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English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2)
English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2)

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2) is here in full — 100 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/20 · 5 lines
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NAPOLEON’S LETTER TO GEORGE THE THIRD--NAVAL VICTORIES--CROWNED KING OF ITALY--ALLIANCE OF EUROPE--WITHDRAWAL OF THE ‘ARMY OF ENGLAND.’
Very shortly after his coronation, and with the commencement of the year 1805, Napoleon wrote a letter to George the Third, intimating how beneficial peace would be to both countries.
The text of this letter, and its answer, are as follow:-- Sire, my brother,--Called to the throne by Providence, and the suffrages of the Senate, the people, and the army, my first feeling was the desire for peace.
France and England abuse their prosperity: they may continue their strife for ages; but will their governments, in so doing, fulfil the most sacred of the duties which they owe to their people?
And how will they answer to their consciences for so much blood uselessly shed, and without the prospect of any good whatever to their subjects?
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2)

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2) is here in full — 100 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/20 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
NAPOLEON’S LETTER TO GEORGE THE THIRD--NAVAL VICTORIES--CROWNED KING OF ITALY--ALLIANCE OF EUROPE--WITHDRAWAL OF THE ‘ARMY OF ENGLAND.’
Line 2
Very shortly after his coronation, and with the commencement of the year 1805, Napoleon wrote a letter to George the Third, intimating how beneficial peace would be to both countries.
Line 3
The text of this letter, and its answer, are as follow:-- Sire, my brother,--Called to the throne by Providence, and the suffrages of the Senate, the people, and the army, my first feeling was the desire for peace.
Line 4
France and England abuse their prosperity: they may continue their strife for ages; but will their governments, in so doing, fulfil the most sacred of the duties which they owe to their people?
/fræns ənd ˈɪŋɡlənd əˈbjuːs ðer prɑːˈsperəti ðeɪ meɪ kənˈtɪnjuː ðer straɪf fɔːr ˈeɪdʒəz bʌt wɪl ðer ˈɡʌvərmənts ɪn soʊ ˈduːɪŋ fʊlˈfɪl ðə moʊst ˈseɪkrəd ʌv ðə ˈduːtiz wɪtʃ ðeɪ oʊ tuː ðer ˈpiːpəl/
Line 5
And how will they answer to their consciences for so much blood uselessly shed, and without the prospect of any good whatever to their subjects?

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

beneficial adjective US /ˌbenəˈfɪʃəl/

promoting or enhancing well-being

From this reading “Very shortly after his coronation, and with the commencement of the year 1805, Napoleon wrote a letter to George the Third, intimating how beneficial peace would be to both countries.”

consciences noun US /ˈkɑːntʃɪnsɪz/

plural of “conscience” — motivation deriving logically from ethical or moral principles that govern a person's thoughts and actions

From this reading “And how will they answer to their consciences for so much blood uselessly shed, and without the prospect of any good whatever to their subjects?”

coronation noun US /ˌkɔːrəˈneɪʃən/

the ceremony of installing a new monarch

From this reading “Very shortly after his coronation, and with the commencement of the year 1805, Napoleon wrote a letter to George the Third, intimating how beneficial peace would be to both countries.”

governments noun US /ˈɡʌvərmənts/

plural of “government” — the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading “France and England abuse their prosperity: they may continue their strife for ages; but will their governments, in so doing, fulfil the most sacred of the duties which they owe to their people?”

napoleon's noun US /nəˈpoʊliənz/

possessive form of “napoleon” — French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

Senate noun US /ˈsenət/

assembly possessing high legislative powers

From this reading “The text of this letter, and its answer, are as follow:-- Sire, my brother,--Called to the throne by Providence, and the suffrages of the Senate, the people, and the army, my first feeling was the desire for peace.”

victories noun US /ˈvɪktəriz/

plural of “victory” — a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading “NAPOLEON’S LETTER TO GEORGE THE THIRD--NAVAL VICTORIES--CROWNED KING OF ITALY--ALLIANCE OF EUROPE--WITHDRAWAL OF THE ‘ARMY OF ENGLAND.’”

