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English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2)
English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2)

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2) is here in full — 73 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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RETREAT FROM JAFFA--POISONING OF FIVE HUNDRED SOLDIERS--DIFFERENT ENGLISH AUTHORITIES THEREON--NAPOLEON’S OWN STORY, ALSO THOSE OF LAS CASES AND O’MEARA--RETREAT TO CAIRO.
But this retreat became the subject of a dreadful accusation against Napoleon, which must have hit him hard at the time of his projected invasion in 1803--aye, quite as hard as the massacre at Jaffa.
It was nothing less than that he poisoned, with opium, 500 of his sick soldiers, before he left Jaffa.
There was a solid foundation for this fearful charge, as will be shown hereafter.
Combe speaks of it thus-- Another great thing Boney now did, With sick the hospitals were crowded, He therefore planned, nor planned in vain, To put the wretches out of pain; He an apothecary found-- For a physician, since renown’d, The butchering task with scorn declined, Th’ apothecary, tho’, was _kind_.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2)

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2) is here in full — 73 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/14 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
RETREAT FROM JAFFA--POISONING OF FIVE HUNDRED SOLDIERS--DIFFERENT ENGLISH AUTHORITIES THEREON--NAPOLEON’S OWN STORY, ALSO THOSE OF LAS CASES AND O’MEARA--RETREAT TO CAIRO.
Line 2
But this retreat became the subject of a dreadful accusation against Napoleon, which must have hit him hard at the time of his projected invasion in 1803--aye, quite as hard as the massacre at Jaffa.
Line 3
It was nothing less than that he poisoned, with opium, 500 of his sick soldiers, before he left Jaffa.
Line 4
There was a solid foundation for this fearful charge, as will be shown hereafter.
/ðer wɑːz ə ˈsɑːləd faʊnˈdeɪʃən fɔːr ðɪs ˈfɪrfəl tʃɑːrdʒ æz wɪl biː ʃoʊn hɪˈræftər/
Line 5
Combe speaks of it thus-- Another great thing Boney now did, With sick the hospitals were crowded, He therefore planned, nor planned in vain, To put the wretches out of pain; He an apothecary found-- For a physician, since renown’d, The butchering task with scorn declined, Th’ apothecary, tho’, was _kind_.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

apothecary noun US /əˈpɑːθəkeri/

a health professional trained in the art of preparing and dispensing drugs

From this reading “Combe speaks of it thus-- Another great thing Boney now did, With sick the hospitals were crowded, He therefore planned, nor planned in vain, To put the wretches out of pain; He an apothecary found-- For a physician, since renown’d, The butchering task with scorn declined, Th’ apothecary, tho’, was _kind_.”

Boney adjective US /ˈboʊni/

having bones especially many or prominent bones

From this reading “Combe speaks of it thus-- Another great thing Boney now did, With sick the hospitals were crowded, He therefore planned, nor planned in vain, To put the wretches out of pain; He an apothecary found-- For a physician, since renown’d, The butchering task with scorn declined, Th’ apothecary, tho’, was _kind_.”

butchering noun US /ˈbʊtʃərɪŋ/

the business of a butcher

From this reading “Combe speaks of it thus-- Another great thing Boney now did, With sick the hospitals were crowded, He therefore planned, nor planned in vain, To put the wretches out of pain; He an apothecary found-- For a physician, since renown’d, The butchering task with scorn declined, Th’ apothecary, tho’, was _kind_.”

hospitals noun US /ˈhɑːspɪtəlz/

plural of “hospital” — a health facility where patients receive treatment

From this reading “Combe speaks of it thus-- Another great thing Boney now did, With sick the hospitals were crowded, He therefore planned, nor planned in vain, To put the wretches out of pain; He an apothecary found-- For a physician, since renown’d, The butchering task with scorn declined, Th’ apothecary, tho’, was _kind_.”

jaffa noun US /ˈdʒæfə/

a port in western Israel on the Mediterranean; incorporated into Tel Aviv in 1950

From this reading “RETREAT FROM JAFFA--POISONING OF FIVE HUNDRED SOLDIERS--DIFFERENT ENGLISH AUTHORITIES THEREON--NAPOLEON’S OWN STORY, ALSO THOSE OF LAS CASES AND O’MEARA--RETREAT TO CAIRO.”

