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English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2)
English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2)

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2) is here in full — 86 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2)
Context Illustration Reading 1/17 · 5 lines
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L’HOMME ROUGE--NAPOLEON’S SUPERSTITION.
This ends the caricatures for the year 1813, at the close of which Napoleon was in Paris.
Wellington and Soult were fighting their prolonged duel in Spain, to the great advantage of the former.
One after another did the French garrisons surrender, until, at the close of the year, Santona alone remained to the French.
His troops, shut up in garrison in Germany and Prussia, were in very evil case, from hardships and sickness.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2)

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2) is here in full — 86 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/17 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
L’HOMME ROUGE--NAPOLEON’S SUPERSTITION.
Line 2
This ends the caricatures for the year 1813, at the close of which Napoleon was in Paris.
Line 3
Wellington and Soult were fighting their prolonged duel in Spain, to the great advantage of the former.
Line 4
One after another did the French garrisons surrender, until, at the close of the year, Santona alone remained to the French.
Line 5
His troops, shut up in garrison in Germany and Prussia, were in very evil case, from hardships and sickness.
/hɪz truːps ʃʌt ʌp ɪn ˈɡærɪsən ɪn ˈdʒɜːrməni ənd ˈprʌʃə wɜːr ɪn ˈveri ˈiːvəl keɪs frʌm ˈhɑːrdʃɪps ənd ˈsɪknəs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

caricatures noun US /kərˈɪkətʃərz/

plural of “caricature” — a representation of a person that is exaggerated for comic effect

From this reading “This ends the caricatures for the year 1813, at the close of which Napoleon was in Paris.”

duel noun US /ˈduːəl/

a prearranged fight with deadly weapons by two people (accompanied by seconds) in order to settle a quarrel over a point of honor

From this reading “Wellington and Soult were fighting their prolonged duel in Spain, to the great advantage of the former.”

hardships noun US /ˈhɑːrdʃɪps/

plural of “hardship” — a state of misfortune or affliction

From this reading “His troops, shut up in garrison in Germany and Prussia, were in very evil case, from hardships and sickness.”

napoleon's noun US /nəˈpoʊliənz/

possessive form of “napoleon” — French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

Prussia noun US /ˈprʌʃə/

a former kingdom in north-central Europe including present-day northern Germany and northern Poland

From this reading “His troops, shut up in garrison in Germany and Prussia, were in very evil case, from hardships and sickness.”

rouge noun US /ruːʒ/

makeup consisting of a pink or red powder applied to the cheeks

From this reading “L’HOMME ROUGE--NAPOLEON’S SUPERSTITION.”

superstition noun US /ˌsuːpərˈstɪʃən/

an irrational belief arising from ignorance or fear

From this reading “L’HOMME ROUGE--NAPOLEON’S SUPERSTITION.”

Wellington noun US /ˈwelɪŋtən/

British general and statesman; he defeated Napoleon at Waterloo; subsequently served as Prime Minister (1769-1852)

From this reading “Wellington and Soult were fighting their prolonged duel in Spain, to the great advantage of the former.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

shut up verb + adjective

refuse to talk or stop talking; fall silent

In this reading “His troops, shut up in garrison in Germany and Prussia, were in very evil case, from hardships and sickness.”

great advantage adjective + noun

In this reading “Wellington and Soult were fighting their prolonged duel in Spain, to the great advantage of the former.”

All words in this reading · 56

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1813

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This ends the caricatures for the year 1813, at the close of which Napoleon was in Paris.

advantagenounUS /ædˈvæntɪdʒ/

the quality of having a superior or more favorable position

From this reading Wellington and Soult were fighting their prolonged duel in Spain, to the great advantage of the former.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading One after another did the French garrisons surrender, until, at the close of the year, Santona alone remained to the French.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading One after another did the French garrisons surrender, until, at the close of the year, Santona alone remained to the French.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Wellington and Soult were fighting their prolonged duel in Spain, to the great advantage of the former.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading One after another did the French garrisons surrender, until, at the close of the year, Santona alone remained to the French.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading This ends the caricatures for the year 1813, at the close of which Napoleon was in Paris.

caricaturesnounUS /kərˈɪkətʃərz/

plural of “caricature” — a representation of a person that is exaggerated for comic effect

From this reading This ends the caricatures for the year 1813, at the close of which Napoleon was in Paris.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading His troops, shut up in garrison in Germany and Prussia, were in very evil case, from hardships and sickness.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading This ends the caricatures for the year 1813, at the close of which Napoleon was in Paris.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading One after another did the French garrisons surrender, until, at the close of the year, Santona alone remained to the French.

duelnounUS /ˈduːəl/

a prearranged fight with deadly weapons by two people (accompanied by seconds) in order to settle a quarrel over a point of honor

From this reading Wellington and Soult were fighting their prolonged duel in Spain, to the great advantage of the former.

endsnounUS /endz/

plural of “end” — either extremity of something that has length

From this reading This ends the caricatures for the year 1813, at the close of which Napoleon was in Paris.

evilnounUS /ˈiːvəl/

morally objectionable behavior

From this reading His troops, shut up in garrison in Germany and Prussia, were in very evil case, from hardships and sickness.

fightingnounUS /ˈfaɪtɪŋ/

the act of fighting; any contest or struggle

From this reading Wellington and Soult were fighting their prolonged duel in Spain, to the great advantage of the former.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading This ends the caricatures for the year 1813, at the close of which Napoleon was in Paris.

formeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading Wellington and Soult were fighting their prolonged duel in Spain, to the great advantage of the former.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading One after another did the French garrisons surrender, until, at the close of the year, Santona alone remained to the French.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading His troops, shut up in garrison in Germany and Prussia, were in very evil case, from hardships and sickness.

garrisonnounUS /ˈɡærɪsən/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading His troops, shut up in garrison in Germany and Prussia, were in very evil case, from hardships and sickness.

garrisons

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One after another did the French garrisons surrender, until, at the close of the year, Santona alone remained to the French.

