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English Caricaturists and Graphic Humourists
English Caricaturists and Graphic Humourists

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of English Caricaturists and Graphic Humourists is here in full — 225 sentences across 45 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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_GEORGE CRUIKSHANK AT HIS PRIME._ ALTERATIONS IN CRUIKSHANK'S STYLE.
Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.
George Cruikshank's peculiar style and manner, which enable us to recognise his work at a glance, was the outcome of a very slow and gradual process of development.
In the first instance he closely copied Gillray, but soon acquired a manner of his own, blending the two styles after a fashion which is both interesting and amusing to follow.
Soon, however, the style of the master was discontinued, and gradually the artist began to discover that the bent of his genius lay in altogether another direction.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

English Caricaturists and Graphic Humourists

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of English Caricaturists and Graphic Humourists is here in full — 225 sentences across 45 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/45 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_GEORGE CRUIKSHANK AT HIS PRIME._ ALTERATIONS IN CRUIKSHANK'S STYLE.
Line 2
Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.
Line 3
George Cruikshank's peculiar style and manner, which enable us to recognise his work at a glance, was the outcome of a very slow and gradual process of development.
Line 4
In the first instance he closely copied Gillray, but soon acquired a manner of his own, blending the two styles after a fashion which is both interesting and amusing to follow.
Line 5
Soon, however, the style of the master was discontinued, and gradually the artist began to discover that the bent of his genius lay in altogether another direction.
/suːn ˌhaʊˈevər ðə staɪl ʌv ðə ˈmæstər wɑːz dɪskənˈtɪnjuːd ənd ˈɡrædʒuːəli ðə ˈɑːrtəst bɪˈɡæn tuː dɪˈskʌvər ðæt ðə bent ʌv hɪz ˈdʒiːnjəs leɪ ɪn ˌɔːltəˈɡeðər əˈnʌðər dərˈekʃən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

alterations noun US /ˌɔːltərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “alteration” — an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another

From this reading “_GEORGE CRUIKSHANK AT HIS PRIME._ ALTERATIONS IN CRUIKSHANK'S STYLE.”

blending noun US /ˈblendɪŋ/

the act of blending components together thoroughly

From this reading “In the first instance he closely copied Gillray, but soon acquired a manner of his own, blending the two styles after a fashion which is both interesting and amusing to follow.”

copied verb US /ˈkɑːpid/

inflected form of “copy” — copy down as is

From this reading “In the first instance he closely copied Gillray, but soon acquired a manner of his own, blending the two styles after a fashion which is both interesting and amusing to follow.”

discontinued adjective US /dɪskənˈtɪnjuːd/

stopped permanently or temporarily

From this reading “Soon, however, the style of the master was discontinued, and gradually the artist began to discover that the bent of his genius lay in altogether another direction.”

gradual adjective US /ˈɡrædʒuːəl/

proceeding in small stages

From this reading “George Cruikshank's peculiar style and manner, which enable us to recognise his work at a glance, was the outcome of a very slow and gradual process of development.”

outcome noun US /ˈaʊtkʌm/

something that results

From this reading “George Cruikshank's peculiar style and manner, which enable us to recognise his work at a glance, was the outcome of a very slow and gradual process of development.”

satires noun US /ˈsætaɪərz/

plural of “satire” — witty language used to convey insults or scorn

From this reading “Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.”

styles noun US /staɪlz/

plural of “style” — how something is done or how it happens

From this reading “In the first instance he closely copied Gillray, but soon acquired a manner of his own, blending the two styles after a fashion which is both interesting and amusing to follow.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

previous chapter adjective + noun

In this reading “Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.”

peculiar style adjective + noun

In this reading “George Cruikshank's peculiar style and manner, which enable us to recognise his work at a glance, was the outcome of a very slow and gradual process of development.”

after a fashion preposition + article + noun counted as “after … fashion”

to some extent; not very well

In this reading “In the first instance he closely copied Gillray, but soon acquired a manner of his own, blending the two styles after a fashion which is both interesting and amusing to follow.”

different periods adjective + noun counted as “different period”

In this reading “Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.”

first instance adjective + noun

In this reading “In the first instance he closely copied Gillray, but soon acquired a manner of his own, blending the two styles after a fashion which is both interesting and amusing to follow.”

took place verb + noun counted as “take place”

come to pass

In this reading “Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.”

soon acquired adverb + adjective

In this reading “In the first instance he closely copied Gillray, but soon acquired a manner of his own, blending the two styles after a fashion which is both interesting and amusing to follow.”

process of verb + particle

In this reading “George Cruikshank's peculiar style and manner, which enable us to recognise his work at a glance, was the outcome of a very slow and gradual process of development.”