las noun US /lɑːs/

plural of “la” — a white soft metallic element that tarnishes readily; occurs in rare earth minerals and is usually classified as a rare earth

From this reading “RETREAT FROM JAFFA--POISONING OF FIVE HUNDRED SOLDIERS--DIFFERENT ENGLISH AUTHORITIES THEREON--NAPOLEON’S OWN STORY, ALSO THOSE OF LAS CASES AND O’MEARA--RETREAT TO CAIRO.”

napoleon's noun US /nəˈpoʊliənz/

possessive form of “napoleon” — French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

poisoning noun US /ˈpɔɪzənɪŋ/

the physiological state produced by a poison or other toxic substance

From this reading “RETREAT FROM JAFFA--POISONING OF FIVE HUNDRED SOLDIERS--DIFFERENT ENGLISH AUTHORITIES THEREON--NAPOLEON’S OWN STORY, ALSO THOSE OF LAS CASES AND O’MEARA--RETREAT TO CAIRO.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

solid foundation adjective + noun

In this reading “There was a solid foundation for this fearful charge, as will be shown hereafter.”

FIVE HUNDRED noun + noun

the cardinal number that is the product of one hundred and five

In this reading “RETREAT FROM JAFFA--POISONING OF FIVE HUNDRED SOLDIERS--DIFFERENT ENGLISH AUTHORITIES THEREON--NAPOLEON’S OWN STORY, ALSO THOSE OF LAS CASES AND O’MEARA--RETREAT TO CAIRO.”

with scorn preposition + noun

In this reading “Combe speaks of it thus-- Another great thing Boney now did, With sick the hospitals were crowded, He therefore planned, nor planned in vain, To put the wretches out of pain; He an apothecary found-- For a physician, since renown’d, The butchering task with scorn declined, Th’ apothecary, tho’, was _kind_.”

great thing adjective + noun

In this reading “Combe speaks of it thus-- Another great thing Boney now did, With sick the hospitals were crowded, He therefore planned, nor planned in vain, To put the wretches out of pain; He an apothecary found-- For a physician, since renown’d, The butchering task with scorn declined, Th’ apothecary, tho’, was _kind_.”

at the time preposition + article + noun counted as “at … time”

simultaneously

In this reading “But this retreat became the subject of a dreadful accusation against Napoleon, which must have hit him hard at the time of his projected invasion in 1803--aye, quite as hard as the massacre at Jaffa.”

All words in this reading · 107

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1803

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But this retreat became the subject of a dreadful accusation against Napoleon, which must have hit him hard at the time of his projected invasion in 1803--aye, quite as hard as the massacre at Jaffa.

500

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was nothing less than that he poisoned, with opium, 500 of his sick soldiers, before he left Jaffa.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading But this retreat became the subject of a dreadful accusation against Napoleon, which must have hit him hard at the time of his projected invasion in 1803--aye, quite as hard as the massacre at Jaffa.

accusationnounUS /ˌækjəˈzeɪʃən/

a formal charge of wrongdoing brought against a person; the act of imputing blame or guilt

From this reading But this retreat became the subject of a dreadful accusation against Napoleon, which must have hit him hard at the time of his projected invasion in 1803--aye, quite as hard as the massacre at Jaffa.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading But this retreat became the subject of a dreadful accusation against Napoleon, which must have hit him hard at the time of his projected invasion in 1803--aye, quite as hard as the massacre at Jaffa.

ALSOadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading RETREAT FROM JAFFA--POISONING OF FIVE HUNDRED SOLDIERS--DIFFERENT ENGLISH AUTHORITIES THEREON--NAPOLEON’S OWN STORY, ALSO THOSE OF LAS CASES AND O’MEARA--RETREAT TO CAIRO.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Combe speaks of it thus-- Another great thing Boney now did, With sick the hospitals were crowded, He therefore planned, nor planned in vain, To put the wretches out of pain; He an apothecary found-- For a physician, since renown’d, The butchering task with scorn declined, Th’ apothecary, tho’, was _kind_.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading RETREAT FROM JAFFA--POISONING OF FIVE HUNDRED SOLDIERS--DIFFERENT ENGLISH AUTHORITIES THEREON--NAPOLEON’S OWN STORY, ALSO THOSE OF LAS CASES AND O’MEARA--RETREAT TO CAIRO.

AnotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Combe speaks of it thus-- Another great thing Boney now did, With sick the hospitals were crowded, He therefore planned, nor planned in vain, To put the wretches out of pain; He an apothecary found-- For a physician, since renown’d, The butchering task with scorn declined, Th’ apothecary, tho’, was _kind_.

apothecarynounUS /əˈpɑːθəkeri/

a health professional trained in the art of preparing and dispensing drugs

From this reading Combe speaks of it thus-- Another great thing Boney now did, With sick the hospitals were crowded, He therefore planned, nor planned in vain, To put the wretches out of pain; He an apothecary found-- For a physician, since renown’d, The butchering task with scorn declined, Th’ apothecary, tho’, was _kind_.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading But this retreat became the subject of a dreadful accusation against Napoleon, which must have hit him hard at the time of his projected invasion in 1803--aye, quite as hard as the massacre at Jaffa.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading But this retreat became the subject of a dreadful accusation against Napoleon, which must have hit him hard at the time of his projected invasion in 1803--aye, quite as hard as the massacre at Jaffa.

AUTHORITIESnounUS /əˈθɔːrətiz/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading RETREAT FROM JAFFA--POISONING OF FIVE HUNDRED SOLDIERS--DIFFERENT ENGLISH AUTHORITIES THEREON--NAPOLEON’S OWN STORY, ALSO THOSE OF LAS CASES AND O’MEARA--RETREAT TO CAIRO.

aye

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But this retreat became the subject of a dreadful accusation against Napoleon, which must have hit him hard at the time of his projected invasion in 1803--aye, quite as hard as the massacre at Jaffa.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading There was a solid foundation for this fearful charge, as will be shown hereafter.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading But this retreat became the subject of a dreadful accusation against Napoleon, which must have hit him hard at the time of his projected invasion in 1803--aye, quite as hard as the massacre at Jaffa.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading It was nothing less than that he poisoned, with opium, 500 of his sick soldiers, before he left Jaffa.

BoneyadjectiveUS /ˈboʊni/

having bones especially many or prominent bones

From this reading Combe speaks of it thus-- Another great thing Boney now did, With sick the hospitals were crowded, He therefore planned, nor planned in vain, To put the wretches out of pain; He an apothecary found-- For a physician, since renown’d, The butchering task with scorn declined, Th’ apothecary, tho’, was _kind_.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But this retreat became the subject of a dreadful accusation against Napoleon, which must have hit him hard at the time of his projected invasion in 1803--aye, quite as hard as the massacre at Jaffa.

butcheringnounUS /ˈbʊtʃərɪŋ/

the business of a butcher

From this reading Combe speaks of it thus-- Another great thing Boney now did, With sick the hospitals were crowded, He therefore planned, nor planned in vain, To put the wretches out of pain; He an apothecary found-- For a physician, since renown’d, The butchering task with scorn declined, Th’ apothecary, tho’, was _kind_.

CAIROnounUS /ˈkaɪroʊ/

a town at the southern tip of Illinois at the confluence of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers

From this reading RETREAT FROM JAFFA--POISONING OF FIVE HUNDRED SOLDIERS--DIFFERENT ENGLISH AUTHORITIES THEREON--NAPOLEON’S OWN STORY, ALSO THOSE OF LAS CASES AND O’MEARA--RETREAT TO CAIRO.

CASESnounUS /ˈkeɪsəz/

plural of “case” — an occurrence of something

From this reading RETREAT FROM JAFFA--POISONING OF FIVE HUNDRED SOLDIERS--DIFFERENT ENGLISH AUTHORITIES THEREON--NAPOLEON’S OWN STORY, ALSO THOSE OF LAS CASES AND O’MEARA--RETREAT TO CAIRO.

chargeverbUS /tʃɑːrdʒ/

to make a rush at or sudden attack upon, as in battle

From this reading There was a solid foundation for this fearful charge, as will be shown hereafter.

