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English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2)
English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2)

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2) is here in full — 53 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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NAPOLEON DESPOILS ITALY OF HER WORKS OF ART--THE SIEGE OF MANTUA--WÜRMSER’S SURRENDER--EARLIEST ENGLISH CARICATURE OF NAPOLEON--INVASION OF ENGLAND--LANDING IN PEMBROKESHIRE--NELSON’S RECEIPT TO MAKE AN OLLA PODRIDA--‘THE ARMY OF ENGLAND.’
Such a subject as the spoliation of Italian works of art was not likely to go a-begging among caricaturists, so George Cruikshank illustrated the poet Combe.
As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.
At his desire, the precious heaps came, (It was indeed a very deep scheme), Loretta’s statues so pleased Boney, They instantly packed up _Madona_: These relics then, without delay, To Paris Boney sent away; And there they formed an exhibition As proof of Papal superstition.
At the siege of Mantua, Würmser sent his aide-de-camp Klenau to Napoleon to treat for terms of peace.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2)

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2) is here in full — 53 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/10 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
NAPOLEON DESPOILS ITALY OF HER WORKS OF ART--THE SIEGE OF MANTUA--WÜRMSER’S SURRENDER--EARLIEST ENGLISH CARICATURE OF NAPOLEON--INVASION OF ENGLAND--LANDING IN PEMBROKESHIRE--NELSON’S RECEIPT TO MAKE AN OLLA PODRIDA--‘THE ARMY OF ENGLAND.’
Line 2
Such a subject as the spoliation of Italian works of art was not likely to go a-begging among caricaturists, so George Cruikshank illustrated the poet Combe.
Line 3
As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.
Line 4
At his desire, the precious heaps came, (It was indeed a very deep scheme), Loretta’s statues so pleased Boney, They instantly packed up _Madona_: These relics then, without delay, To Paris Boney sent away; And there they formed an exhibition As proof of Papal superstition.
Line 5
At the siege of Mantua, Würmser sent his aide-de-camp Klenau to Napoleon to treat for terms of peace.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Boney adjective US /ˈboʊni/

having bones especially many or prominent bones

From this reading “At his desire, the precious heaps came, (It was indeed a very deep scheme), Loretta’s statues so pleased Boney, They instantly packed up _Madona_: These relics then, without delay, To Paris Boney sent away; And there they formed an exhibition As proof of Papal superstition.”

caricature verb US /ˈkerəkətʃər/

represent in or produce a caricature of

From this reading “NAPOLEON DESPOILS ITALY OF HER WORKS OF ART--THE SIEGE OF MANTUA--WÜRMSER’S SURRENDER--EARLIEST ENGLISH CARICATURE OF NAPOLEON--INVASION OF ENGLAND--LANDING IN PEMBROKESHIRE--NELSON’S RECEIPT TO MAKE AN OLLA PODRIDA--‘THE ARMY OF ENGLAND.’”

exactions noun US /ɪɡˈzækʃənz/

plural of “exaction” — act of demanding or levying by force or authority

From this reading “As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.”

lengths noun US /leŋkθs/

plural of “length” — the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place

From this reading “As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.”

mantua noun US /ˈmæntʃuːə/

loose gown of the 17th and 18th centuries

From this reading “NAPOLEON DESPOILS ITALY OF HER WORKS OF ART--THE SIEGE OF MANTUA--WÜRMSER’S SURRENDER--EARLIEST ENGLISH CARICATURE OF NAPOLEON--INVASION OF ENGLAND--LANDING IN PEMBROKESHIRE--NELSON’S RECEIPT TO MAKE AN OLLA PODRIDA--‘THE ARMY OF ENGLAND.’”

nelson's noun US /ˈnelsənz/

possessive form of “nelson” — English admiral who defeated the French fleets of Napoleon but was mortally wounded at Trafalgar (1758-1805)

paintings noun US /ˈpeɪntɪŋz/

plural of “painting” — graphic art consisting of an artistic composition made by applying paints to a surface

From this reading “As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.”

