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English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2)
English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2)

Chapter XIV

Chapter 14 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2) is here in full — 87 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/17 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
TAKING OF JAFFA, AND MASSACRE OF SOLDIERS--DE BOURRIENNE’S ACCOUNT--NAPOLEON’S OWN VERSION.
It is sad to turn from this rollicking fun to the episode of Jaffa; but it cannot be dismissed, as it has afforded so much employment to the detractors of Napoleon, and to the English satirists of the time.
First of all, let us give the version of an eye-witness (De Bourrienne), friend of, and secretary to, Napoleon.
It is rather long, but no word of it can be omitted, as it gives every argument that can be brought forward to palliate the sickening massacre.
‘On the 4th of March we commenced the siege of Jaffa.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2)

Chapter XIV

Chapter 14 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2) is here in full — 87 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/17 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
TAKING OF JAFFA, AND MASSACRE OF SOLDIERS--DE BOURRIENNE’S ACCOUNT--NAPOLEON’S OWN VERSION.
Line 2
It is sad to turn from this rollicking fun to the episode of Jaffa; but it cannot be dismissed, as it has afforded so much employment to the detractors of Napoleon, and to the English satirists of the time.
Line 3
First of all, let us give the version of an eye-witness (De Bourrienne), friend of, and secretary to, Napoleon.
Line 4
It is rather long, but no word of it can be omitted, as it gives every argument that can be brought forward to palliate the sickening massacre.
Line 5
‘On the 4th of March we commenced the siege of Jaffa.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

detractors noun US /dɪˈtræktərz/

plural of “detractor” — one who disparages or belittles the worth of something

From this reading “It is sad to turn from this rollicking fun to the episode of Jaffa; but it cannot be dismissed, as it has afforded so much employment to the detractors of Napoleon, and to the English satirists of the time.”

jaffa noun US /ˈdʒæfə/

a port in western Israel on the Mediterranean; incorporated into Tel Aviv in 1950

From this reading “TAKING OF JAFFA, AND MASSACRE OF SOLDIERS--DE BOURRIENNE’S ACCOUNT--NAPOLEON’S OWN VERSION.”

massacre verb US /ˈmæsəkər/

kill a large number of people indiscriminately

From this reading “TAKING OF JAFFA, AND MASSACRE OF SOLDIERS--DE BOURRIENNE’S ACCOUNT--NAPOLEON’S OWN VERSION.”

napoleon's noun US /nəˈpoʊliənz/

possessive form of “napoleon” — French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

omitted verb US /oʊˈmɪtəd/

inflected form of “omit” — prevent from being included or considered or accepted

From this reading “It is rather long, but no word of it can be omitted, as it gives every argument that can be brought forward to palliate the sickening massacre.”

rollicking adjective US /ˈrɑːlɪkɪŋ/

given to merry frolicking

From this reading “It is sad to turn from this rollicking fun to the episode of Jaffa; but it cannot be dismissed, as it has afforded so much employment to the detractors of Napoleon, and to the English satirists of the time.”

satirists noun US /ˈsætərəsts/

plural of “satirist” — a humorist who uses ridicule and irony and sarcasm

From this reading “It is sad to turn from this rollicking fun to the episode of Jaffa; but it cannot be dismissed, as it has afforded so much employment to the detractors of Napoleon, and to the English satirists of the time.”

sickening adjective US /ˈsɪkənɪŋ/

causing or able to cause nausea

From this reading “It is rather long, but no word of it can be omitted, as it gives every argument that can be brought forward to palliate the sickening massacre.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

brought forward verb + particle counted as “bring forward”

cause to move forward

In this reading “It is rather long, but no word of it can be omitted, as it gives every argument that can be brought forward to palliate the sickening massacre.”

OWN VERSION verb + noun

In this reading “TAKING OF JAFFA, AND MASSACRE OF SOLDIERS--DE BOURRIENNE’S ACCOUNT--NAPOLEON’S OWN VERSION.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

4th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ‘On the 4th of March we commenced the siege of Jaffa.

ACCOUNTnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading TAKING OF JAFFA, AND MASSACRE OF SOLDIERS--DE BOURRIENNE’S ACCOUNT--NAPOLEON’S OWN VERSION.

affordedverbUS /əˈfɔːrdəd/

past form of “afford” — be able to spare or give up

From this reading It is sad to turn from this rollicking fun to the episode of Jaffa; but it cannot be dismissed, as it has afforded so much employment to the detractors of Napoleon, and to the English satirists of the time.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading First of all, let us give the version of an eye-witness (De Bourrienne), friend of, and secretary to, Napoleon.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading First of all, let us give the version of an eye-witness (De Bourrienne), friend of, and secretary to, Napoleon.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading TAKING OF JAFFA, AND MASSACRE OF SOLDIERS--DE BOURRIENNE’S ACCOUNT--NAPOLEON’S OWN VERSION.

argumentnounUS /ˈɑːrɡjəmənt/

a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true

From this reading It is rather long, but no word of it can be omitted, as it gives every argument that can be brought forward to palliate the sickening massacre.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It is sad to turn from this rollicking fun to the episode of Jaffa; but it cannot be dismissed, as it has afforded so much employment to the detractors of Napoleon, and to the English satirists of the time.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It is sad to turn from this rollicking fun to the episode of Jaffa; but it cannot be dismissed, as it has afforded so much employment to the detractors of Napoleon, and to the English satirists of the time.

Bourrienne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading First of all, let us give the version of an eye-witness (De Bourrienne), friend of, and secretary to, Napoleon.

BOURRIENNE'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading TAKING OF JAFFA, AND MASSACRE OF SOLDIERS--DE BOURRIENNE’S ACCOUNT--NAPOLEON’S OWN VERSION.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading It is rather long, but no word of it can be omitted, as it gives every argument that can be brought forward to palliate the sickening massacre.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading It is sad to turn from this rollicking fun to the episode of Jaffa; but it cannot be dismissed, as it has afforded so much employment to the detractors of Napoleon, and to the English satirists of the time.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading It is rather long, but no word of it can be omitted, as it gives every argument that can be brought forward to palliate the sickening massacre.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is sad to turn from this rollicking fun to the episode of Jaffa; but it cannot be dismissed, as it has afforded so much employment to the detractors of Napoleon, and to the English satirists of the time.

commencedverbUS /kəˈmenst/

past form of “commence” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading ‘On the 4th of March we commenced the siege of Jaffa.

DEnounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading TAKING OF JAFFA, AND MASSACRE OF SOLDIERS--DE BOURRIENNE’S ACCOUNT--NAPOLEON’S OWN VERSION.

detractorsnounUS /dɪˈtræktərz/

plural of “detractor” — one who disparages or belittles the worth of something

From this reading It is sad to turn from this rollicking fun to the episode of Jaffa; but it cannot be dismissed, as it has afforded so much employment to the detractors of Napoleon, and to the English satirists of the time.

dismissedadjectiveUS /dɪˈsmɪst/

having lost your job

From this reading It is sad to turn from this rollicking fun to the episode of Jaffa; but it cannot be dismissed, as it has afforded so much employment to the detractors of Napoleon, and to the English satirists of the time.

employmentnounUS /emˈplɔɪmənt/

the state of being employed or having a job

From this reading It is sad to turn from this rollicking fun to the episode of Jaffa; but it cannot be dismissed, as it has afforded so much employment to the detractors of Napoleon, and to the English satirists of the time.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading It is sad to turn from this rollicking fun to the episode of Jaffa; but it cannot be dismissed, as it has afforded so much employment to the detractors of Napoleon, and to the English satirists of the time.

episodenounUS /ˈepəsoʊd/

a happening that is distinctive in a series of related events

From this reading It is sad to turn from this rollicking fun to the episode of Jaffa; but it cannot be dismissed, as it has afforded so much employment to the detractors of Napoleon, and to the English satirists of the time.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading It is rather long, but no word of it can be omitted, as it gives every argument that can be brought forward to palliate the sickening massacre.

eye-witness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading First of all, let us give the version of an eye-witness (De Bourrienne), friend of, and secretary to, Napoleon.

FirstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading First of all, let us give the version of an eye-witness (De Bourrienne), friend of, and secretary to, Napoleon.

forwardadverbUS /ˈfɔːrwərd/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading It is rather long, but no word of it can be omitted, as it gives every argument that can be brought forward to palliate the sickening massacre.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading First of all, let us give the version of an eye-witness (De Bourrienne), friend of, and secretary to, Napoleon.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading It is sad to turn from this rollicking fun to the episode of Jaffa; but it cannot be dismissed, as it has afforded so much employment to the detractors of Napoleon, and to the English satirists of the time.

funnounUS /fʌn/

activities that are enjoyable or amusing

From this reading It is sad to turn from this rollicking fun to the episode of Jaffa; but it cannot be dismissed, as it has afforded so much employment to the detractors of Napoleon, and to the English satirists of the time.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading First of all, let us give the version of an eye-witness (De Bourrienne), friend of, and secretary to, Napoleon.

givesnounUS /ɡɪvz/

plural of “give” — the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length

From this reading It is rather long, but no word of it can be omitted, as it gives every argument that can be brought forward to palliate the sickening massacre.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is sad to turn from this rollicking fun to the episode of Jaffa; but it cannot be dismissed, as it has afforded so much employment to the detractors of Napoleon, and to the English satirists of the time.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is sad to turn from this rollicking fun to the episode of Jaffa; but it cannot be dismissed, as it has afforded so much employment to the detractors of Napoleon, and to the English satirists of the time.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is sad to turn from this rollicking fun to the episode of Jaffa; but it cannot be dismissed, as it has afforded so much employment to the detractors of Napoleon, and to the English satirists of the time.

JAFFAnounUS /ˈdʒæfə/

a port in western Israel on the Mediterranean; incorporated into Tel Aviv in 1950

From this reading TAKING OF JAFFA, AND MASSACRE OF SOLDIERS--DE BOURRIENNE’S ACCOUNT--NAPOLEON’S OWN VERSION.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading First of all, let us give the version of an eye-witness (De Bourrienne), friend of, and secretary to, Napoleon.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading It is rather long, but no word of it can be omitted, as it gives every argument that can be brought forward to palliate the sickening massacre.

MarchverbUS /mɑːrtʃ/

march in a procession

From this reading ‘On the 4th of March we commenced the siege of Jaffa.

MASSACREverbUS /ˈmæsəkər/

kill a large number of people indiscriminately

From this reading TAKING OF JAFFA, AND MASSACRE OF SOLDIERS--DE BOURRIENNE’S ACCOUNT--NAPOLEON’S OWN VERSION.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading It is sad to turn from this rollicking fun to the episode of Jaffa; but it cannot be dismissed, as it has afforded so much employment to the detractors of Napoleon, and to the English satirists of the time.

NapoleonnounUS /nəˈpoʊliən/

French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

From this reading It is sad to turn from this rollicking fun to the episode of Jaffa; but it cannot be dismissed, as it has afforded so much employment to the detractors of Napoleon, and to the English satirists of the time.

NAPOLEON'SnounUS /nəˈpoʊliənz/

possessive form of “napoleon” — French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

From this reading TAKING OF JAFFA, AND MASSACRE OF SOLDIERS--DE BOURRIENNE’S ACCOUNT--NAPOLEON’S OWN VERSION.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading It is rather long, but no word of it can be omitted, as it gives every argument that can be brought forward to palliate the sickening massacre.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading TAKING OF JAFFA, AND MASSACRE OF SOLDIERS--DE BOURRIENNE’S ACCOUNT--NAPOLEON’S OWN VERSION.

omittedverbUS /oʊˈmɪtəd/

inflected form of “omit” — prevent from being included or considered or accepted

From this reading It is rather long, but no word of it can be omitted, as it gives every argument that can be brought forward to palliate the sickening massacre.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading ‘On the 4th of March we commenced the siege of Jaffa.

OWNverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading TAKING OF JAFFA, AND MASSACRE OF SOLDIERS--DE BOURRIENNE’S ACCOUNT--NAPOLEON’S OWN VERSION.

palliateverb

lessen or to try to lessen the seriousness or extent of

From this reading It is rather long, but no word of it can be omitted, as it gives every argument that can be brought forward to palliate the sickening massacre.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading It is rather long, but no word of it can be omitted, as it gives every argument that can be brought forward to palliate the sickening massacre.

rollickingadjectiveUS /ˈrɑːlɪkɪŋ/

given to merry frolicking

From this reading It is sad to turn from this rollicking fun to the episode of Jaffa; but it cannot be dismissed, as it has afforded so much employment to the detractors of Napoleon, and to the English satirists of the time.

sadadjectiveUS /sæd/

experiencing or showing sorrow or unhappiness

From this reading It is sad to turn from this rollicking fun to the episode of Jaffa; but it cannot be dismissed, as it has afforded so much employment to the detractors of Napoleon, and to the English satirists of the time.

satiristsnounUS /ˈsætərəsts/

plural of “satirist” — a humorist who uses ridicule and irony and sarcasm

From this reading It is sad to turn from this rollicking fun to the episode of Jaffa; but it cannot be dismissed, as it has afforded so much employment to the detractors of Napoleon, and to the English satirists of the time.

secretarynounUS /ˈsekrəteri/

a person who is head of an administrative department of government

From this reading First of all, let us give the version of an eye-witness (De Bourrienne), friend of, and secretary to, Napoleon.

sickeningadjectiveUS /ˈsɪkənɪŋ/

causing or able to cause nausea

From this reading It is rather long, but no word of it can be omitted, as it gives every argument that can be brought forward to palliate the sickening massacre.

siegenounUS /siːdʒ/

the action of an armed force that surrounds a fortified place and isolates it while continuing to attack

From this reading ‘On the 4th of March we commenced the siege of Jaffa.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading It is sad to turn from this rollicking fun to the episode of Jaffa; but it cannot be dismissed, as it has afforded so much employment to the detractors of Napoleon, and to the English satirists of the time.

SOLDIERSnounUS /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

plural of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading TAKING OF JAFFA, AND MASSACRE OF SOLDIERS--DE BOURRIENNE’S ACCOUNT--NAPOLEON’S OWN VERSION.

TAKINGnounUS /ˈteɪkɪŋ/

the act of someone who picks up or takes something

From this reading TAKING OF JAFFA, AND MASSACRE OF SOLDIERS--DE BOURRIENNE’S ACCOUNT--NAPOLEON’S OWN VERSION.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It is rather long, but no word of it can be omitted, as it gives every argument that can be brought forward to palliate the sickening massacre.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It is sad to turn from this rollicking fun to the episode of Jaffa; but it cannot be dismissed, as it has afforded so much employment to the detractors of Napoleon, and to the English satirists of the time.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading It is sad to turn from this rollicking fun to the episode of Jaffa; but it cannot be dismissed, as it has afforded so much employment to the detractors of Napoleon, and to the English satirists of the time.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading It is sad to turn from this rollicking fun to the episode of Jaffa; but it cannot be dismissed, as it has afforded so much employment to the detractors of Napoleon, and to the English satirists of the time.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It is sad to turn from this rollicking fun to the episode of Jaffa; but it cannot be dismissed, as it has afforded so much employment to the detractors of Napoleon, and to the English satirists of the time.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading It is sad to turn from this rollicking fun to the episode of Jaffa; but it cannot be dismissed, as it has afforded so much employment to the detractors of Napoleon, and to the English satirists of the time.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading First of all, let us give the version of an eye-witness (De Bourrienne), friend of, and secretary to, Napoleon.

VERSIONnounUS /ˈvɜːrʒən/

an interpretation of a matter from a particular viewpoint

From this reading TAKING OF JAFFA, AND MASSACRE OF SOLDIERS--DE BOURRIENNE’S ACCOUNT--NAPOLEON’S OWN VERSION.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading ‘On the 4th of March we commenced the siege of Jaffa.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading It is rather long, but no word of it can be omitted, as it gives every argument that can be brought forward to palliate the sickening massacre.

Chapter 14 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2) by John Ashton holds 87 sentences, grouped into 18 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 14 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2) contain?

Chapter 14 holds 87 sentences of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2), unabridged, divided into 18 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 14 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2) by John Ashton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 87 sentences, grouped into 18 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 14 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2)?

Work through the 18 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 18 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 14 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Vocabulary met early in English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2)

Words and structures a reader meets early in English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Superscripted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Characters
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Preceded
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Caret
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.