Combe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Combe speaks of it thus-- Another great thing Boney now did, With sick the hospitals were crowded, He therefore planned, nor planned in vain, To put the wretches out of pain; He an apothecary found-- For a physician, since renown’d, The butchering task with scorn declined, Th’ apothecary, tho’, was _kind_.

crowdedadjectiveUS /ˈkraʊdəd/

overfilled or compacted or concentrated

From this reading Combe speaks of it thus-- Another great thing Boney now did, With sick the hospitals were crowded, He therefore planned, nor planned in vain, To put the wretches out of pain; He an apothecary found-- For a physician, since renown’d, The butchering task with scorn declined, Th’ apothecary, tho’, was _kind_.

declinedverbUS /dɪˈklaɪnd/

past form of “decline” — grow worse

From this reading Combe speaks of it thus-- Another great thing Boney now did, With sick the hospitals were crowded, He therefore planned, nor planned in vain, To put the wretches out of pain; He an apothecary found-- For a physician, since renown’d, The butchering task with scorn declined, Th’ apothecary, tho’, was _kind_.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Combe speaks of it thus-- Another great thing Boney now did, With sick the hospitals were crowded, He therefore planned, nor planned in vain, To put the wretches out of pain; He an apothecary found-- For a physician, since renown’d, The butchering task with scorn declined, Th’ apothecary, tho’, was _kind_.

DIFFERENTadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading RETREAT FROM JAFFA--POISONING OF FIVE HUNDRED SOLDIERS--DIFFERENT ENGLISH AUTHORITIES THEREON--NAPOLEON’S OWN STORY, ALSO THOSE OF LAS CASES AND O’MEARA--RETREAT TO CAIRO.

dreadfuladjectiveUS /ˈdredfəl/

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading But this retreat became the subject of a dreadful accusation against Napoleon, which must have hit him hard at the time of his projected invasion in 1803--aye, quite as hard as the massacre at Jaffa.

ENGLISHnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading RETREAT FROM JAFFA--POISONING OF FIVE HUNDRED SOLDIERS--DIFFERENT ENGLISH AUTHORITIES THEREON--NAPOLEON’S OWN STORY, ALSO THOSE OF LAS CASES AND O’MEARA--RETREAT TO CAIRO.

fearfuladjectiveUS /ˈfɪrfəl/

experiencing or showing fear

From this reading There was a solid foundation for this fearful charge, as will be shown hereafter.

FIVEnounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading RETREAT FROM JAFFA--POISONING OF FIVE HUNDRED SOLDIERS--DIFFERENT ENGLISH AUTHORITIES THEREON--NAPOLEON’S OWN STORY, ALSO THOSE OF LAS CASES AND O’MEARA--RETREAT TO CAIRO.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading There was a solid foundation for this fearful charge, as will be shown hereafter.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Combe speaks of it thus-- Another great thing Boney now did, With sick the hospitals were crowded, He therefore planned, nor planned in vain, To put the wretches out of pain; He an apothecary found-- For a physician, since renown’d, The butchering task with scorn declined, Th’ apothecary, tho’, was _kind_.

foundationnounUS /faʊnˈdeɪʃən/

the basis on which something is grounded

From this reading There was a solid foundation for this fearful charge, as will be shown hereafter.

FROMprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading RETREAT FROM JAFFA--POISONING OF FIVE HUNDRED SOLDIERS--DIFFERENT ENGLISH AUTHORITIES THEREON--NAPOLEON’S OWN STORY, ALSO THOSE OF LAS CASES AND O’MEARA--RETREAT TO CAIRO.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Combe speaks of it thus-- Another great thing Boney now did, With sick the hospitals were crowded, He therefore planned, nor planned in vain, To put the wretches out of pain; He an apothecary found-- For a physician, since renown’d, The butchering task with scorn declined, Th’ apothecary, tho’, was _kind_.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading But this retreat became the subject of a dreadful accusation against Napoleon, which must have hit him hard at the time of his projected invasion in 1803--aye, quite as hard as the massacre at Jaffa.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading But this retreat became the subject of a dreadful accusation against Napoleon, which must have hit him hard at the time of his projected invasion in 1803--aye, quite as hard as the massacre at Jaffa.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It was nothing less than that he poisoned, with opium, 500 of his sick soldiers, before he left Jaffa.

hereafteradverbUS /hɪˈræftər/

in a subsequent part of this document or statement or matter etc.