Papal adjective US /ˈpeɪpəl/

proceeding from or ordered by or subject to a pope or the papacy regarded as the successor of the Apostles

From this reading “At his desire, the precious heaps came, (It was indeed a very deep scheme), Loretta’s statues so pleased Boney, They instantly packed up _Madona_: These relics then, without delay, To Paris Boney sent away; And there they formed an exhibition As proof of Papal superstition.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

twenty millions noun + noun counted as “twenty million”

In this reading “As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.”

All words in this reading · 131

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Such a subject as the spoliation of Italian works of art was not likely to go a-begging among caricaturists, so George Cruikshank illustrated the poet Combe.

a-begging

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Such a subject as the spoliation of Italian works of art was not likely to go a-begging among caricaturists, so George Cruikshank illustrated the poet Combe.

aide-de-campnoun

an officer who acts as military assistant to a more senior officer

From this reading At the siege of Mantua, Würmser sent his aide-de-camp Klenau to Napoleon to treat for terms of peace.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Such a subject as the spoliation of Italian works of art was not likely to go a-begging among caricaturists, so George Cruikshank illustrated the poet Combe.

ANdeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading NAPOLEON DESPOILS ITALY OF HER WORKS OF ART--THE SIEGE OF MANTUA--WÜRMSER’S SURRENDER--EARLIEST ENGLISH CARICATURE OF NAPOLEON--INVASION OF ENGLAND--LANDING IN PEMBROKESHIRE--NELSON’S RECEIPT TO MAKE AN OLLA PODRIDA--‘THE ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

ARMYnounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading NAPOLEON DESPOILS ITALY OF HER WORKS OF ART--THE SIEGE OF MANTUA--WÜRMSER’S SURRENDER--EARLIEST ENGLISH CARICATURE OF NAPOLEON--INVASION OF ENGLAND--LANDING IN PEMBROKESHIRE--NELSON’S RECEIPT TO MAKE AN OLLA PODRIDA--‘THE ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

ARTauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading NAPOLEON DESPOILS ITALY OF HER WORKS OF ART--THE SIEGE OF MANTUA--WÜRMSER’S SURRENDER--EARLIEST ENGLISH CARICATURE OF NAPOLEON--INVASION OF ENGLAND--LANDING IN PEMBROKESHIRE--NELSON’S RECEIPT TO MAKE AN OLLA PODRIDA--‘THE ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Such a subject as the spoliation of Italian works of art was not likely to go a-begging among caricaturists, so George Cruikshank illustrated the poet Combe.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At his desire, the precious heaps came, (It was indeed a very deep scheme), Loretta’s statues so pleased Boney, They instantly packed up _Madona_: These relics then, without delay, To Paris Boney sent away; And there they formed an exhibition As proof of Papal superstition.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading At his desire, the precious heaps came, (It was indeed a very deep scheme), Loretta’s statues so pleased Boney, They instantly packed up _Madona_: These relics then, without delay, To Paris Boney sent away; And there they formed an exhibition As proof of Papal superstition.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

BoneyadjectiveUS /ˈboʊni/

having bones especially many or prominent bones

From this reading At his desire, the precious heaps came, (It was indeed a very deep scheme), Loretta’s statues so pleased Boney, They instantly packed up _Madona_: These relics then, without delay, To Paris Boney sent away; And there they formed an exhibition As proof of Papal superstition.

boundadjectiveUS /baʊnd/

confined by bonds

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading At his desire, the precious heaps came, (It was indeed a very deep scheme), Loretta’s statues so pleased Boney, They instantly packed up _Madona_: These relics then, without delay, To Paris Boney sent away; And there they formed an exhibition As proof of Papal superstition.

CARICATUREverbUS /ˈkerəkətʃər/

represent in or produce a caricature of

From this reading NAPOLEON DESPOILS ITALY OF HER WORKS OF ART--THE SIEGE OF MANTUA--WÜRMSER’S SURRENDER--EARLIEST ENGLISH CARICATURE OF NAPOLEON--INVASION OF ENGLAND--LANDING IN PEMBROKESHIRE--NELSON’S RECEIPT TO MAKE AN OLLA PODRIDA--‘THE ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

caricaturists

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Such a subject as the spoliation of Italian works of art was not likely to go a-begging among caricaturists, so George Cruikshank illustrated the poet Combe.

