession of

From this reading He afterwards joined the army at Nice, and was sent on a secret diplomatic mission to Genoa; on his return from which he was arrested and thrown into prison, where he remained a fortnight before he obtained his release.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading NAPOLEON’S PROMOTION--HIS POVERTY--JUNOT’S KINDNESS--REVOLT OF THE SECTIONS--NAPOLEON’S SHARE THEREIN--MADE GENERAL OF THE INTERIOR--INTRODUCTION TO JOSEPHINE--SKETCH OF HER LIFE.

officernounUS /ˈɔːfəsər/

any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading For the capture of Toulon, Bonaparte was speedily promoted; indeed, his superior officer, Dugommier, in his report, said, ‘Reward and advance this young man, otherwise he will find means to advance himself.’

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading He was then in very poor circumstances financially, and Madame Junot gives a graphic picture of his distress at this time.[24] ‘Bonaparte’s servant informed Mariette that the general was often in want of money;’ but, he added, ‘he has an aide-de-camp who shares with him all he gets.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading He afterwards joined the army at Nice, and was sent on a secret diplomatic mission to Genoa; on his return from which he was arrested and thrown into prison, where he remained a fortnight before he obtained his release.

otherwiseadverbUS /ˈʌðərwaɪz/

in other respects or ways

From this reading For the capture of Toulon, Bonaparte was speedily promoted; indeed, his superior officer, Dugommier, in his report, said, ‘Reward and advance this young man, otherwise he will find means to advance himself.’

picturenounUS /ˈpɪktʃər/

a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface

From this reading He was then in very poor circumstances financially, and Madame Junot gives a graphic picture of his distress at this time.[24] ‘Bonaparte’s servant informed Mariette that the general was often in want of money;’ but, he added, ‘he has an aide-de-camp who shares with him all he gets.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading He was then in very poor circumstances financially, and Madame Junot gives a graphic picture of his distress at this time.[24] ‘Bonaparte’s servant informed Mariette that the general was often in want of money;’ but, he added, ‘he has an aide-de-camp who shares with him all he gets.

POVERTYnounUS /ˈpɑːvərti/

the state of having little or no money and few or no material possessions

From this reading NAPOLEON’S PROMOTION--HIS POVERTY--JUNOT’S KINDNESS--REVOLT OF THE SECTIONS--NAPOLEON’S SHARE THEREIN--MADE GENERAL OF THE INTERIOR--INTRODUCTION TO JOSEPHINE--SKETCH OF HER LIFE.

prisonnounUS /ˈprɪzən/

a correctional institution where persons are confined while on trial or for punishment

From this reading He afterwards joined the army at Nice, and was sent on a secret diplomatic mission to Genoa; on his return from which he was arrested and thrown into prison, where he remained a fortnight before he obtained his release.

promotedverbUS /prəˈmoʊtɪd/

past form of “promote” — contribute to the progress or growth of

From this reading For the capture of Toulon, Bonaparte was speedily promoted; indeed, his superior officer, Dugommier, in his report, said, ‘Reward and advance this young man, otherwise he will find means to advance himself.’

PROMOTIONnounUS /prəˈmoʊʃən/

a message issued in behalf of some product or cause or idea or person or institution

From this reading NAPOLEON’S PROMOTION--HIS POVERTY--JUNOT’S KINDNESS--REVOLT OF THE SECTIONS--NAPOLEON’S SHARE THEREIN--MADE GENERAL OF THE INTERIOR--INTRODUCTION TO JOSEPHINE--SKETCH OF HER LIFE.

releaseverbUS /riˈliːs/

release, as from one's grip

From this reading He afterwards joined the army at Nice, and was sent on a secret diplomatic mission to Genoa; on his return from which he was arrested and thrown into prison, where he remained a fortnight before he obtained his release.

remaindernounUS /rɪˈmeɪndər/

something left after other parts have been taken away

From this reading He was without any employment during the remainder of 1794, and till the autumn of 1795.

remainedverbUS /rɪˈmeɪnd/

past form of “remain” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading He afterwards joined the army at Nice, and was sent on a secret diplomatic mission to Genoa; on his return from which he was arrested and thrown into prison, where he remained a fortnight before he obtained his release.

reportverbUS /riˈpɔːrt/

to give an account or representation of in words

From this reading For the capture of Toulon, Bonaparte was speedily promoted; indeed, his superior officer, Dugommier, in his report, said, ‘Reward and advance this young man, otherwise he will find means to advance himself.’

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading He afterwards joined the army at Nice, and was sent on a secret diplomatic mission to Genoa; on his return from which he was arrested and thrown into prison, where he remained a fortnight before he obtained his release.

