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English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2)
English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2)

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2) is here in full — 137 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2)
Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
RETREAT TO CORUNNA--THE BROKEN BRIDGE OVER THE DANUBE--WAGRAM-- JOSEPHINE’S DIVORCE.
In the year 1809 there are very few caricatures of Napoleon.
After the taking of Madrid, Sir John Moore thought it prudent to retreat, which he did, and, after many difficulties, reached Corunna.
The repulse of the French there, although at the cost of Sir John Moore’s life, enabled the troops to be embarked.
Napoleon had but little rest, for in March the Austrians again took up arms against him, to which he replied by victoriously marching to Vienna, which was bombarded before it capitulated.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2)

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2) is here in full — 137 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
RETREAT TO CORUNNA--THE BROKEN BRIDGE OVER THE DANUBE--WAGRAM-- JOSEPHINE’S DIVORCE.
Line 2
In the year 1809 there are very few caricatures of Napoleon.
Line 3
After the taking of Madrid, Sir John Moore thought it prudent to retreat, which he did, and, after many difficulties, reached Corunna.
Line 4
The repulse of the French there, although at the cost of Sir John Moore’s life, enabled the troops to be embarked.
/ðə riˈpʌls ʌv ðə frentʃ ðer ˌɔːlˈðoʊ æt ðə kɑːst ʌv sɜːr dʒɑːn mʊrz laɪf eˈneɪbəld ðə truːps tuː biː emˈbɑːrkt/
Line 5
Napoleon had but little rest, for in March the Austrians again took up arms against him, to which he replied by victoriously marching to Vienna, which was bombarded before it capitulated.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Austrians noun US /ˈɔːstriənz/

plural of “austrian” — a native or inhabitant of Austria

From this reading “Napoleon had but little rest, for in March the Austrians again took up arms against him, to which he replied by victoriously marching to Vienna, which was bombarded before it capitulated.”

bombarded verb US /bɑːmˈbɑːrdɪd/

past form of “bombard” — cast, hurl, or throw repeatedly with some missile

From this reading “Napoleon had but little rest, for in March the Austrians again took up arms against him, to which he replied by victoriously marching to Vienna, which was bombarded before it capitulated.”

capitulated verb US /kəˈpɪtʃəleɪtɪd/

past form of “capitulate” — surrender under agreed conditions

From this reading “Napoleon had but little rest, for in March the Austrians again took up arms against him, to which he replied by victoriously marching to Vienna, which was bombarded before it capitulated.”

caricatures noun US /kərˈɪkətʃərz/

plural of “caricature” — a representation of a person that is exaggerated for comic effect

From this reading “In the year 1809 there are very few caricatures of Napoleon.”

danube noun US /ˈdænjuːb/

the 2nd longest European river (after the Volga); flows from southwestern Germany to the Black Sea

From this reading “RETREAT TO CORUNNA--THE BROKEN BRIDGE OVER THE DANUBE--WAGRAM-- JOSEPHINE’S DIVORCE.”

Madrid noun US /məˈdrɪd/

the capital and largest city situated centrally in Spain; home of an outstanding art museum

From this reading “After the taking of Madrid, Sir John Moore thought it prudent to retreat, which he did, and, after many difficulties, reached Corunna.”

Moore's noun US /mʊrz/

possessive form of “moore” — United States composer of works noted for their use of the American vernacular (1893-1969)

repulse verb US /riˈpʌls/

force or drive back

From this reading “The repulse of the French there, although at the cost of Sir John Moore’s life, enabled the troops to be embarked.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

BROKEN BRIDGE adjective + noun

In this reading “RETREAT TO CORUNNA--THE BROKEN BRIDGE OVER THE DANUBE--WAGRAM-- JOSEPHINE’S DIVORCE.”

took up verb + adjective counted as “take up”

pursue or resume

In this reading “Napoleon had but little rest, for in March the Austrians again took up arms against him, to which he replied by victoriously marching to Vienna, which was bombarded before it capitulated.”

at the cost preposition + article + noun counted as “at … cost”

In this reading “The repulse of the French there, although at the cost of Sir John Moore’s life, enabled the troops to be embarked.”