From this reading There was a solid foundation for this fearful charge, as will be shown hereafter.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading But this retreat became the subject of a dreadful accusation against Napoleon, which must have hit him hard at the time of his projected invasion in 1803--aye, quite as hard as the massacre at Jaffa.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading But this retreat became the subject of a dreadful accusation against Napoleon, which must have hit him hard at the time of his projected invasion in 1803--aye, quite as hard as the massacre at Jaffa.

hitverbUS /hɪt/

cause to move by striking

From this reading But this retreat became the subject of a dreadful accusation against Napoleon, which must have hit him hard at the time of his projected invasion in 1803--aye, quite as hard as the massacre at Jaffa.

hospitalsnounUS /ˈhɑːspɪtəlz/

plural of “hospital” — a health facility where patients receive treatment

From this reading Combe speaks of it thus-- Another great thing Boney now did, With sick the hospitals were crowded, He therefore planned, nor planned in vain, To put the wretches out of pain; He an apothecary found-- For a physician, since renown’d, The butchering task with scorn declined, Th’ apothecary, tho’, was _kind_.

HUNDREDnounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading RETREAT FROM JAFFA--POISONING OF FIVE HUNDRED SOLDIERS--DIFFERENT ENGLISH AUTHORITIES THEREON--NAPOLEON’S OWN STORY, ALSO THOSE OF LAS CASES AND O’MEARA--RETREAT TO CAIRO.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading But this retreat became the subject of a dreadful accusation against Napoleon, which must have hit him hard at the time of his projected invasion in 1803--aye, quite as hard as the massacre at Jaffa.

invasionnounUS /ˌɪnˈveɪʒən/

the act of invading; the act of an army that invades for conquest or plunder

From this reading But this retreat became the subject of a dreadful accusation against Napoleon, which must have hit him hard at the time of his projected invasion in 1803--aye, quite as hard as the massacre at Jaffa.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was nothing less than that he poisoned, with opium, 500 of his sick soldiers, before he left Jaffa.

JAFFAnounUS /ˈdʒæfə/

a port in western Israel on the Mediterranean; incorporated into Tel Aviv in 1950

From this reading RETREAT FROM JAFFA--POISONING OF FIVE HUNDRED SOLDIERS--DIFFERENT ENGLISH AUTHORITIES THEREON--NAPOLEON’S OWN STORY, ALSO THOSE OF LAS CASES AND O’MEARA--RETREAT TO CAIRO.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading Combe speaks of it thus-- Another great thing Boney now did, With sick the hospitals were crowded, He therefore planned, nor planned in vain, To put the wretches out of pain; He an apothecary found-- For a physician, since renown’d, The butchering task with scorn declined, Th’ apothecary, tho’, was _kind_.

LASnounUS /lɑːs/

plural of “la” — a white soft metallic element that tarnishes readily; occurs in rare earth minerals and is usually classified as a rare earth

From this reading RETREAT FROM JAFFA--POISONING OF FIVE HUNDRED SOLDIERS--DIFFERENT ENGLISH AUTHORITIES THEREON--NAPOLEON’S OWN STORY, ALSO THOSE OF LAS CASES AND O’MEARA--RETREAT TO CAIRO.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading It was nothing less than that he poisoned, with opium, 500 of his sick soldiers, before he left Jaffa.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading It was nothing less than that he poisoned, with opium, 500 of his sick soldiers, before he left Jaffa.

massacreverbUS /ˈmæsəkər/

kill a large number of people indiscriminately

From this reading But this retreat became the subject of a dreadful accusation against Napoleon, which must have hit him hard at the time of his projected invasion in 1803--aye, quite as hard as the massacre at Jaffa.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading But this retreat became the subject of a dreadful accusation against Napoleon, which must have hit him hard at the time of his projected invasion in 1803--aye, quite as hard as the massacre at Jaffa.

NapoleonnounUS /nəˈpoʊliən/

French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

From this reading But this retreat became the subject of a dreadful accusation against Napoleon, which must have hit him hard at the time of his projected invasion in 1803--aye, quite as hard as the massacre at Jaffa.

NAPOLEON'SnounUS /nəˈpoʊliənz/

possessive form of “napoleon” — French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

From this reading RETREAT FROM JAFFA--POISONING OF FIVE HUNDRED SOLDIERS--DIFFERENT ENGLISH AUTHORITIES THEREON--NAPOLEON’S OWN STORY, ALSO THOSE OF LAS CASES AND O’MEARA--RETREAT TO CAIRO.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading Combe speaks of it thus-- Another great thing Boney now did, With sick the hospitals were crowded, He therefore planned, nor planned in vain, To put the wretches out of pain; He an apothecary found-- For a physician, since renown’d, The butchering task with scorn declined, Th’ apothecary, tho’, was _kind_.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading It was nothing less than that he poisoned, with opium, 500 of his sick soldiers, before he left Jaffa.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Combe speaks of it thus-- Another great thing Boney now did, With sick the hospitals were crowded, He therefore planned, nor planned in vain, To put the wretches out of pain; He an apothecary found-- For a physician, since renown’d, The butchering task with scorn declined, Th’ apothecary, tho’, was _kind_.