REVOLTnounUS /rɪˈvoʊlt/

organized opposition to authority; a conflict in which one faction tries to wrest control from another

From this reading NAPOLEON’S PROMOTION--HIS POVERTY--JUNOT’S KINDNESS--REVOLT OF THE SECTIONS--NAPOLEON’S SHARE THEREIN--MADE GENERAL OF THE INTERIOR--INTRODUCTION TO JOSEPHINE--SKETCH OF HER LIFE.

RewardnounUS /rɪˈwɔːrd/

a recompense for worthy acts or retribution for wrongdoing

From this reading For the capture of Toulon, Bonaparte was speedily promoted; indeed, his superior officer, Dugommier, in his report, said, ‘Reward and advance this young man, otherwise he will find means to advance himself.’

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading For the capture of Toulon, Bonaparte was speedily promoted; indeed, his superior officer, Dugommier, in his report, said, ‘Reward and advance this young man, otherwise he will find means to advance himself.’

secretnounUS /ˈsiː.krət/

Something that is kept or meant to be kept unknown or unseen by others.

From this reading He afterwards joined the army at Nice, and was sent on a secret diplomatic mission to Genoa; on his return from which he was arrested and thrown into prison, where he remained a fortnight before he obtained his release.

SECTIONSnounUS /ˈsekʃənz/

plural of “section” — a self-contained part of a larger composition (written or musical)

From this reading NAPOLEON’S PROMOTION--HIS POVERTY--JUNOT’S KINDNESS--REVOLT OF THE SECTIONS--NAPOLEON’S SHARE THEREIN--MADE GENERAL OF THE INTERIOR--INTRODUCTION TO JOSEPHINE--SKETCH OF HER LIFE.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading He afterwards joined the army at Nice, and was sent on a secret diplomatic mission to Genoa; on his return from which he was arrested and thrown into prison, where he remained a fortnight before he obtained his release.

servantnounUS /ˈsɜːrvənt/

a person working in the service of another (especially in the household)

From this reading He was then in very poor circumstances financially, and Madame Junot gives a graphic picture of his distress at this time.[24] ‘Bonaparte’s servant informed Mariette that the general was often in want of money;’ but, he added, ‘he has an aide-de-camp who shares with him all he gets.

SHAREverbUS /ʃer/

have in common

From this reading NAPOLEON’S PROMOTION--HIS POVERTY--JUNOT’S KINDNESS--REVOLT OF THE SECTIONS--NAPOLEON’S SHARE THEREIN--MADE GENERAL OF THE INTERIOR--INTRODUCTION TO JOSEPHINE--SKETCH OF HER LIFE.

sharesnounUS /ʃerz/

plural of “share” — assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group

From this reading He was then in very poor circumstances financially, and Madame Junot gives a graphic picture of his distress at this time.[24] ‘Bonaparte’s servant informed Mariette that the general was often in want of money;’ but, he added, ‘he has an aide-de-camp who shares with him all he gets.

SKETCHnounUS /sketʃ/

preliminary drawing for later elaboration

From this reading NAPOLEON’S PROMOTION--HIS POVERTY--JUNOT’S KINDNESS--REVOLT OF THE SECTIONS--NAPOLEON’S SHARE THEREIN--MADE GENERAL OF THE INTERIOR--INTRODUCTION TO JOSEPHINE--SKETCH OF HER LIFE.

speedilyadverbUS /ˈspiːdəli/

with speed

From this reading For the capture of Toulon, Bonaparte was speedily promoted; indeed, his superior officer, Dugommier, in his report, said, ‘Reward and advance this young man, otherwise he will find means to advance himself.’

superioradjectiveUS /suːˈpɪriər/

of high or superior quality or performance

From this reading For the capture of Toulon, Bonaparte was speedily promoted; indeed, his superior officer, Dugommier, in his report, said, ‘Reward and advance this young man, otherwise he will find means to advance himself.’

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He was then in very poor circumstances financially, and Madame Junot gives a graphic picture of his distress at this time.[24] ‘Bonaparte’s servant informed Mariette that the general was often in want of money;’ but, he added, ‘he has an aide-de-camp who shares with him all he gets.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading NAPOLEON’S PROMOTION--HIS POVERTY--JUNOT’S KINDNESS--REVOLT OF THE SECTIONS--NAPOLEON’S SHARE THEREIN--MADE GENERAL OF THE INTERIOR--INTRODUCTION TO JOSEPHINE--SKETCH OF HER LIFE.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading He was then in very poor circumstances financially, and Madame Junot gives a graphic picture of his distress at this time.[24] ‘Bonaparte’s servant informed Mariette that the general was often in want of money;’ but, he added, ‘he has an aide-de-camp who shares with him all he gets.