All words in this reading · 70

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1809

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the year 1809 there are very few caricatures of Napoleon.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After the taking of Madrid, Sir John Moore thought it prudent to retreat, which he did, and, after many difficulties, reached Corunna.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading Napoleon had but little rest, for in March the Austrians again took up arms against him, to which he replied by victoriously marching to Vienna, which was bombarded before it capitulated.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Napoleon had but little rest, for in March the Austrians again took up arms against him, to which he replied by victoriously marching to Vienna, which was bombarded before it capitulated.

althoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading The repulse of the French there, although at the cost of Sir John Moore’s life, enabled the troops to be embarked.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading After the taking of Madrid, Sir John Moore thought it prudent to retreat, which he did, and, after many difficulties, reached Corunna.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In the year 1809 there are very few caricatures of Napoleon.

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading Napoleon had but little rest, for in March the Austrians again took up arms against him, to which he replied by victoriously marching to Vienna, which was bombarded before it capitulated.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The repulse of the French there, although at the cost of Sir John Moore’s life, enabled the troops to be embarked.

AustriansnounUS /ˈɔːstriənz/

plural of “austrian” — a native or inhabitant of Austria

From this reading Napoleon had but little rest, for in March the Austrians again took up arms against him, to which he replied by victoriously marching to Vienna, which was bombarded before it capitulated.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The repulse of the French there, although at the cost of Sir John Moore’s life, enabled the troops to be embarked.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Napoleon had but little rest, for in March the Austrians again took up arms against him, to which he replied by victoriously marching to Vienna, which was bombarded before it capitulated.

bombardedverbUS /bɑːmˈbɑːrdɪd/

past form of “bombard” — cast, hurl, or throw repeatedly with some missile

From this reading Napoleon had but little rest, for in March the Austrians again took up arms against him, to which he replied by victoriously marching to Vienna, which was bombarded before it capitulated.

BRIDGEnounUS /brɪdʒ/

a structure that allows people or vehicles to cross an obstacle such as a river or canal or railway etc.

From this reading RETREAT TO CORUNNA--THE BROKEN BRIDGE OVER THE DANUBE--WAGRAM-- JOSEPHINE’S DIVORCE.

BROKENadjectiveUS /ˈbroʊkən/

physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split

From this reading RETREAT TO CORUNNA--THE BROKEN BRIDGE OVER THE DANUBE--WAGRAM-- JOSEPHINE’S DIVORCE.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Napoleon had but little rest, for in March the Austrians again took up arms against him, to which he replied by victoriously marching to Vienna, which was bombarded before it capitulated.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Napoleon had but little rest, for in March the Austrians again took up arms against him, to which he replied by victoriously marching to Vienna, which was bombarded before it capitulated.

capitulatedverbUS /kəˈpɪtʃəleɪtɪd/

past form of “capitulate” — surrender under agreed conditions

From this reading Napoleon had but little rest, for in March the Austrians again took up arms against him, to which he replied by victoriously marching to Vienna, which was bombarded before it capitulated.

caricaturesnounUS /kərˈɪkətʃərz/

plural of “caricature” — a representation of a person that is exaggerated for comic effect

From this reading In the year 1809 there are very few caricatures of Napoleon.

CORUNNA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading RETREAT TO CORUNNA--THE BROKEN BRIDGE OVER THE DANUBE--WAGRAM-- JOSEPHINE’S DIVORCE.

costnounUS /kɑːst/

the total spent for goods or services including money and time and labor

From this reading The repulse of the French there, although at the cost of Sir John Moore’s life, enabled the troops to be embarked.

DANUBEnounUS /ˈdænjuːb/

the 2nd longest European river (after the Volga); flows from southwestern Germany to the Black Sea

From this reading RETREAT TO CORUNNA--THE BROKEN BRIDGE OVER THE DANUBE--WAGRAM-- JOSEPHINE’S DIVORCE.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading After the taking of Madrid, Sir John Moore thought it prudent to retreat, which he did, and, after many difficulties, reached Corunna.

difficultiesnounUS /ˈdɪfəkəltiz/

plural of “difficulty” — an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading After the taking of Madrid, Sir John Moore thought it prudent to retreat, which he did, and, after many difficulties, reached Corunna.