All words in this reading · 96

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading George Cruikshank's peculiar style and manner, which enable us to recognise his work at a glance, was the outcome of a very slow and gradual process of development.

acquiredadjectiveUS /əˈkwaɪərd/

gotten through environmental forces

From this reading In the first instance he closely copied Gillray, but soon acquired a manner of his own, blending the two styles after a fashion which is both interesting and amusing to follow.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading In the first instance he closely copied Gillray, but soon acquired a manner of his own, blending the two styles after a fashion which is both interesting and amusing to follow.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.

ALTERATIONSnounUS /ˌɔːltərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “alteration” — an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another

From this reading _GEORGE CRUIKSHANK AT HIS PRIME._ ALTERATIONS IN CRUIKSHANK'S STYLE.

altogetheradverbUS /ˌɔːltəˈɡeðər/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading Soon, however, the style of the master was discontinued, and gradually the artist began to discover that the bent of his genius lay in altogether another direction.

amusingadjectiveUS /əˈmjuːzɪŋ/

providing enjoyment; pleasantly entertaining

From this reading In the first instance he closely copied Gillray, but soon acquired a manner of his own, blending the two styles after a fashion which is both interesting and amusing to follow.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Soon, however, the style of the master was discontinued, and gradually the artist began to discover that the bent of his genius lay in altogether another direction.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.

artistnounUS /ˈɑːrtəst/

a person whose creative work shows sensitivity and imagination

From this reading Soon, however, the style of the master was discontinued, and gradually the artist began to discover that the bent of his genius lay in altogether another direction.

ATprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading _GEORGE CRUIKSHANK AT HIS PRIME._ ALTERATIONS IN CRUIKSHANK'S STYLE.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Soon, however, the style of the master was discontinued, and gradually the artist began to discover that the bent of his genius lay in altogether another direction.

bentnounUS /bent/

a relatively permanent inclination to react in a particular way

From this reading Soon, however, the style of the master was discontinued, and gradually the artist began to discover that the bent of his genius lay in altogether another direction.

blendingnounUS /ˈblendɪŋ/

the act of blending components together thoroughly

From this reading In the first instance he closely copied Gillray, but soon acquired a manner of his own, blending the two styles after a fashion which is both interesting and amusing to follow.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading In the first instance he closely copied Gillray, but soon acquired a manner of his own, blending the two styles after a fashion which is both interesting and amusing to follow.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading In the first instance he closely copied Gillray, but soon acquired a manner of his own, blending the two styles after a fashion which is both interesting and amusing to follow.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.

careernounUS /kərˈɪr/

the particular occupation for which you are trained

From this reading Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.

chapternounUS /ˈtʃæptər/

a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.

closelyadverbUS /ˈkloʊsli/

in a close relation or position in time or space

From this reading In the first instance he closely copied Gillray, but soon acquired a manner of his own, blending the two styles after a fashion which is both interesting and amusing to follow.

commencementnounUS /kəˈmensmənt/

the time at which something is supposed to begin

From this reading Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.

consideringverbUS /kənˈsɪdərɪŋ/

-ing form of “consider” — deem to be

From this reading Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.

copiedverbUS /ˈkɑːpid/

inflected form of “copy” — copy down as is

From this reading In the first instance he closely copied Gillray, but soon acquired a manner of his own, blending the two styles after a fashion which is both interesting and amusing to follow.

CRUIKSHANK

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _GEORGE CRUIKSHANK AT HIS PRIME._ ALTERATIONS IN CRUIKSHANK'S STYLE.