claim'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

Combe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Such a subject as the spoliation of Italian works of art was not likely to go a-begging among caricaturists, so George Cruikshank illustrated the poet Combe.

contentnounUS /ˈkɑːntent/

(usually plural) everything that is included in a collection and that is held or included in something

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

Cruikshank

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Such a subject as the spoliation of Italian works of art was not likely to go a-begging among caricaturists, so George Cruikshank illustrated the poet Combe.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading At his desire, the precious heaps came, (It was indeed a very deep scheme), Loretta’s statues so pleased Boney, They instantly packed up _Madona_: These relics then, without delay, To Paris Boney sent away; And there they formed an exhibition As proof of Papal superstition.

delayverbUS /dɪˈleɪ/

cause to be slowed down or delayed

From this reading At his desire, the precious heaps came, (It was indeed a very deep scheme), Loretta’s statues so pleased Boney, They instantly packed up _Madona_: These relics then, without delay, To Paris Boney sent away; And there they formed an exhibition As proof of Papal superstition.

demandnounUS /dɪˈmænd/

an urgent or peremptory request

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

desirenounUS /dɪˈzaɪər/

the feeling that accompanies an unsatisfied state

From this reading At his desire, the precious heaps came, (It was indeed a very deep scheme), Loretta’s statues so pleased Boney, They instantly packed up _Madona_: These relics then, without delay, To Paris Boney sent away; And there they formed an exhibition As proof of Papal superstition.

DESPOILS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading NAPOLEON DESPOILS ITALY OF HER WORKS OF ART--THE SIEGE OF MANTUA--WÜRMSER’S SURRENDER--EARLIEST ENGLISH CARICATURE OF NAPOLEON--INVASION OF ENGLAND--LANDING IN PEMBROKESHIRE--NELSON’S RECEIPT TO MAKE AN OLLA PODRIDA--‘THE ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

EARLIESTadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrliəst/

(comparative and superlative of “early”) more early than; most early

From this reading NAPOLEON DESPOILS ITALY OF HER WORKS OF ART--THE SIEGE OF MANTUA--WÜRMSER’S SURRENDER--EARLIEST ENGLISH CARICATURE OF NAPOLEON--INVASION OF ENGLAND--LANDING IN PEMBROKESHIRE--NELSON’S RECEIPT TO MAKE AN OLLA PODRIDA--‘THE ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

ENGLANDnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading NAPOLEON DESPOILS ITALY OF HER WORKS OF ART--THE SIEGE OF MANTUA--WÜRMSER’S SURRENDER--EARLIEST ENGLISH CARICATURE OF NAPOLEON--INVASION OF ENGLAND--LANDING IN PEMBROKESHIRE--NELSON’S RECEIPT TO MAKE AN OLLA PODRIDA--‘THE ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

ENGLISHnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading NAPOLEON DESPOILS ITALY OF HER WORKS OF ART--THE SIEGE OF MANTUA--WÜRMSER’S SURRENDER--EARLIEST ENGLISH CARICATURE OF NAPOLEON--INVASION OF ENGLAND--LANDING IN PEMBROKESHIRE--NELSON’S RECEIPT TO MAKE AN OLLA PODRIDA--‘THE ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

exactionsnounUS /ɪɡˈzækʃənz/

plural of “exaction” — act of demanding or levying by force or authority

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

exhibitionnounUS /ˌeksəˈbɪʃən/

the act of exhibiting

From this reading At his desire, the precious heaps came, (It was indeed a very deep scheme), Loretta’s statues so pleased Boney, They instantly packed up _Madona_: These relics then, without delay, To Paris Boney sent away; And there they formed an exhibition As proof of Papal superstition.

extortions

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

fam'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading At his desire, the precious heaps came, (It was indeed a very deep scheme), Loretta’s statues so pleased Boney, They instantly packed up _Madona_: These relics then, without delay, To Paris Boney sent away; And there they formed an exhibition As proof of Papal superstition.

furtheradverbUS /ˈfɜːrðər/

to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (“further” is used more often than “farther” in this abstract sense)

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

GeorgenounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading Such a subject as the spoliation of Italian works of art was not likely to go a-begging among caricaturists, so George Cruikshank illustrated the poet Combe.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Such a subject as the spoliation of Italian works of art was not likely to go a-begging among caricaturists, so George Cruikshank illustrated the poet Combe.

heapsnounUS /hiːps/

a large number or amount

From this reading At his desire, the precious heaps came, (It was indeed a very deep scheme), Loretta’s statues so pleased Boney, They instantly packed up _Madona_: These relics then, without delay, To Paris Boney sent away; And there they formed an exhibition As proof of Papal superstition.

HERdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading NAPOLEON DESPOILS ITALY OF HER WORKS OF ART--THE SIEGE OF MANTUA--WÜRMSER’S SURRENDER--EARLIEST ENGLISH CARICATURE OF NAPOLEON--INVASION OF ENGLAND--LANDING IN PEMBROKESHIRE--NELSON’S RECEIPT TO MAKE AN OLLA PODRIDA--‘THE ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

heronounUS /ˈhɪroʊ/

a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

illustratedverbUS /ˈɪləstreɪtəd/

past form of “illustrate” — clarify by giving an example of

From this reading Such a subject as the spoliation of Italian works of art was not likely to go a-begging among caricaturists, so George Cruikshank illustrated the poet Combe.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading NAPOLEON DESPOILS ITALY OF HER WORKS OF ART--THE SIEGE OF MANTUA--WÜRMSER’S SURRENDER--EARLIEST ENGLISH CARICATURE OF NAPOLEON--INVASION OF ENGLAND--LANDING IN PEMBROKESHIRE--NELSON’S RECEIPT TO MAKE AN OLLA PODRIDA--‘THE ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading At his desire, the precious heaps came, (It was indeed a very deep scheme), Loretta’s statues so pleased Boney, They instantly packed up _Madona_: These relics then, without delay, To Paris Boney sent away; And there they formed an exhibition As proof of Papal superstition.

instantlyadverbUS /ˈɪnstəntli/

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

From this reading At his desire, the precious heaps came, (It was indeed a very deep scheme), Loretta’s statues so pleased Boney, They instantly packed up _Madona_: These relics then, without delay, To Paris Boney sent away; And there they formed an exhibition As proof of Papal superstition.

INVASIONnounUS /ˌɪnˈveɪʒən/

the act of invading; the act of an army that invades for conquest or plunder

From this reading NAPOLEON DESPOILS ITALY OF HER WORKS OF ART--THE SIEGE OF MANTUA--WÜRMSER’S SURRENDER--EARLIEST ENGLISH CARICATURE OF NAPOLEON--INVASION OF ENGLAND--LANDING IN PEMBROKESHIRE--NELSON’S RECEIPT TO MAKE AN OLLA PODRIDA--‘THE ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading At his desire, the precious heaps came, (It was indeed a very deep scheme), Loretta’s statues so pleased Boney, They instantly packed up _Madona_: These relics then, without delay, To Paris Boney sent away; And there they formed an exhibition As proof of Papal superstition.

ItaliannounUS /ˌɪˈtæljən/

a native or inhabitant of Italy

From this reading Such a subject as the spoliation of Italian works of art was not likely to go a-begging among caricaturists, so George Cruikshank illustrated the poet Combe.

ITALYnounUS /ˈɪtəli/

a republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD

From this reading NAPOLEON DESPOILS ITALY OF HER WORKS OF ART--THE SIEGE OF MANTUA--WÜRMSER’S SURRENDER--EARLIEST ENGLISH CARICATURE OF NAPOLEON--INVASION OF ENGLAND--LANDING IN PEMBROKESHIRE--NELSON’S RECEIPT TO MAKE AN OLLA PODRIDA--‘THE ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

Klenau

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the siege of Mantua, Würmser sent his aide-de-camp Klenau to Napoleon to treat for terms of peace.

