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English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2)
English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2)

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2) is here in full — 94 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2)
Context Illustration Reading 1/18 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
PENINSULAR WAR, _continued_--MEETING AT ERFURT.
‘The Valley of the Shadow of Death’ is, as far as I know, the last caricature of Gillray (September 24, 1808) in connection with Napoleon--if, indeed, it can be called a caricature, for it is far too serious in its conception.
Napoleon’s situation at the moment is here firmly grasped.
He is surrounded by enemies.
With notched sword in hand, he leads the Russian bear.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2)

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2) is here in full — 94 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
PENINSULAR WAR, _continued_--MEETING AT ERFURT.
Line 2
‘The Valley of the Shadow of Death’ is, as far as I know, the last caricature of Gillray (September 24, 1808) in connection with Napoleon--if, indeed, it can be called a caricature, for it is far too serious in its conception.
Line 3
Napoleon’s situation at the moment is here firmly grasped.
/nəˈpoʊliənz ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃən æt ðə ˈmoʊmənt ɪz hiːr ˈfɜːrmli ɡræspt/
Line 4
He is surrounded by enemies.
/hiː ɪz sərˈaʊndɪd baɪ ˈenəmiz/
Line 5
With notched sword in hand, he leads the Russian bear.
/wɪð nɑːtʃt sɔːrd ɪn hænd hiː liːdz ðə ˈrʌʃən ber/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

caricature verb US /ˈkerəkətʃər/

represent in or produce a caricature of

From this reading “‘The Valley of the Shadow of Death’ is, as far as I know, the last caricature of Gillray (September 24, 1808) in connection with Napoleon--if, indeed, it can be called a caricature, for it is far too serious in its conception.”

conception noun US /kənˈsepʃən/

an abstract or general idea inferred or derived from specific instances

From this reading “‘The Valley of the Shadow of Death’ is, as far as I know, the last caricature of Gillray (September 24, 1808) in connection with Napoleon--if, indeed, it can be called a caricature, for it is far too serious in its conception.”

leads noun US /liːdz/

plural of “lead” — an advantage held by a competitor in a race

From this reading “With notched sword in hand, he leads the Russian bear.”

Napoleon noun US /nəˈpoʊliən/

French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

From this reading “‘The Valley of the Shadow of Death’ is, as far as I know, the last caricature of Gillray (September 24, 1808) in connection with Napoleon--if, indeed, it can be called a caricature, for it is far too serious in its conception.”

Napoleon's noun US /nəˈpoʊliənz/

possessive form of “napoleon” — French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

notched adjective US /nɑːtʃt/

notched like a saw with teeth pointing toward the apex

From this reading “With notched sword in hand, he leads the Russian bear.”

peninsular adjective US /pəˈnɪnsələr/

of or forming or resembling a peninsula

From this reading “PENINSULAR WAR, _continued_--MEETING AT ERFURT.”

September noun US /sepˈtembər/

the month following August and preceding October

From this reading “‘The Valley of the Shadow of Death’ is, as far as I know, the last caricature of Gillray (September 24, 1808) in connection with Napoleon--if, indeed, it can be called a caricature, for it is far too serious in its conception.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

in connection preposition + noun

In this reading “‘The Valley of the Shadow of Death’ is, as far as I know, the last caricature of Gillray (September 24, 1808) in connection with Napoleon--if, indeed, it can be called a caricature, for it is far too serious in its conception.”

too serious adverb + adjective

In this reading “‘The Valley of the Shadow of Death’ is, as far as I know, the last caricature of Gillray (September 24, 1808) in connection with Napoleon--if, indeed, it can be called a caricature, for it is far too serious in its conception.”

at the moment preposition + article + noun counted as “at … moment”

In this reading “Napoleon’s situation at the moment is here firmly grasped.”

All words in this reading · 54

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1808

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ‘The Valley of the Shadow of Death’ is, as far as I know, the last caricature of Gillray (September 24, 1808) in connection with Napoleon--if, indeed, it can be called a caricature, for it is far too serious in its conception.

24

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ‘The Valley of the Shadow of Death’ is, as far as I know, the last caricature of Gillray (September 24, 1808) in connection with Napoleon--if, indeed, it can be called a caricature, for it is far too serious in its conception.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading ‘The Valley of the Shadow of Death’ is, as far as I know, the last caricature of Gillray (September 24, 1808) in connection with Napoleon--if, indeed, it can be called a caricature, for it is far too serious in its conception.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading ‘The Valley of the Shadow of Death’ is, as far as I know, the last caricature of Gillray (September 24, 1808) in connection with Napoleon--if, indeed, it can be called a caricature, for it is far too serious in its conception.

ATprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading PENINSULAR WAR, _continued_--MEETING AT ERFURT.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading ‘The Valley of the Shadow of Death’ is, as far as I know, the last caricature of Gillray (September 24, 1808) in connection with Napoleon--if, indeed, it can be called a caricature, for it is far too serious in its conception.

bearverbUS /ber/

have

From this reading With notched sword in hand, he leads the Russian bear.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He is surrounded by enemies.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading ‘The Valley of the Shadow of Death’ is, as far as I know, the last caricature of Gillray (September 24, 1808) in connection with Napoleon--if, indeed, it can be called a caricature, for it is far too serious in its conception.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading ‘The Valley of the Shadow of Death’ is, as far as I know, the last caricature of Gillray (September 24, 1808) in connection with Napoleon--if, indeed, it can be called a caricature, for it is far too serious in its conception.

caricatureverbUS /ˈkerəkətʃər/

represent in or produce a caricature of

From this reading ‘The Valley of the Shadow of Death’ is, as far as I know, the last caricature of Gillray (September 24, 1808) in connection with Napoleon--if, indeed, it can be called a caricature, for it is far too serious in its conception.

conceptionnounUS /kənˈsepʃən/

an abstract or general idea inferred or derived from specific instances

From this reading ‘The Valley of the Shadow of Death’ is, as far as I know, the last caricature of Gillray (September 24, 1808) in connection with Napoleon--if, indeed, it can be called a caricature, for it is far too serious in its conception.

connectionnounUS /kəˈnekʃən/

a relation between things or events (as in the case of one causing the other or sharing features with it)

From this reading ‘The Valley of the Shadow of Death’ is, as far as I know, the last caricature of Gillray (September 24, 1808) in connection with Napoleon--if, indeed, it can be called a caricature, for it is far too serious in its conception.

continuedadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːd/

without stop or interruption

From this reading PENINSULAR WAR, _continued_--MEETING AT ERFURT.

DeathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading ‘The Valley of the Shadow of Death’ is, as far as I know, the last caricature of Gillray (September 24, 1808) in connection with Napoleon--if, indeed, it can be called a caricature, for it is far too serious in its conception.

enemiesnounUS /ˈenəmiz/

plural of “enemy” — an opposing military force

From this reading He is surrounded by enemies.

ERFURT

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PENINSULAR WAR, _continued_--MEETING AT ERFURT.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading ‘The Valley of the Shadow of Death’ is, as far as I know, the last caricature of Gillray (September 24, 1808) in connection with Napoleon--if, indeed, it can be called a caricature, for it is far too serious in its conception.

firmlyadverbUS /ˈfɜːrmli/

with resolute determination

From this reading Napoleon’s situation at the moment is here firmly grasped.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading ‘The Valley of the Shadow of Death’ is, as far as I know, the last caricature of Gillray (September 24, 1808) in connection with Napoleon--if, indeed, it can be called a caricature, for it is far too serious in its conception.

Gillray

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ‘The Valley of the Shadow of Death’ is, as far as I know, the last caricature of Gillray (September 24, 1808) in connection with Napoleon--if, indeed, it can be called a caricature, for it is far too serious in its conception.

graspedverbUS /ɡræspt/

past form of “grasp” — hold firmly

From this reading Napoleon’s situation at the moment is here firmly grasped.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading With notched sword in hand, he leads the Russian bear.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He is surrounded by enemies.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Napoleon’s situation at the moment is here firmly grasped.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading ‘The Valley of the Shadow of Death’ is, as far as I know, the last caricature of Gillray (September 24, 1808) in connection with Napoleon--if, indeed, it can be called a caricature, for it is far too serious in its conception.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading ‘The Valley of the Shadow of Death’ is, as far as I know, the last caricature of Gillray (September 24, 1808) in connection with Napoleon--if, indeed, it can be called a caricature, for it is far too serious in its conception.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading ‘The Valley of the Shadow of Death’ is, as far as I know, the last caricature of Gillray (September 24, 1808) in connection with Napoleon--if, indeed, it can be called a caricature, for it is far too serious in its conception.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading ‘The Valley of the Shadow of Death’ is, as far as I know, the last caricature of Gillray (September 24, 1808) in connection with Napoleon--if, indeed, it can be called a caricature, for it is far too serious in its conception.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading ‘The Valley of the Shadow of Death’ is, as far as I know, the last caricature of Gillray (September 24, 1808) in connection with Napoleon--if, indeed, it can be called a caricature, for it is far too serious in its conception.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading ‘The Valley of the Shadow of Death’ is, as far as I know, the last caricature of Gillray (September 24, 1808) in connection with Napoleon--if, indeed, it can be called a caricature, for it is far too serious in its conception.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading ‘The Valley of the Shadow of Death’ is, as far as I know, the last caricature of Gillray (September 24, 1808) in connection with Napoleon--if, indeed, it can be called a caricature, for it is far too serious in its conception.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading ‘The Valley of the Shadow of Death’ is, as far as I know, the last caricature of Gillray (September 24, 1808) in connection with Napoleon--if, indeed, it can be called a caricature, for it is far too serious in its conception.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading ‘The Valley of the Shadow of Death’ is, as far as I know, the last caricature of Gillray (September 24, 1808) in connection with Napoleon--if, indeed, it can be called a caricature, for it is far too serious in its conception.

leadsnounUS /liːdz/

plural of “lead” — an advantage held by a competitor in a race

From this reading With notched sword in hand, he leads the Russian bear.