O'MEARA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading RETREAT FROM JAFFA--POISONING OF FIVE HUNDRED SOLDIERS--DIFFERENT ENGLISH AUTHORITIES THEREON--NAPOLEON’S OWN STORY, ALSO THOSE OF LAS CASES AND O’MEARA--RETREAT TO CAIRO.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading RETREAT FROM JAFFA--POISONING OF FIVE HUNDRED SOLDIERS--DIFFERENT ENGLISH AUTHORITIES THEREON--NAPOLEON’S OWN STORY, ALSO THOSE OF LAS CASES AND O’MEARA--RETREAT TO CAIRO.

opiumnounUS /ˈoʊpiəm/

an addictive narcotic extracted from seed capsules of the opium poppy

From this reading It was nothing less than that he poisoned, with opium, 500 of his sick soldiers, before he left Jaffa.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Combe speaks of it thus-- Another great thing Boney now did, With sick the hospitals were crowded, He therefore planned, nor planned in vain, To put the wretches out of pain; He an apothecary found-- For a physician, since renown’d, The butchering task with scorn declined, Th’ apothecary, tho’, was _kind_.

OWNverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading RETREAT FROM JAFFA--POISONING OF FIVE HUNDRED SOLDIERS--DIFFERENT ENGLISH AUTHORITIES THEREON--NAPOLEON’S OWN STORY, ALSO THOSE OF LAS CASES AND O’MEARA--RETREAT TO CAIRO.

painnounUS /peɪn/

a symptom of some physical hurt or disorder

From this reading Combe speaks of it thus-- Another great thing Boney now did, With sick the hospitals were crowded, He therefore planned, nor planned in vain, To put the wretches out of pain; He an apothecary found-- For a physician, since renown’d, The butchering task with scorn declined, Th’ apothecary, tho’, was _kind_.

physiciannounUS /fəˈzɪʃən/

a licensed medical practitioner

From this reading Combe speaks of it thus-- Another great thing Boney now did, With sick the hospitals were crowded, He therefore planned, nor planned in vain, To put the wretches out of pain; He an apothecary found-- For a physician, since renown’d, The butchering task with scorn declined, Th’ apothecary, tho’, was _kind_.

plannedadjectiveUS /plænd/

designed or carried out according to a plan

From this reading Combe speaks of it thus-- Another great thing Boney now did, With sick the hospitals were crowded, He therefore planned, nor planned in vain, To put the wretches out of pain; He an apothecary found-- For a physician, since renown’d, The butchering task with scorn declined, Th’ apothecary, tho’, was _kind_.

poisonedverbUS /ˈpɔɪzənd/

past form of “poison” — spoil as if by poison

From this reading It was nothing less than that he poisoned, with opium, 500 of his sick soldiers, before he left Jaffa.

POISONINGnounUS /ˈpɔɪzənɪŋ/

the physiological state produced by a poison or other toxic substance

From this reading RETREAT FROM JAFFA--POISONING OF FIVE HUNDRED SOLDIERS--DIFFERENT ENGLISH AUTHORITIES THEREON--NAPOLEON’S OWN STORY, ALSO THOSE OF LAS CASES AND O’MEARA--RETREAT TO CAIRO.

projectedadjectiveUS /prəˈdʒektəd/

extending out above or beyond a surface or boundary

From this reading But this retreat became the subject of a dreadful accusation against Napoleon, which must have hit him hard at the time of his projected invasion in 1803--aye, quite as hard as the massacre at Jaffa.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Combe speaks of it thus-- Another great thing Boney now did, With sick the hospitals were crowded, He therefore planned, nor planned in vain, To put the wretches out of pain; He an apothecary found-- For a physician, since renown’d, The butchering task with scorn declined, Th’ apothecary, tho’, was _kind_.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading But this retreat became the subject of a dreadful accusation against Napoleon, which must have hit him hard at the time of his projected invasion in 1803--aye, quite as hard as the massacre at Jaffa.

renown'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Combe speaks of it thus-- Another great thing Boney now did, With sick the hospitals were crowded, He therefore planned, nor planned in vain, To put the wretches out of pain; He an apothecary found-- For a physician, since renown’d, The butchering task with scorn declined, Th’ apothecary, tho’, was _kind_.