LANDINGnounUS /ˈlændɪŋ/

an intermediate platform in a staircase

From this reading NAPOLEON DESPOILS ITALY OF HER WORKS OF ART--THE SIEGE OF MANTUA--WÜRMSER’S SURRENDER--EARLIEST ENGLISH CARICATURE OF NAPOLEON--INVASION OF ENGLAND--LANDING IN PEMBROKESHIRE--NELSON’S RECEIPT TO MAKE AN OLLA PODRIDA--‘THE ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

lengthsnounUS /leŋkθs/

plural of “length” — the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

likelyadjectiveUS /ˈlaɪkli/

has a good chance of being the case or of coming about

From this reading Such a subject as the spoliation of Italian works of art was not likely to go a-begging among caricaturists, so George Cruikshank illustrated the poet Combe.

livres

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

Loretta's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At his desire, the precious heaps came, (It was indeed a very deep scheme), Loretta’s statues so pleased Boney, They instantly packed up _Madona_: These relics then, without delay, To Paris Boney sent away; And there they formed an exhibition As proof of Papal superstition.

Madona

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At his desire, the precious heaps came, (It was indeed a very deep scheme), Loretta’s statues so pleased Boney, They instantly packed up _Madona_: These relics then, without delay, To Paris Boney sent away; And there they formed an exhibition As proof of Papal superstition.

MAKEverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading NAPOLEON DESPOILS ITALY OF HER WORKS OF ART--THE SIEGE OF MANTUA--WÜRMSER’S SURRENDER--EARLIEST ENGLISH CARICATURE OF NAPOLEON--INVASION OF ENGLAND--LANDING IN PEMBROKESHIRE--NELSON’S RECEIPT TO MAKE AN OLLA PODRIDA--‘THE ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

MANTUAnounUS /ˈmæntʃuːə/

loose gown of the 17th and 18th centuries

From this reading NAPOLEON DESPOILS ITALY OF HER WORKS OF ART--THE SIEGE OF MANTUA--WÜRMSER’S SURRENDER--EARLIEST ENGLISH CARICATURE OF NAPOLEON--INVASION OF ENGLAND--LANDING IN PEMBROKESHIRE--NELSON’S RECEIPT TO MAKE AN OLLA PODRIDA--‘THE ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

millionnounUS /ˈmɪljən/

the number that is represented as a one followed by 6 zeros

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

millionsnounUS /ˈmɪljənz/

plural of “million” — the number that is represented as a one followed by 6 zeros

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

monthsnounUS /mʌnθs/

plural of “month” — one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

NapnounUS /næp/

a period of time spent sleeping

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

NAPOLEONnounUS /nəˈpoʊliən/

French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

From this reading NAPOLEON DESPOILS ITALY OF HER WORKS OF ART--THE SIEGE OF MANTUA--WÜRMSER’S SURRENDER--EARLIEST ENGLISH CARICATURE OF NAPOLEON--INVASION OF ENGLAND--LANDING IN PEMBROKESHIRE--NELSON’S RECEIPT TO MAKE AN OLLA PODRIDA--‘THE ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

NELSON'SnounUS /ˈnelsənz/

possessive form of “nelson” — English admiral who defeated the French fleets of Napoleon but was mortally wounded at Trafalgar (1758-1805)

From this reading NAPOLEON DESPOILS ITALY OF HER WORKS OF ART--THE SIEGE OF MANTUA--WÜRMSER’S SURRENDER--EARLIEST ENGLISH CARICATURE OF NAPOLEON--INVASION OF ENGLAND--LANDING IN PEMBROKESHIRE--NELSON’S RECEIPT TO MAKE AN OLLA PODRIDA--‘THE ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Such a subject as the spoliation of Italian works of art was not likely to go a-begging among caricaturists, so George Cruikshank illustrated the poet Combe.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading NAPOLEON DESPOILS ITALY OF HER WORKS OF ART--THE SIEGE OF MANTUA--WÜRMSER’S SURRENDER--EARLIEST ENGLISH CARICATURE OF NAPOLEON--INVASION OF ENGLAND--LANDING IN PEMBROKESHIRE--NELSON’S RECEIPT TO MAKE AN OLLA PODRIDA--‘THE ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