GermanynounUS /ˈdʒɜːrməni/

a republic in central Europe; split into East Germany and West Germany after World War II and reunited in 1990

From this reading His troops, shut up in garrison in Germany and Prussia, were in very evil case, from hardships and sickness.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Wellington and Soult were fighting their prolonged duel in Spain, to the great advantage of the former.

hardshipsnounUS /ˈhɑːrdʃɪps/

plural of “hardship” — a state of misfortune or affliction

From this reading His troops, shut up in garrison in Germany and Prussia, were in very evil case, from hardships and sickness.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His troops, shut up in garrison in Germany and Prussia, were in very evil case, from hardships and sickness.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading This ends the caricatures for the year 1813, at the close of which Napoleon was in Paris.

L'HOMME

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading L’HOMME ROUGE--NAPOLEON’S SUPERSTITION.

NapoleonnounUS /nəˈpoʊliən/

French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

From this reading This ends the caricatures for the year 1813, at the close of which Napoleon was in Paris.

NAPOLEON'SnounUS /nəˈpoʊliənz/

possessive form of “napoleon” — French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

From this reading L’HOMME ROUGE--NAPOLEON’S SUPERSTITION.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading This ends the caricatures for the year 1813, at the close of which Napoleon was in Paris.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One after another did the French garrisons surrender, until, at the close of the year, Santona alone remained to the French.

ParisnounUS /ˈperɪs/

the capital and largest city of France; and international center of culture and commerce

From this reading This ends the caricatures for the year 1813, at the close of which Napoleon was in Paris.

prolongedadjectiveUS /prəˈlɔːŋd/

relatively long in duration; tediously protracted

From this reading Wellington and Soult were fighting their prolonged duel in Spain, to the great advantage of the former.

PrussianounUS /ˈprʌʃə/

a former kingdom in north-central Europe including present-day northern Germany and northern Poland

From this reading His troops, shut up in garrison in Germany and Prussia, were in very evil case, from hardships and sickness.

remainedverbUS /rɪˈmeɪnd/

past form of “remain” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading One after another did the French garrisons surrender, until, at the close of the year, Santona alone remained to the French.

ROUGEnounUS /ruːʒ/

makeup consisting of a pink or red powder applied to the cheeks

From this reading L’HOMME ROUGE--NAPOLEON’S SUPERSTITION.

Santona

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One after another did the French garrisons surrender, until, at the close of the year, Santona alone remained to the French.

shutverbUS /ʃʌt/

move so that an opening or passage is obstructed; make shut

From this reading His troops, shut up in garrison in Germany and Prussia, were in very evil case, from hardships and sickness.

sicknessnounUS /ˈsɪknəs/

impairment of normal physiological function affecting part or all of an organism

From this reading His troops, shut up in garrison in Germany and Prussia, were in very evil case, from hardships and sickness.

Soult

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Wellington and Soult were fighting their prolonged duel in Spain, to the great advantage of the former.

SpainnounUS /speɪn/

a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading Wellington and Soult were fighting their prolonged duel in Spain, to the great advantage of the former.

SUPERSTITIONnounUS /ˌsuːpərˈstɪʃən/

an irrational belief arising from ignorance or fear

From this reading L’HOMME ROUGE--NAPOLEON’S SUPERSTITION.

surrendernounUS /sərˈendər/

acceptance of despair

From this reading One after another did the French garrisons surrender, until, at the close of the year, Santona alone remained to the French.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading This ends the caricatures for the year 1813, at the close of which Napoleon was in Paris.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Wellington and Soult were fighting their prolonged duel in Spain, to the great advantage of the former.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This ends the caricatures for the year 1813, at the close of which Napoleon was in Paris.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Wellington and Soult were fighting their prolonged duel in Spain, to the great advantage of the former.

troopsnounUS /truːps/

soldiers collectively

From this reading His troops, shut up in garrison in Germany and Prussia, were in very evil case, from hardships and sickness.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading One after another did the French garrisons surrender, until, at the close of the year, Santona alone remained to the French.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading His troops, shut up in garrison in Germany and Prussia, were in very evil case, from hardships and sickness.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading His troops, shut up in garrison in Germany and Prussia, were in very evil case, from hardships and sickness.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This ends the caricatures for the year 1813, at the close of which Napoleon was in Paris.

WellingtonnounUS /ˈwelɪŋtən/

British general and statesman; he defeated Napoleon at Waterloo; subsequently served as Prime Minister (1769-1852)

From this reading Wellington and Soult were fighting their prolonged duel in Spain, to the great advantage of the former.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Wellington and Soult were fighting their prolonged duel in Spain, to the great advantage of the former.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading This ends the caricatures for the year 1813, at the close of which Napoleon was in Paris.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading This ends the caricatures for the year 1813, at the close of which Napoleon was in Paris.

Chapter 16 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2) by John Ashton holds 86 sentences, grouped into 18 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2) contain?

Chapter 16 holds 86 sentences of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2), unabridged, divided into 18 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2) by John Ashton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 86 sentences, grouped into 18 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2)?

Work through the 18 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 18 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Is this the complete text of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2)?

Yes. All 2772 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #50185 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #50185, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2) take to read?

About 231 minutes of reading across 555 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2) section by section

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2)

Words and structures a reader meets early in English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Superscripted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Characters
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Preceded
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Caret
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Caricature and Satire on Napoleon I. Volume 2 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.