withdrawal noun US /wɪðˈdrɔːəl/

a retraction of a previously held position

From this reading “NAPOLEON’S LETTER TO GEORGE THE THIRD--NAVAL VICTORIES--CROWNED KING OF ITALY--ALLIANCE OF EUROPE--WITHDRAWAL OF THE ‘ARMY OF ENGLAND.’”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

wrote a letter verb + article + noun counted as “write … letter”

In this reading “Very shortly after his coronation, and with the commencement of the year 1805, Napoleon wrote a letter to George the Third, intimating how beneficial peace would be to both countries.”

most sacred adverb + adjective

In this reading “France and England abuse their prosperity: they may continue their strife for ages; but will their governments, in so doing, fulfil the most sacred of the duties which they owe to their people?”

All words in this reading · 92

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1805

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Very shortly after his coronation, and with the commencement of the year 1805, Napoleon wrote a letter to George the Third, intimating how beneficial peace would be to both countries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Very shortly after his coronation, and with the commencement of the year 1805, Napoleon wrote a letter to George the Third, intimating how beneficial peace would be to both countries.

abuseverbUS /əˈbjuːs/

treat badly

From this reading France and England abuse their prosperity: they may continue their strife for ages; but will their governments, in so doing, fulfil the most sacred of the duties which they owe to their people?

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Very shortly after his coronation, and with the commencement of the year 1805, Napoleon wrote a letter to George the Third, intimating how beneficial peace would be to both countries.

agesnounUS /ˈeɪdʒəz/

plural of “age” — how long something has existed

From this reading France and England abuse their prosperity: they may continue their strife for ages; but will their governments, in so doing, fulfil the most sacred of the duties which they owe to their people?

ALLIANCEnounUS /əˈlaɪəns/

the state of being allied or confederated

From this reading NAPOLEON’S LETTER TO GEORGE THE THIRD--NAVAL VICTORIES--CROWNED KING OF ITALY--ALLIANCE OF EUROPE--WITHDRAWAL OF THE ‘ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Very shortly after his coronation, and with the commencement of the year 1805, Napoleon wrote a letter to George the Third, intimating how beneficial peace would be to both countries.

answerverbUS /ˈænsər/

react verbally

From this reading The text of this letter, and its answer, are as follow:-- Sire, my brother,--Called to the throne by Providence, and the suffrages of the Senate, the people, and the army, my first feeling was the desire for peace.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading And how will they answer to their consciences for so much blood uselessly shed, and without the prospect of any good whatever to their subjects?

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The text of this letter, and its answer, are as follow:-- Sire, my brother,--Called to the throne by Providence, and the suffrages of the Senate, the people, and the army, my first feeling was the desire for peace.

ARMYnounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading NAPOLEON’S LETTER TO GEORGE THE THIRD--NAVAL VICTORIES--CROWNED KING OF ITALY--ALLIANCE OF EUROPE--WITHDRAWAL OF THE ‘ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The text of this letter, and its answer, are as follow:-- Sire, my brother,--Called to the throne by Providence, and the suffrages of the Senate, the people, and the army, my first feeling was the desire for peace.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Very shortly after his coronation, and with the commencement of the year 1805, Napoleon wrote a letter to George the Third, intimating how beneficial peace would be to both countries.

beneficialadjectiveUS /ˌbenəˈfɪʃəl/

promoting or enhancing well-being

From this reading Very shortly after his coronation, and with the commencement of the year 1805, Napoleon wrote a letter to George the Third, intimating how beneficial peace would be to both countries.

bloodnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading And how will they answer to their consciences for so much blood uselessly shed, and without the prospect of any good whatever to their subjects?

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading Very shortly after his coronation, and with the commencement of the year 1805, Napoleon wrote a letter to George the Third, intimating how beneficial peace would be to both countries.

brothernounUS /ˈbrʌðər/

a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading The text of this letter, and its answer, are as follow:-- Sire, my brother,--Called to the throne by Providence, and the suffrages of the Senate, the people, and the army, my first feeling was the desire for peace.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading France and England abuse their prosperity: they may continue their strife for ages; but will their governments, in so doing, fulfil the most sacred of the duties which they owe to their people?