OLLAnoun

leaf or strip from a leaf of the talipot palm used in India for writing paper

From this reading NAPOLEON DESPOILS ITALY OF HER WORKS OF ART--THE SIEGE OF MANTUA--WÜRMSER’S SURRENDER--EARLIEST ENGLISH CARICATURE OF NAPOLEON--INVASION OF ENGLAND--LANDING IN PEMBROKESHIRE--NELSON’S RECEIPT TO MAKE AN OLLA PODRIDA--‘THE ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

packedadjectiveUS /pækt/

extremely crowed or filled to capacity

From this reading At his desire, the precious heaps came, (It was indeed a very deep scheme), Loretta’s statues so pleased Boney, They instantly packed up _Madona_: These relics then, without delay, To Paris Boney sent away; And there they formed an exhibition As proof of Papal superstition.

paidadjectiveUS /peɪd/

marked by the reception of pay

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

paintingsnounUS /ˈpeɪntɪŋz/

plural of “painting” — graphic art consisting of an artistic composition made by applying paints to a surface

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

PapaladjectiveUS /ˈpeɪpəl/

proceeding from or ordered by or subject to a pope or the papacy regarded as the successor of the Apostles

From this reading At his desire, the precious heaps came, (It was indeed a very deep scheme), Loretta’s statues so pleased Boney, They instantly packed up _Madona_: These relics then, without delay, To Paris Boney sent away; And there they formed an exhibition As proof of Papal superstition.

ParisnounUS /ˈperɪs/

the capital and largest city of France; and international center of culture and commerce

From this reading At his desire, the precious heaps came, (It was indeed a very deep scheme), Loretta’s statues so pleased Boney, They instantly packed up _Madona_: These relics then, without delay, To Paris Boney sent away; And there they formed an exhibition As proof of Papal superstition.

payverbUS /peɪ/

give money, usually in exchange for goods or services

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

peacenounUS /piːs/

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading At the siege of Mantua, Würmser sent his aide-de-camp Klenau to Napoleon to treat for terms of peace.

PEMBROKESHIRE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading NAPOLEON DESPOILS ITALY OF HER WORKS OF ART--THE SIEGE OF MANTUA--WÜRMSER’S SURRENDER--EARLIEST ENGLISH CARICATURE OF NAPOLEON--INVASION OF ENGLAND--LANDING IN PEMBROKESHIRE--NELSON’S RECEIPT TO MAKE AN OLLA PODRIDA--‘THE ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

Pius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

pleasedadjectiveUS /pliːzd/

experiencing or manifesting pleasure

From this reading At his desire, the precious heaps came, (It was indeed a very deep scheme), Loretta’s statues so pleased Boney, They instantly packed up _Madona_: These relics then, without delay, To Paris Boney sent away; And there they formed an exhibition As proof of Papal superstition.

PODRIDA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading NAPOLEON DESPOILS ITALY OF HER WORKS OF ART--THE SIEGE OF MANTUA--WÜRMSER’S SURRENDER--EARLIEST ENGLISH CARICATURE OF NAPOLEON--INVASION OF ENGLAND--LANDING IN PEMBROKESHIRE--NELSON’S RECEIPT TO MAKE AN OLLA PODRIDA--‘THE ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

poetnounUS /ˈpoʊət/

a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading Such a subject as the spoliation of Italian works of art was not likely to go a-begging among caricaturists, so George Cruikshank illustrated the poet Combe.

PopenounUS /poʊp/

the head of the Roman Catholic Church

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

preciousadjectiveUS /ˈpreʃəs/

characterized by feeling or showing fond affection for

From this reading At his desire, the precious heaps came, (It was indeed a very deep scheme), Loretta’s statues so pleased Boney, They instantly packed up _Madona_: These relics then, without delay, To Paris Boney sent away; And there they formed an exhibition As proof of Papal superstition.

proofnounUS /pruːf/

any factual evidence that helps to establish the truth of something

From this reading At his desire, the precious heaps came, (It was indeed a very deep scheme), Loretta’s statues so pleased Boney, They instantly packed up _Madona_: These relics then, without delay, To Paris Boney sent away; And there they formed an exhibition As proof of Papal superstition.