DIVORCEverbUS /dɪˈvɔːrs/

part; cease or break association with

From this reading RETREAT TO CORUNNA--THE BROKEN BRIDGE OVER THE DANUBE--WAGRAM-- JOSEPHINE’S DIVORCE.

embarkedverbUS /emˈbɑːrkt/

past form of “embark” — go on board

From this reading The repulse of the French there, although at the cost of Sir John Moore’s life, enabled the troops to be embarked.

enabledverbUS /eˈneɪbəld/

past form of “enable” — render capable or able for some task

From this reading The repulse of the French there, although at the cost of Sir John Moore’s life, enabled the troops to be embarked.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading In the year 1809 there are very few caricatures of Napoleon.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Napoleon had but little rest, for in March the Austrians again took up arms against him, to which he replied by victoriously marching to Vienna, which was bombarded before it capitulated.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading The repulse of the French there, although at the cost of Sir John Moore’s life, enabled the troops to be embarked.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Napoleon had but little rest, for in March the Austrians again took up arms against him, to which he replied by victoriously marching to Vienna, which was bombarded before it capitulated.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading After the taking of Madrid, Sir John Moore thought it prudent to retreat, which he did, and, after many difficulties, reached Corunna.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Napoleon had but little rest, for in March the Austrians again took up arms against him, to which he replied by victoriously marching to Vienna, which was bombarded before it capitulated.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the year 1809 there are very few caricatures of Napoleon.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading After the taking of Madrid, Sir John Moore thought it prudent to retreat, which he did, and, after many difficulties, reached Corunna.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading After the taking of Madrid, Sir John Moore thought it prudent to retreat, which he did, and, after many difficulties, reached Corunna.

JOSEPHINE'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading RETREAT TO CORUNNA--THE BROKEN BRIDGE OVER THE DANUBE--WAGRAM-- JOSEPHINE’S DIVORCE.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading The repulse of the French there, although at the cost of Sir John Moore’s life, enabled the troops to be embarked.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Napoleon had but little rest, for in March the Austrians again took up arms against him, to which he replied by victoriously marching to Vienna, which was bombarded before it capitulated.

MadridnounUS /məˈdrɪd/

the capital and largest city situated centrally in Spain; home of an outstanding art museum

From this reading After the taking of Madrid, Sir John Moore thought it prudent to retreat, which he did, and, after many difficulties, reached Corunna.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading After the taking of Madrid, Sir John Moore thought it prudent to retreat, which he did, and, after many difficulties, reached Corunna.

MarchverbUS /mɑːrtʃ/

march in a procession

From this reading Napoleon had but little rest, for in March the Austrians again took up arms against him, to which he replied by victoriously marching to Vienna, which was bombarded before it capitulated.

marchingnounUS /ˈmɑːrtʃɪŋ/

the act of marching; walking with regular steps (especially in a procession of some kind)

From this reading Napoleon had but little rest, for in March the Austrians again took up arms against him, to which he replied by victoriously marching to Vienna, which was bombarded before it capitulated.

MoorenounUS /mʊr/

United States composer of works noted for their use of the American vernacular (1893-1969)

From this reading After the taking of Madrid, Sir John Moore thought it prudent to retreat, which he did, and, after many difficulties, reached Corunna.

Moore'snounUS /mʊrz/

possessive form of “moore” — United States composer of works noted for their use of the American vernacular (1893-1969)

From this reading The repulse of the French there, although at the cost of Sir John Moore’s life, enabled the troops to be embarked.

NapoleonnounUS /nəˈpoʊliən/

French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

From this reading In the year 1809 there are very few caricatures of Napoleon.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In the year 1809 there are very few caricatures of Napoleon.

OVERprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading RETREAT TO CORUNNA--THE BROKEN BRIDGE OVER THE DANUBE--WAGRAM-- JOSEPHINE’S DIVORCE.

prudentadjectiveUS /ˈpruːdənt/

careful and sensible; marked by sound judgment

From this reading After the taking of Madrid, Sir John Moore thought it prudent to retreat, which he did, and, after many difficulties, reached Corunna.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading After the taking of Madrid, Sir John Moore thought it prudent to retreat, which he did, and, after many difficulties, reached Corunna.

repliedverbUS /rɪˈplaɪd/

inflected form of “reply” — react verbally

From this reading Napoleon had but little rest, for in March the Austrians again took up arms against him, to which he replied by victoriously marching to Vienna, which was bombarded before it capitulated.

repulseverbUS /riˈpʌls/

force or drive back

From this reading The repulse of the French there, although at the cost of Sir John Moore’s life, enabled the troops to be embarked.

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading Napoleon had but little rest, for in March the Austrians again took up arms against him, to which he replied by victoriously marching to Vienna, which was bombarded before it capitulated.

RETREATnounUS /riˈtriːt/

(military) withdrawal of troops to a more favorable position to escape the enemy's superior forces or after a defeat

From this reading RETREAT TO CORUNNA--THE BROKEN BRIDGE OVER THE DANUBE--WAGRAM-- JOSEPHINE’S DIVORCE.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading After the taking of Madrid, Sir John Moore thought it prudent to retreat, which he did, and, after many difficulties, reached Corunna.

takingnounUS /ˈteɪkɪŋ/

the act of someone who picks up or takes something

From this reading After the taking of Madrid, Sir John Moore thought it prudent to retreat, which he did, and, after many difficulties, reached Corunna.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading RETREAT TO CORUNNA--THE BROKEN BRIDGE OVER THE DANUBE--WAGRAM-- JOSEPHINE’S DIVORCE.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading In the year 1809 there are very few caricatures of Napoleon.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading After the taking of Madrid, Sir John Moore thought it prudent to retreat, which he did, and, after many difficulties, reached Corunna.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading RETREAT TO CORUNNA--THE BROKEN BRIDGE OVER THE DANUBE--WAGRAM-- JOSEPHINE’S DIVORCE.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading Napoleon had but little rest, for in March the Austrians again took up arms against him, to which he replied by victoriously marching to Vienna, which was bombarded before it capitulated.

troopsnounUS /truːps/

soldiers collectively

From this reading The repulse of the French there, although at the cost of Sir John Moore’s life, enabled the troops to be embarked.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Napoleon had but little rest, for in March the Austrians again took up arms against him, to which he replied by victoriously marching to Vienna, which was bombarded before it capitulated.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading In the year 1809 there are very few caricatures of Napoleon.

victoriouslyadverb

in a victorious manner

From this reading Napoleon had but little rest, for in March the Austrians again took up arms against him, to which he replied by victoriously marching to Vienna, which was bombarded before it capitulated.

ViennanounUS /viˈenə/

the capital and largest city of Austria; located on the Danube in northeastern Austria; was the home of Beethoven and Brahms and Haydn and Mozart and Schubert and Strauss

From this reading Napoleon had but little rest, for in March the Austrians again took up arms against him, to which he replied by victoriously marching to Vienna, which was bombarded before it capitulated.

WAGRAMnoun

a town in northeastern Austria

From this reading RETREAT TO CORUNNA--THE BROKEN BRIDGE OVER THE DANUBE--WAGRAM-- JOSEPHINE’S DIVORCE.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Napoleon had but little rest, for in March the Austrians again took up arms against him, to which he replied by victoriously marching to Vienna, which was bombarded before it capitulated.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading After the taking of Madrid, Sir John Moore thought it prudent to retreat, which he did, and, after many difficulties, reached Corunna.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading In the year 1809 there are very few caricatures of Napoleon.

Chapter 10 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2) by John Ashton holds 137 sentences, grouped into 28 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2) contain?

Chapter 10 holds 137 sentences of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2), unabridged, divided into 28 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2) by John Ashton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 137 sentences, grouped into 28 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2)?

Work through the 28 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 28 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Vocabulary met early in English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2)

Words and structures a reader meets early in English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Superscripted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Characters
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Preceded
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Caret
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.