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The text of this letter, and its answer, are as follow:-- Sire, my brother,--Called to the throne by Providence, and the suffrages of the Senate, the people, and the army, my first feeling was the desire for peace.

CalledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The text of this letter, and its answer, are as follow:-- Sire, my brother,--Called to the throne by Providence, and the suffrages of the Senate, the people, and the army, my first feeling was the desire for peace.

commencementnounUS /kəˈmensmənt/

the time at which something is supposed to begin

From this reading Very shortly after his coronation, and with the commencement of the year 1805, Napoleon wrote a letter to George the Third, intimating how beneficial peace would be to both countries.

consciencesnounUS /ˈkɑːntʃɪnsɪz/

plural of “conscience” — motivation deriving logically from ethical or moral principles that govern a person's thoughts and actions

From this reading And how will they answer to their consciences for so much blood uselessly shed, and without the prospect of any good whatever to their subjects?

continueverbUS /kənˈtɪnjuː/

continue a certain state, condition, or activity

From this reading France and England abuse their prosperity: they may continue their strife for ages; but will their governments, in so doing, fulfil the most sacred of the duties which they owe to their people?

coronationnounUS /ˌkɔːrəˈneɪʃən/

the ceremony of installing a new monarch

From this reading Very shortly after his coronation, and with the commencement of the year 1805, Napoleon wrote a letter to George the Third, intimating how beneficial peace would be to both countries.

countriesnounUS /ˈkʌntriz/

plural of “country” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Very shortly after his coronation, and with the commencement of the year 1805, Napoleon wrote a letter to George the Third, intimating how beneficial peace would be to both countries.

CROWNEDadjectiveUS /kraʊnd/

having an (artificial) crown on a tooth

From this reading NAPOLEON’S LETTER TO GEORGE THE THIRD--NAVAL VICTORIES--CROWNED KING OF ITALY--ALLIANCE OF EUROPE--WITHDRAWAL OF THE ‘ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

desirenounUS /dɪˈzaɪər/

the feeling that accompanies an unsatisfied state

From this reading The text of this letter, and its answer, are as follow:-- Sire, my brother,--Called to the throne by Providence, and the suffrages of the Senate, the people, and the army, my first feeling was the desire for peace.

doingverbUS /ˈduːɪŋ/

-ing form of “do” — engage in

From this reading France and England abuse their prosperity: they may continue their strife for ages; but will their governments, in so doing, fulfil the most sacred of the duties which they owe to their people?

dutiesnounUS /ˈduːtiz/

plural of “duty” — the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading France and England abuse their prosperity: they may continue their strife for ages; but will their governments, in so doing, fulfil the most sacred of the duties which they owe to their people?

ENGLANDnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading NAPOLEON’S LETTER TO GEORGE THE THIRD--NAVAL VICTORIES--CROWNED KING OF ITALY--ALLIANCE OF EUROPE--WITHDRAWAL OF THE ‘ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

EUROPEnounUS /ˈjʊrəp/

the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use “Europe” to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles

From this reading NAPOLEON’S LETTER TO GEORGE THE THIRD--NAVAL VICTORIES--CROWNED KING OF ITALY--ALLIANCE OF EUROPE--WITHDRAWAL OF THE ‘ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

feelingnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋ/

the experiencing of affective and emotional states

From this reading The text of this letter, and its answer, are as follow:-- Sire, my brother,--Called to the throne by Providence, and the suffrages of the Senate, the people, and the army, my first feeling was the desire for peace.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The text of this letter, and its answer, are as follow:-- Sire, my brother,--Called to the throne by Providence, and the suffrages of the Senate, the people, and the army, my first feeling was the desire for peace.

followverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊ/

to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading The text of this letter, and its answer, are as follow:-- Sire, my brother,--Called to the throne by Providence, and the suffrages of the Senate, the people, and the army, my first feeling was the desire for peace.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The text of this letter, and its answer, are as follow:-- Sire, my brother,--Called to the throne by Providence, and the suffrages of the Senate, the people, and the army, my first feeling was the desire for peace.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading France and England abuse their prosperity: they may continue their strife for ages; but will their governments, in so doing, fulfil the most sacred of the duties which they owe to their people?

fulfilverbUS /fʊlˈfɪl/

put in effect

From this reading France and England abuse their prosperity: they may continue their strife for ages; but will their governments, in so doing, fulfil the most sacred of the duties which they owe to their people?

GEORGEnounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading NAPOLEON’S LETTER TO GEORGE THE THIRD--NAVAL VICTORIES--CROWNED KING OF ITALY--ALLIANCE OF EUROPE--WITHDRAWAL OF THE ‘ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading And how will they answer to their consciences for so much blood uselessly shed, and without the prospect of any good whatever to their subjects?

governmentsnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənts/

plural of “government” — the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading France and England abuse their prosperity: they may continue their strife for ages; but will their governments, in so doing, fulfil the most sacred of the duties which they owe to their people?

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Very shortly after his coronation, and with the commencement of the year 1805, Napoleon wrote a letter to George the Third, intimating how beneficial peace would be to both countries.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Very shortly after his coronation, and with the commencement of the year 1805, Napoleon wrote a letter to George the Third, intimating how beneficial peace would be to both countries.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading France and England abuse their prosperity: they may continue their strife for ages; but will their governments, in so doing, fulfil the most sacred of the duties which they owe to their people?

intimating

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Very shortly after his coronation, and with the commencement of the year 1805, Napoleon wrote a letter to George the Third, intimating how beneficial peace would be to both countries.

ITALYnounUS /ˈɪtəli/

a republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD

From this reading NAPOLEON’S LETTER TO GEORGE THE THIRD--NAVAL VICTORIES--CROWNED KING OF ITALY--ALLIANCE OF EUROPE--WITHDRAWAL OF THE ‘ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The text of this letter, and its answer, are as follow:-- Sire, my brother,--Called to the throne by Providence, and the suffrages of the Senate, the people, and the army, my first feeling was the desire for peace.

KINGnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading NAPOLEON’S LETTER TO GEORGE THE THIRD--NAVAL VICTORIES--CROWNED KING OF ITALY--ALLIANCE OF EUROPE--WITHDRAWAL OF THE ‘ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

LETTERnounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading NAPOLEON’S LETTER TO GEORGE THE THIRD--NAVAL VICTORIES--CROWNED KING OF ITALY--ALLIANCE OF EUROPE--WITHDRAWAL OF THE ‘ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading France and England abuse their prosperity: they may continue their strife for ages; but will their governments, in so doing, fulfil the most sacred of the duties which they owe to their people?

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading France and England abuse their prosperity: they may continue their strife for ages; but will their governments, in so doing, fulfil the most sacred of the duties which they owe to their people?

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading And how will they answer to their consciences for so much blood uselessly shed, and without the prospect of any good whatever to their subjects?

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading The text of this letter, and its answer, are as follow:-- Sire, my brother,--Called to the throne by Providence, and the suffrages of the Senate, the people, and the army, my first feeling was the desire for peace.

NapoleonnounUS /nəˈpoʊliən/

French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

From this reading Very shortly after his coronation, and with the commencement of the year 1805, Napoleon wrote a letter to George the Third, intimating how beneficial peace would be to both countries.

NAPOLEON'SnounUS /nəˈpoʊliənz/

possessive form of “napoleon” — French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

From this reading NAPOLEON’S LETTER TO GEORGE THE THIRD--NAVAL VICTORIES--CROWNED KING OF ITALY--ALLIANCE OF EUROPE--WITHDRAWAL OF THE ‘ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