MEETINGnounUS /ˈmiːtɪŋ/

a formally arranged gathering

From this reading PENINSULAR WAR, _continued_--MEETING AT ERFURT.

momentnounUS /ˈmoʊmənt/

a particular point in time

From this reading Napoleon’s situation at the moment is here firmly grasped.

NapoleonnounUS /nəˈpoʊliən/

French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

From this reading ‘The Valley of the Shadow of Death’ is, as far as I know, the last caricature of Gillray (September 24, 1808) in connection with Napoleon--if, indeed, it can be called a caricature, for it is far too serious in its conception.

Napoleon'snounUS /nəˈpoʊliənz/

possessive form of “napoleon” — French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

From this reading Napoleon’s situation at the moment is here firmly grasped.

notchedadjectiveUS /nɑːtʃt/

notched like a saw with teeth pointing toward the apex

From this reading With notched sword in hand, he leads the Russian bear.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading ‘The Valley of the Shadow of Death’ is, as far as I know, the last caricature of Gillray (September 24, 1808) in connection with Napoleon--if, indeed, it can be called a caricature, for it is far too serious in its conception.

PENINSULARadjectiveUS /pəˈnɪnsələr/

of or forming or resembling a peninsula

From this reading PENINSULAR WAR, _continued_--MEETING AT ERFURT.

RussiannounUS /ˈrʌʃən/

a native or inhabitant of Russia

From this reading With notched sword in hand, he leads the Russian bear.

SeptembernounUS /sepˈtembər/

the month following August and preceding October

From this reading ‘The Valley of the Shadow of Death’ is, as far as I know, the last caricature of Gillray (September 24, 1808) in connection with Napoleon--if, indeed, it can be called a caricature, for it is far too serious in its conception.

seriousadjectiveUS /ˈsɪriəs/

concerned with work or important matters rather than play or trivialities

From this reading ‘The Valley of the Shadow of Death’ is, as far as I know, the last caricature of Gillray (September 24, 1808) in connection with Napoleon--if, indeed, it can be called a caricature, for it is far too serious in its conception.

ShadownounUS /ˈʃæd.oʊ/

A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

From this reading ‘The Valley of the Shadow of Death’ is, as far as I know, the last caricature of Gillray (September 24, 1808) in connection with Napoleon--if, indeed, it can be called a caricature, for it is far too serious in its conception.

situationnounUS /ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃən/

the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time

From this reading Napoleon’s situation at the moment is here firmly grasped.

surroundedadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪd/

confined on all sides

From this reading He is surrounded by enemies.

swordnounUS /sɔːrd/

a cutting or thrusting weapon that has a long metal blade and a hilt with a hand guard

From this reading With notched sword in hand, he leads the Russian bear.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ‘The Valley of the Shadow of Death’ is, as far as I know, the last caricature of Gillray (September 24, 1808) in connection with Napoleon--if, indeed, it can be called a caricature, for it is far too serious in its conception.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading ‘The Valley of the Shadow of Death’ is, as far as I know, the last caricature of Gillray (September 24, 1808) in connection with Napoleon--if, indeed, it can be called a caricature, for it is far too serious in its conception.

ValleynounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading ‘The Valley of the Shadow of Death’ is, as far as I know, the last caricature of Gillray (September 24, 1808) in connection with Napoleon--if, indeed, it can be called a caricature, for it is far too serious in its conception.

WARnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading PENINSULAR WAR, _continued_--MEETING AT ERFURT.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading ‘The Valley of the Shadow of Death’ is, as far as I know, the last caricature of Gillray (September 24, 1808) in connection with Napoleon--if, indeed, it can be called a caricature, for it is far too serious in its conception.

Chapter 9 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2) by John Ashton holds 94 sentences, grouped into 19 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2) contain?

Chapter 9 holds 94 sentences of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2), unabridged, divided into 19 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2) by John Ashton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 94 sentences, grouped into 19 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2)?

Work through the 19 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 19 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #50185, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 231 minutes of reading across 555 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2)

Words and structures a reader meets early in English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Superscripted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Characters
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Preceded
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Caret
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.