RETREATnounUS /riˈtriːt/

(military) withdrawal of troops to a more favorable position to escape the enemy's superior forces or after a defeat

From this reading RETREAT FROM JAFFA--POISONING OF FIVE HUNDRED SOLDIERS--DIFFERENT ENGLISH AUTHORITIES THEREON--NAPOLEON’S OWN STORY, ALSO THOSE OF LAS CASES AND O’MEARA--RETREAT TO CAIRO.

scornnounUS /skɔːrn/

lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike

From this reading Combe speaks of it thus-- Another great thing Boney now did, With sick the hospitals were crowded, He therefore planned, nor planned in vain, To put the wretches out of pain; He an apothecary found-- For a physician, since renown’d, The butchering task with scorn declined, Th’ apothecary, tho’, was _kind_.

shownverbUS /ʃoʊn/

inflected form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading There was a solid foundation for this fearful charge, as will be shown hereafter.

sickadjectiveUS /sɪk/

affected by an impairment of normal physical or mental function

From this reading It was nothing less than that he poisoned, with opium, 500 of his sick soldiers, before he left Jaffa.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Combe speaks of it thus-- Another great thing Boney now did, With sick the hospitals were crowded, He therefore planned, nor planned in vain, To put the wretches out of pain; He an apothecary found-- For a physician, since renown’d, The butchering task with scorn declined, Th’ apothecary, tho’, was _kind_.

SOLDIERSnounUS /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

plural of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading RETREAT FROM JAFFA--POISONING OF FIVE HUNDRED SOLDIERS--DIFFERENT ENGLISH AUTHORITIES THEREON--NAPOLEON’S OWN STORY, ALSO THOSE OF LAS CASES AND O’MEARA--RETREAT TO CAIRO.

solidadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːləd/

characterized by good substantial quality

From this reading There was a solid foundation for this fearful charge, as will be shown hereafter.

speaksverbUS /spiːks/

third-person singular of “speak” — express in speech

From this reading Combe speaks of it thus-- Another great thing Boney now did, With sick the hospitals were crowded, He therefore planned, nor planned in vain, To put the wretches out of pain; He an apothecary found-- For a physician, since renown’d, The butchering task with scorn declined, Th’ apothecary, tho’, was _kind_.

STORYnounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading RETREAT FROM JAFFA--POISONING OF FIVE HUNDRED SOLDIERS--DIFFERENT ENGLISH AUTHORITIES THEREON--NAPOLEON’S OWN STORY, ALSO THOSE OF LAS CASES AND O’MEARA--RETREAT TO CAIRO.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading But this retreat became the subject of a dreadful accusation against Napoleon, which must have hit him hard at the time of his projected invasion in 1803--aye, quite as hard as the massacre at Jaffa.

tasknounUS /tæsk/

any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading Combe speaks of it thus-- Another great thing Boney now did, With sick the hospitals were crowded, He therefore planned, nor planned in vain, To put the wretches out of pain; He an apothecary found-- For a physician, since renown’d, The butchering task with scorn declined, Th’ apothecary, tho’, was _kind_.

ThnounUS /ˈtiːˈeɪtʃ/

the fifth day of the week; the fourth working day

From this reading Combe speaks of it thus-- Another great thing Boney now did, With sick the hospitals were crowded, He therefore planned, nor planned in vain, To put the wretches out of pain; He an apothecary found-- For a physician, since renown’d, The butchering task with scorn declined, Th’ apothecary, tho’, was _kind_.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading It was nothing less than that he poisoned, with opium, 500 of his sick soldiers, before he left Jaffa.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was nothing less than that he poisoned, with opium, 500 of his sick soldiers, before he left Jaffa.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading But this retreat became the subject of a dreadful accusation against Napoleon, which must have hit him hard at the time of his projected invasion in 1803--aye, quite as hard as the massacre at Jaffa.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There was a solid foundation for this fearful charge, as will be shown hereafter.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading Combe speaks of it thus-- Another great thing Boney now did, With sick the hospitals were crowded, He therefore planned, nor planned in vain, To put the wretches out of pain; He an apothecary found-- For a physician, since renown’d, The butchering task with scorn declined, Th’ apothecary, tho’, was _kind_.