RECEIPTnounUS /rɪˈsiːt/

the act of receiving

From this reading NAPOLEON DESPOILS ITALY OF HER WORKS OF ART--THE SIEGE OF MANTUA--WÜRMSER’S SURRENDER--EARLIEST ENGLISH CARICATURE OF NAPOLEON--INVASION OF ENGLAND--LANDING IN PEMBROKESHIRE--NELSON’S RECEIPT TO MAKE AN OLLA PODRIDA--‘THE ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

relicsnounUS /ˈrelɪks/

plural of “relic” — an antiquity that has survived from the distant past

From this reading At his desire, the precious heaps came, (It was indeed a very deep scheme), Loretta’s statues so pleased Boney, They instantly packed up _Madona_: These relics then, without delay, To Paris Boney sent away; And there they formed an exhibition As proof of Papal superstition.

requestverbUS /rɪˈkwest/

express the need or desire for

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

schemenounUS /skiːm/

an elaborate and systematic plan of action

From this reading At his desire, the precious heaps came, (It was indeed a very deep scheme), Loretta’s statues so pleased Boney, They instantly packed up _Madona_: These relics then, without delay, To Paris Boney sent away; And there they formed an exhibition As proof of Papal superstition.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading At his desire, the precious heaps came, (It was indeed a very deep scheme), Loretta’s statues so pleased Boney, They instantly packed up _Madona_: These relics then, without delay, To Paris Boney sent away; And there they formed an exhibition As proof of Papal superstition.

SIEGEnounUS /siːdʒ/

the action of an armed force that surrounds a fortified place and isolates it while continuing to attack

From this reading NAPOLEON DESPOILS ITALY OF HER WORKS OF ART--THE SIEGE OF MANTUA--WÜRMSER’S SURRENDER--EARLIEST ENGLISH CARICATURE OF NAPOLEON--INVASION OF ENGLAND--LANDING IN PEMBROKESHIRE--NELSON’S RECEIPT TO MAKE AN OLLA PODRIDA--‘THE ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

sixteenadjectiveUS /sɪkˈstiːn/

being one more than fifteen

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Such a subject as the spoliation of Italian works of art was not likely to go a-begging among caricaturists, so George Cruikshank illustrated the poet Combe.

spoliationnoun

(law) the intentional destruction of a document or an alteration of it that destroys its value as evidence

From this reading Such a subject as the spoliation of Italian works of art was not likely to go a-begging among caricaturists, so George Cruikshank illustrated the poet Combe.

statuesnounUS /ˈstætʃuːz/

plural of “statue” — a sculpture representing a human or animal

From this reading At his desire, the precious heaps came, (It was indeed a very deep scheme), Loretta’s statues so pleased Boney, They instantly packed up _Madona_: These relics then, without delay, To Paris Boney sent away; And there they formed an exhibition As proof of Papal superstition.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading Such a subject as the spoliation of Italian works of art was not likely to go a-begging among caricaturists, so George Cruikshank illustrated the poet Combe.

SuchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Such a subject as the spoliation of Italian works of art was not likely to go a-begging among caricaturists, so George Cruikshank illustrated the poet Combe.

sumnounUS /sʌm/

a quantity of money

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

superstitionnounUS /ˌsuːpərˈstɪʃən/

an irrational belief arising from ignorance or fear

From this reading At his desire, the precious heaps came, (It was indeed a very deep scheme), Loretta’s statues so pleased Boney, They instantly packed up _Madona_: These relics then, without delay, To Paris Boney sent away; And there they formed an exhibition As proof of Papal superstition.

SURRENDERnounUS /sərˈendər/

acceptance of despair

From this reading NAPOLEON DESPOILS ITALY OF HER WORKS OF ART--THE SIEGE OF MANTUA--WÜRMSER’S SURRENDER--EARLIEST ENGLISH CARICATURE OF NAPOLEON--INVASION OF ENGLAND--LANDING IN PEMBROKESHIRE--NELSON’S RECEIPT TO MAKE AN OLLA PODRIDA--‘THE ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