CRUIKSHANK'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _GEORGE CRUIKSHANK AT HIS PRIME._ ALTERATIONS IN CRUIKSHANK'S STYLE.

describedadjectiveUS /dɪˈskraɪbd/

represented in words especially with sharpness and detail

From this reading Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.

developmentnounUS /dɪˈveləpmənt/

act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading George Cruikshank's peculiar style and manner, which enable us to recognise his work at a glance, was the outcome of a very slow and gradual process of development.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.

directionnounUS /dərˈekʃən/

a line leading to a place or point

From this reading Soon, however, the style of the master was discontinued, and gradually the artist began to discover that the bent of his genius lay in altogether another direction.

discontinuedadjectiveUS /dɪskənˈtɪnjuːd/

stopped permanently or temporarily

From this reading Soon, however, the style of the master was discontinued, and gradually the artist began to discover that the bent of his genius lay in altogether another direction.

discoververbUS /dɪˈskʌvər/

discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

From this reading Soon, however, the style of the master was discontinued, and gradually the artist began to discover that the bent of his genius lay in altogether another direction.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.

enableverbUS /eˈneɪbəl/

render capable or able for some task

From this reading George Cruikshank's peculiar style and manner, which enable us to recognise his work at a glance, was the outcome of a very slow and gradual process of development.

failverbUS /feɪl/

fail to do something; leave something undone

From this reading Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.

familiaradjectiveUS /fəˈmɪljər/

well known or easily recognized

From this reading Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.

fashionnounUS /ˈfæʃən/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading In the first instance he closely copied Gillray, but soon acquired a manner of his own, blending the two styles after a fashion which is both interesting and amusing to follow.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading In the first instance he closely copied Gillray, but soon acquired a manner of his own, blending the two styles after a fashion which is both interesting and amusing to follow.

followverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊ/

to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading In the first instance he closely copied Gillray, but soon acquired a manner of his own, blending the two styles after a fashion which is both interesting and amusing to follow.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.

geniusnounUS /ˈdʒiːnjəs/

someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality

From this reading Soon, however, the style of the master was discontinued, and gradually the artist began to discover that the bent of his genius lay in altogether another direction.

GEORGEnounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading _GEORGE CRUIKSHANK AT HIS PRIME._ ALTERATIONS IN CRUIKSHANK'S STYLE.

Gillray

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the first instance he closely copied Gillray, but soon acquired a manner of his own, blending the two styles after a fashion which is both interesting and amusing to follow.

glanceverbUS /ɡlæns/

throw a glance at; take a brief look at

From this reading George Cruikshank's peculiar style and manner, which enable us to recognise his work at a glance, was the outcome of a very slow and gradual process of development.

gradualadjectiveUS /ˈɡrædʒuːəl/

proceeding in small stages

From this reading George Cruikshank's peculiar style and manner, which enable us to recognise his work at a glance, was the outcome of a very slow and gradual process of development.

graduallyadverbUS /ˈɡrædʒuːəli/

in a gradual manner

From this reading Soon, however, the style of the master was discontinued, and gradually the artist began to discover that the bent of his genius lay in altogether another direction.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In the first instance he closely copied Gillray, but soon acquired a manner of his own, blending the two styles after a fashion which is both interesting and amusing to follow.

HISdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading _GEORGE CRUIKSHANK AT HIS PRIME._ ALTERATIONS IN CRUIKSHANK'S STYLE.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading Soon, however, the style of the master was discontinued, and gradually the artist began to discover that the bent of his genius lay in altogether another direction.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading _GEORGE CRUIKSHANK AT HIS PRIME._ ALTERATIONS IN CRUIKSHANK'S STYLE.

instancenounUS /ˈɪnstəns/

an occurrence of something

From this reading In the first instance he closely copied Gillray, but soon acquired a manner of his own, blending the two styles after a fashion which is both interesting and amusing to follow.

interestingadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/

arousing or holding the attention

From this reading In the first instance he closely copied Gillray, but soon acquired a manner of his own, blending the two styles after a fashion which is both interesting and amusing to follow.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In the first instance he closely copied Gillray, but soon acquired a manner of his own, blending the two styles after a fashion which is both interesting and amusing to follow.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Soon, however, the style of the master was discontinued, and gradually the artist began to discover that the bent of his genius lay in altogether another direction.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading George Cruikshank's peculiar style and manner, which enable us to recognise his work at a glance, was the outcome of a very slow and gradual process of development.

masternounUS /ˈmæstər/

an artist of consummate skill

From this reading Soon, however, the style of the master was discontinued, and gradually the artist began to discover that the bent of his genius lay in altogether another direction.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.

outcomenounUS /ˈaʊtkʌm/

something that results

From this reading George Cruikshank's peculiar style and manner, which enable us to recognise his work at a glance, was the outcome of a very slow and gradual process of development.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading In the first instance he closely copied Gillray, but soon acquired a manner of his own, blending the two styles after a fashion which is both interesting and amusing to follow.

peculiaradjectiveUS /pəˈkjuːljər/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading George Cruikshank's peculiar style and manner, which enable us to recognise his work at a glance, was the outcome of a very slow and gradual process of development.

periodsnounUS /ˈpɪriədz/

plural of “period” — an amount of time

From this reading Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.

previousadjectiveUS /ˈpriːviəs/

just preceding something else in time or order

From this reading Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.