THEREINadverbUS /ðeˈrɪn/

(formal) in or into that thing or place

From this reading NAPOLEON’S PROMOTION--HIS POVERTY--JUNOT’S KINDNESS--REVOLT OF THE SECTIONS--NAPOLEON’S SHARE THEREIN--MADE GENERAL OF THE INTERIOR--INTRODUCTION TO JOSEPHINE--SKETCH OF HER LIFE.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading For the capture of Toulon, Bonaparte was speedily promoted; indeed, his superior officer, Dugommier, in his report, said, ‘Reward and advance this young man, otherwise he will find means to advance himself.’

thrownadjectiveUS /θroʊn/

caused to fall to the ground

From this reading He afterwards joined the army at Nice, and was sent on a secret diplomatic mission to Genoa; on his return from which he was arrested and thrown into prison, where he remained a fortnight before he obtained his release.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading He was without any employment during the remainder of 1794, and till the autumn of 1795.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading He was then in very poor circumstances financially, and Madame Junot gives a graphic picture of his distress at this time.[24] ‘Bonaparte’s servant informed Mariette that the general was often in want of money;’ but, he added, ‘he has an aide-de-camp who shares with him all he gets.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading NAPOLEON’S PROMOTION--HIS POVERTY--JUNOT’S KINDNESS--REVOLT OF THE SECTIONS--NAPOLEON’S SHARE THEREIN--MADE GENERAL OF THE INTERIOR--INTRODUCTION TO JOSEPHINE--SKETCH OF HER LIFE.

Toulonnoun

a port city and naval base in southeastern France on the Mediterranean coast

From this reading For the capture of Toulon, Bonaparte was speedily promoted; indeed, his superior officer, Dugommier, in his report, said, ‘Reward and advance this young man, otherwise he will find means to advance himself.’

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading He was then in very poor circumstances financially, and Madame Junot gives a graphic picture of his distress at this time.[24] ‘Bonaparte’s servant informed Mariette that the general was often in want of money;’ but, he added, ‘he has an aide-de-camp who shares with him all he gets.

wantverbUS /wɑːnt/

feel or have a desire for; want strongly

From this reading He was then in very poor circumstances financially, and Madame Junot gives a graphic picture of his distress at this time.[24] ‘Bonaparte’s servant informed Mariette that the general was often in want of money;’ but, he added, ‘he has an aide-de-camp who shares with him all he gets.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading For the capture of Toulon, Bonaparte was speedily promoted; indeed, his superior officer, Dugommier, in his report, said, ‘Reward and advance this young man, otherwise he will find means to advance himself.’

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading He afterwards joined the army at Nice, and was sent on a secret diplomatic mission to Genoa; on his return from which he was arrested and thrown into prison, where he remained a fortnight before he obtained his release.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He afterwards joined the army at Nice, and was sent on a secret diplomatic mission to Genoa; on his return from which he was arrested and thrown into prison, where he remained a fortnight before he obtained his release.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading He was then in very poor circumstances financially, and Madame Junot gives a graphic picture of his distress at this time.[24] ‘Bonaparte’s servant informed Mariette that the general was often in want of money;’ but, he added, ‘he has an aide-de-camp who shares with him all he gets.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading For the capture of Toulon, Bonaparte was speedily promoted; indeed, his superior officer, Dugommier, in his report, said, ‘Reward and advance this young man, otherwise he will find means to advance himself.’

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He was then in very poor circumstances financially, and Madame Junot gives a graphic picture of his distress at this time.[24] ‘Bonaparte’s servant informed Mariette that the general was often in want of money;’ but, he added, ‘he has an aide-de-camp who shares with him all he gets.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading He was without any employment during the remainder of 1794, and till the autumn of 1795.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading For the capture of Toulon, Bonaparte was speedily promoted; indeed, his superior officer, Dugommier, in his report, said, ‘Reward and advance this young man, otherwise he will find means to advance himself.’

Chapter 5 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2) by John Ashton holds 55 sentences, grouped into 11 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2) contain?

Chapter 5 holds 55 sentences of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2), unabridged, divided into 11 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2) by John Ashton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 55 sentences, grouped into 11 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2)?

Work through the 11 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 11 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Vocabulary met early in English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2)

Words and structures a reader meets early in English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Superscripted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Characters
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Preceded
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Caret
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.