termsnounUS /tɜːrmz/

status with respect to the relations between people or groups

From this reading At the siege of Mantua, Würmser sent his aide-de-camp Klenau to Napoleon to treat for terms of peace.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading NAPOLEON DESPOILS ITALY OF HER WORKS OF ART--THE SIEGE OF MANTUA--WÜRMSER’S SURRENDER--EARLIEST ENGLISH CARICATURE OF NAPOLEON--INVASION OF ENGLAND--LANDING IN PEMBROKESHIRE--NELSON’S RECEIPT TO MAKE AN OLLA PODRIDA--‘THE ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading At his desire, the precious heaps came, (It was indeed a very deep scheme), Loretta’s statues so pleased Boney, They instantly packed up _Madona_: These relics then, without delay, To Paris Boney sent away; And there they formed an exhibition As proof of Papal superstition.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading At his desire, the precious heaps came, (It was indeed a very deep scheme), Loretta’s statues so pleased Boney, They instantly packed up _Madona_: These relics then, without delay, To Paris Boney sent away; And there they formed an exhibition As proof of Papal superstition.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading NAPOLEON DESPOILS ITALY OF HER WORKS OF ART--THE SIEGE OF MANTUA--WÜRMSER’S SURRENDER--EARLIEST ENGLISH CARICATURE OF NAPOLEON--INVASION OF ENGLAND--LANDING IN PEMBROKESHIRE--NELSON’S RECEIPT TO MAKE AN OLLA PODRIDA--‘THE ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

treatverbUS /triːt/

interact in a certain way

From this reading At the siege of Mantua, Würmser sent his aide-de-camp Klenau to Napoleon to treat for terms of peace.

twentynounUS /ˈtwenti/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nineteen and one

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

understandverbUS /ˌʌndərˈstænd/

know and comprehend the nature or meaning of

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading At his desire, the precious heaps came, (It was indeed a very deep scheme), Loretta’s statues so pleased Boney, They instantly packed up _Madona_: These relics then, without delay, To Paris Boney sent away; And there they formed an exhibition As proof of Papal superstition.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading At his desire, the precious heaps came, (It was indeed a very deep scheme), Loretta’s statues so pleased Boney, They instantly packed up _Madona_: These relics then, without delay, To Paris Boney sent away; And there they formed an exhibition As proof of Papal superstition.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Such a subject as the spoliation of Italian works of art was not likely to go a-begging among caricaturists, so George Cruikshank illustrated the poet Combe.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

Wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

WhichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading As Nap (for his extortions fam’d), Of livres twenty millions claim’d; Which sum, we also understand, Pope Pius paid upon demand; And sixteen million more, they say, Was bound in two months’ time to pay With these exactions not content, To further lengths our hero went; A hundred paintings, and the best, Were, we are told, his next request.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading At his desire, the precious heaps came, (It was indeed a very deep scheme), Loretta’s statues so pleased Boney, They instantly packed up _Madona_: These relics then, without delay, To Paris Boney sent away; And there they formed an exhibition As proof of Papal superstition.

WORKSnounUS /wɜːrks/

buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading NAPOLEON DESPOILS ITALY OF HER WORKS OF ART--THE SIEGE OF MANTUA--WÜRMSER’S SURRENDER--EARLIEST ENGLISH CARICATURE OF NAPOLEON--INVASION OF ENGLAND--LANDING IN PEMBROKESHIRE--NELSON’S RECEIPT TO MAKE AN OLLA PODRIDA--‘THE ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

Würmser

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the siege of Mantua, Würmser sent his aide-de-camp Klenau to Napoleon to treat for terms of peace.

WÜRMSER'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading NAPOLEON DESPOILS ITALY OF HER WORKS OF ART--THE SIEGE OF MANTUA--WÜRMSER’S SURRENDER--EARLIEST ENGLISH CARICATURE OF NAPOLEON--INVASION OF ENGLAND--LANDING IN PEMBROKESHIRE--NELSON’S RECEIPT TO MAKE AN OLLA PODRIDA--‘THE ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

Chapter 8 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2) by John Ashton holds 53 sentences, grouped into 11 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2) contain?

Chapter 8 holds 53 sentences of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2), unabridged, divided into 11 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2) by John Ashton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 53 sentences, grouped into 11 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2)?

Work through the 11 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 11 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2)

Common questions about reading English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2) by John Ashton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2)?

Yes. All 2967 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #50184 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #50184, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2) take to read?

About 247 minutes of reading across 594 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2) section by section

How to work through English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 37 chapters of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2) to begin.

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2)

Words and structures a reader meets early in English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Superscripted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Characters
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Preceded
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Caret
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.