NAVALadjectiveUS /ˈneɪvəl/

connected with or belonging to or used in a navy

From this reading NAPOLEON’S LETTER TO GEORGE THE THIRD--NAVAL VICTORIES--CROWNED KING OF ITALY--ALLIANCE OF EUROPE--WITHDRAWAL OF THE ‘ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading NAPOLEON’S LETTER TO GEORGE THE THIRD--NAVAL VICTORIES--CROWNED KING OF ITALY--ALLIANCE OF EUROPE--WITHDRAWAL OF THE ‘ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

oweverbUS /oʊ/

be obliged to pay or repay

From this reading France and England abuse their prosperity: they may continue their strife for ages; but will their governments, in so doing, fulfil the most sacred of the duties which they owe to their people?

peacenounUS /piːs/

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading Very shortly after his coronation, and with the commencement of the year 1805, Napoleon wrote a letter to George the Third, intimating how beneficial peace would be to both countries.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading The text of this letter, and its answer, are as follow:-- Sire, my brother,--Called to the throne by Providence, and the suffrages of the Senate, the people, and the army, my first feeling was the desire for peace.

prospectnounUS /ˈprɑːspekt/

the possibility of future success

From this reading And how will they answer to their consciences for so much blood uselessly shed, and without the prospect of any good whatever to their subjects?

prosperitynounUS /prɑːˈsperəti/

an economic state of growth with rising profits and full employment

From this reading France and England abuse their prosperity: they may continue their strife for ages; but will their governments, in so doing, fulfil the most sacred of the duties which they owe to their people?

ProvidencenounUS /ˈprɑː.və.dəns/

The protective care of God or nature as a spiritual power. (Sự quan phòng, thiên ý phù hộ.)

From this reading The text of this letter, and its answer, are as follow:-- Sire, my brother,--Called to the throne by Providence, and the suffrages of the Senate, the people, and the army, my first feeling was the desire for peace.

sacredadjectiveUS /ˈseɪkrəd/

concerned with religion or religious purposes

From this reading France and England abuse their prosperity: they may continue their strife for ages; but will their governments, in so doing, fulfil the most sacred of the duties which they owe to their people?

SenatenounUS /ˈsenət/

assembly possessing high legislative powers

From this reading The text of this letter, and its answer, are as follow:-- Sire, my brother,--Called to the throne by Providence, and the suffrages of the Senate, the people, and the army, my first feeling was the desire for peace.

shedverbUS /ʃed/

get rid of

From this reading And how will they answer to their consciences for so much blood uselessly shed, and without the prospect of any good whatever to their subjects?

shortlyadverbUS /ˈʃɔːrtli/

for a short time

From this reading Very shortly after his coronation, and with the commencement of the year 1805, Napoleon wrote a letter to George the Third, intimating how beneficial peace would be to both countries.

SireverbUS /ˈsaɪər/

make (offspring) by reproduction

From this reading The text of this letter, and its answer, are as follow:-- Sire, my brother,--Called to the throne by Providence, and the suffrages of the Senate, the people, and the army, my first feeling was the desire for peace.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading France and England abuse their prosperity: they may continue their strife for ages; but will their governments, in so doing, fulfil the most sacred of the duties which they owe to their people?

strifenounUS /straɪf/

lack of agreement or harmony

From this reading France and England abuse their prosperity: they may continue their strife for ages; but will their governments, in so doing, fulfil the most sacred of the duties which they owe to their people?

subjectsnounUS /ˈsʌbdʒɪkts/

plural of “subject” — the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading And how will they answer to their consciences for so much blood uselessly shed, and without the prospect of any good whatever to their subjects?

suffrages

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The text of this letter, and its answer, are as follow:-- Sire, my brother,--Called to the throne by Providence, and the suffrages of the Senate, the people, and the army, my first feeling was the desire for peace.

textnounUS /tekst/

the words of something written

From this reading The text of this letter, and its answer, are as follow:-- Sire, my brother,--Called to the throne by Providence, and the suffrages of the Senate, the people, and the army, my first feeling was the desire for peace.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading NAPOLEON’S LETTER TO GEORGE THE THIRD--NAVAL VICTORIES--CROWNED KING OF ITALY--ALLIANCE OF EUROPE--WITHDRAWAL OF THE ‘ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading France and England abuse their prosperity: they may continue their strife for ages; but will their governments, in so doing, fulfil the most sacred of the duties which they owe to their people?