THEREONadverbUS /ðeˈrɔːn/

on that

From this reading RETREAT FROM JAFFA--POISONING OF FIVE HUNDRED SOLDIERS--DIFFERENT ENGLISH AUTHORITIES THEREON--NAPOLEON’S OWN STORY, ALSO THOSE OF LAS CASES AND O’MEARA--RETREAT TO CAIRO.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading Combe speaks of it thus-- Another great thing Boney now did, With sick the hospitals were crowded, He therefore planned, nor planned in vain, To put the wretches out of pain; He an apothecary found-- For a physician, since renown’d, The butchering task with scorn declined, Th’ apothecary, tho’, was _kind_.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading But this retreat became the subject of a dreadful accusation against Napoleon, which must have hit him hard at the time of his projected invasion in 1803--aye, quite as hard as the massacre at Jaffa.

thonounUS /ðoʊ/

a branch of the Tai languages

From this reading Combe speaks of it thus-- Another great thing Boney now did, With sick the hospitals were crowded, He therefore planned, nor planned in vain, To put the wretches out of pain; He an apothecary found-- For a physician, since renown’d, The butchering task with scorn declined, Th’ apothecary, tho’, was _kind_.

THOSEdeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading RETREAT FROM JAFFA--POISONING OF FIVE HUNDRED SOLDIERS--DIFFERENT ENGLISH AUTHORITIES THEREON--NAPOLEON’S OWN STORY, ALSO THOSE OF LAS CASES AND O’MEARA--RETREAT TO CAIRO.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading Combe speaks of it thus-- Another great thing Boney now did, With sick the hospitals were crowded, He therefore planned, nor planned in vain, To put the wretches out of pain; He an apothecary found-- For a physician, since renown’d, The butchering task with scorn declined, Th’ apothecary, tho’, was _kind_.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading But this retreat became the subject of a dreadful accusation against Napoleon, which must have hit him hard at the time of his projected invasion in 1803--aye, quite as hard as the massacre at Jaffa.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading RETREAT FROM JAFFA--POISONING OF FIVE HUNDRED SOLDIERS--DIFFERENT ENGLISH AUTHORITIES THEREON--NAPOLEON’S OWN STORY, ALSO THOSE OF LAS CASES AND O’MEARA--RETREAT TO CAIRO.

vainadjectiveUS /veɪn/

characteristic of false pride; having an exaggerated sense of self-importance

From this reading Combe speaks of it thus-- Another great thing Boney now did, With sick the hospitals were crowded, He therefore planned, nor planned in vain, To put the wretches out of pain; He an apothecary found-- For a physician, since renown’d, The butchering task with scorn declined, Th’ apothecary, tho’, was _kind_.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was nothing less than that he poisoned, with opium, 500 of his sick soldiers, before he left Jaffa.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Combe speaks of it thus-- Another great thing Boney now did, With sick the hospitals were crowded, He therefore planned, nor planned in vain, To put the wretches out of pain; He an apothecary found-- For a physician, since renown’d, The butchering task with scorn declined, Th’ apothecary, tho’, was _kind_.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading But this retreat became the subject of a dreadful accusation against Napoleon, which must have hit him hard at the time of his projected invasion in 1803--aye, quite as hard as the massacre at Jaffa.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading There was a solid foundation for this fearful charge, as will be shown hereafter.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It was nothing less than that he poisoned, with opium, 500 of his sick soldiers, before he left Jaffa.

wretches

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Combe speaks of it thus-- Another great thing Boney now did, With sick the hospitals were crowded, He therefore planned, nor planned in vain, To put the wretches out of pain; He an apothecary found-- For a physician, since renown’d, The butchering task with scorn declined, Th’ apothecary, tho’, was _kind_.

Chapter 16 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2) by John Ashton holds 73 sentences, grouped into 15 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

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Chapter 16 holds 73 sentences of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2), unabridged, divided into 15 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2) by John Ashton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 73 sentences, grouped into 15 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

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Vocabulary met early in English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2)

Words and structures a reader meets early in English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Superscripted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 1 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Characters
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Preceded
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Caret
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