PRIMEadjectiveUS /praɪm/

first in rank or degree

From this reading _GEORGE CRUIKSHANK AT HIS PRIME._ ALTERATIONS IN CRUIKSHANK'S STYLE.

processverbUS /ˈprɑːses/

subject to a process or treatment, with the aim of readying for some purpose, improving, or remedying a condition

From this reading George Cruikshank's peculiar style and manner, which enable us to recognise his work at a glance, was the outcome of a very slow and gradual process of development.

recogniseverbUS /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/

show approval or appreciation of

From this reading George Cruikshank's peculiar style and manner, which enable us to recognise his work at a glance, was the outcome of a very slow and gradual process of development.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.

satiresnounUS /ˈsætaɪərz/

plural of “satire” — witty language used to convey insults or scorn

From this reading Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.

slowadjectiveUS /sloʊ/

not moving quickly; taking a comparatively long time

From this reading George Cruikshank's peculiar style and manner, which enable us to recognise his work at a glance, was the outcome of a very slow and gradual process of development.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading In the first instance he closely copied Gillray, but soon acquired a manner of his own, blending the two styles after a fashion which is both interesting and amusing to follow.

struckadjectiveUS /strʌk/

(used in combination) affected by something overwhelming

From this reading Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.

studiedadjectiveUS /ˈstʌdid/

produced or marked by conscious design or premeditation

From this reading Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.

STYLEnounUS /staɪl/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading _GEORGE CRUIKSHANK AT HIS PRIME._ ALTERATIONS IN CRUIKSHANK'S STYLE.

stylesnounUS /staɪlz/

plural of “style” — how something is done or how it happens

From this reading In the first instance he closely copied Gillray, but soon acquired a manner of his own, blending the two styles after a fashion which is both interesting and amusing to follow.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Soon, however, the style of the master was discontinued, and gradually the artist began to discover that the bent of his genius lay in altogether another direction.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.

ThosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading In the first instance he closely copied Gillray, but soon acquired a manner of his own, blending the two styles after a fashion which is both interesting and amusing to follow.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading George Cruikshank's peculiar style and manner, which enable us to recognise his work at a glance, was the outcome of a very slow and gradual process of development.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading George Cruikshank's peculiar style and manner, which enable us to recognise his work at a glance, was the outcome of a very slow and gradual process of development.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading George Cruikshank's peculiar style and manner, which enable us to recognise his work at a glance, was the outcome of a very slow and gradual process of development.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Those who have studied the work of George Cruikshank from its commencement to its close (and those only can be said to have done so who are familiar with the satires described in the previous chapter), cannot fail to be struck with the alterations which took place in his style at different periods of the career we have already been considering.

Chapter 10 of English Caricaturists and Graphic Humourists by Graham Everitt holds 225 sentences, grouped into 45 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of English Caricaturists and Graphic Humourists contain?

Chapter 10 holds 225 sentences of English Caricaturists and Graphic Humourists, unabridged, divided into 45 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of English Caricaturists and Graphic Humourists by Graham Everitt exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 225 sentences, grouped into 45 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of English Caricaturists and Graphic Humourists?

Work through the 45 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 45 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading English Caricaturists and Graphic Humourists

Common questions about reading English Caricaturists and Graphic Humourists by Graham Everitt on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of English Caricaturists and Graphic Humourists?

Yes. All 4292 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #31195 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #31195, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does English Caricaturists and Graphic Humourists take to read?

About 357 minutes of reading across 859 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through English Caricaturists and Graphic Humourists section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in English Caricaturists and Graphic Humourists

Words and structures a reader meets early in English Caricaturists and Graphic Humourists, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Side-notes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Caricaturists and Graphic Humourists; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Moved
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Caricaturists and Graphic Humourists; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Respective
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Caricaturists and Graphic Humourists; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Paragraph's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Caricaturists and Graphic Humourists; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.