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading France and England abuse their prosperity: they may continue their strife for ages; but will their governments, in so doing, fulfil the most sacred of the duties which they owe to their people?

THIRDnounUS /θɜːrd/

one of three equal parts of a divisible whole

From this reading NAPOLEON’S LETTER TO GEORGE THE THIRD--NAVAL VICTORIES--CROWNED KING OF ITALY--ALLIANCE OF EUROPE--WITHDRAWAL OF THE ‘ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The text of this letter, and its answer, are as follow:-- Sire, my brother,--Called to the throne by Providence, and the suffrages of the Senate, the people, and the army, my first feeling was the desire for peace.

thronenounUS /θroʊn/

the chair of state for a monarch, bishop, etc.

From this reading The text of this letter, and its answer, are as follow:-- Sire, my brother,--Called to the throne by Providence, and the suffrages of the Senate, the people, and the army, my first feeling was the desire for peace.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading NAPOLEON’S LETTER TO GEORGE THE THIRD--NAVAL VICTORIES--CROWNED KING OF ITALY--ALLIANCE OF EUROPE--WITHDRAWAL OF THE ‘ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

uselesslyadverb

in a useless manner

From this reading And how will they answer to their consciences for so much blood uselessly shed, and without the prospect of any good whatever to their subjects?

VeryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Very shortly after his coronation, and with the commencement of the year 1805, Napoleon wrote a letter to George the Third, intimating how beneficial peace would be to both countries.

VICTORIESnounUS /ˈvɪktəriz/

plural of “victory” — a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading NAPOLEON’S LETTER TO GEORGE THE THIRD--NAVAL VICTORIES--CROWNED KING OF ITALY--ALLIANCE OF EUROPE--WITHDRAWAL OF THE ‘ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The text of this letter, and its answer, are as follow:-- Sire, my brother,--Called to the throne by Providence, and the suffrages of the Senate, the people, and the army, my first feeling was the desire for peace.

whateverdeterminerUS /ˌwʌˈtevər/

any or all of a kind, it does not matter which

From this reading And how will they answer to their consciences for so much blood uselessly shed, and without the prospect of any good whatever to their subjects?

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading France and England abuse their prosperity: they may continue their strife for ages; but will their governments, in so doing, fulfil the most sacred of the duties which they owe to their people?

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading France and England abuse their prosperity: they may continue their strife for ages; but will their governments, in so doing, fulfil the most sacred of the duties which they owe to their people?

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Very shortly after his coronation, and with the commencement of the year 1805, Napoleon wrote a letter to George the Third, intimating how beneficial peace would be to both countries.

WITHDRAWALnounUS /wɪðˈdrɔːəl/

a retraction of a previously held position

From this reading NAPOLEON’S LETTER TO GEORGE THE THIRD--NAVAL VICTORIES--CROWNED KING OF ITALY--ALLIANCE OF EUROPE--WITHDRAWAL OF THE ‘ARMY OF ENGLAND.’

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading And how will they answer to their consciences for so much blood uselessly shed, and without the prospect of any good whatever to their subjects?

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Very shortly after his coronation, and with the commencement of the year 1805, Napoleon wrote a letter to George the Third, intimating how beneficial peace would be to both countries.

wroteverbUS /roʊt/

inflected form of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading Very shortly after his coronation, and with the commencement of the year 1805, Napoleon wrote a letter to George the Third, intimating how beneficial peace would be to both countries.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading Very shortly after his coronation, and with the commencement of the year 1805, Napoleon wrote a letter to George the Third, intimating how beneficial peace would be to both countries.

Chapter 4 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2) by John Ashton holds 100 sentences, grouped into 20 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2) contain?

Chapter 4 holds 100 sentences of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2), unabridged, divided into 20 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2) by John Ashton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 100 sentences, grouped into 20 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2)?

Work through the 20 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 20 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Yes. All 2772 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #50185 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #50185, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2) take to read?

About 231 minutes of reading across 555 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2)

Words and structures a reader meets early in English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Superscripted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Characters
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Preceded
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Caret
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.