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English Critical Essays: Nineteenth Century
English Critical Essays: Nineteenth Century

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of English Critical Essays: Nineteenth Century is here in full — 382 sentences across 77 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/76 · 5 lines
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It is difficult to define pleasure in its highest sense; the definition involving a number of apparent paradoxes.
For, from an inexplicable defect of harmony in the constitution of human nature, the pain of the inferior is frequently connected with the pleasures of the superior portions of our being.
Sorrow, terror, anguish, despair itself, are often the chosen expressions of an approximation to the highest good.
Our sympathy in tragic fiction depends on this principle; tragedy delights by affording a shadow of the pleasure which exists in pain.
This is the source also of the melancholy which is inseparable from the sweetest melody.
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English Critical Essays: Nineteenth Century

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of English Critical Essays: Nineteenth Century is here in full — 382 sentences across 77 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/76 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It is difficult to define pleasure in its highest sense; the definition involving a number of apparent paradoxes.
/ɪt ɪz ˈdɪfəkəlt tuː dɪˈfaɪn ˈpleʒər ɪn ɪts ˈhaɪəst sens ðə ˌdefəˈnɪʃən ˌɪnˈvɑːlvɪŋ ə ˈnʌmbər ʌv əˈperənt ˈperədɑːksɪz/
Line 2
For, from an inexplicable defect of harmony in the constitution of human nature, the pain of the inferior is frequently connected with the pleasures of the superior portions of our being.
/fɔːr frʌm æn ˌɪnəkˈsplɪsəbəl ˈdiːfekt ʌv ˈhɑːrməni ɪn ðə ˌkɑːnstəˈtuːʃən ʌv ˈhjuːmən ˈneɪtʃər ðə peɪn ʌv ðə ˌɪnˈfɪriər ɪz ˈfriːkwəntli kəˈnektɪd wɪð ðə ˈpleʒərz ʌv ðə suːˈpɪriər ˈpɔːrʃənz ʌv ˈaʊər ˈbiːɪŋ/
Line 3
Sorrow, terror, anguish, despair itself, are often the chosen expressions of an approximation to the highest good.
/ˈsɑːroʊ ˈterər ˈæŋɡwɪʃ dɪˈsper ˌɪtˈself ɑːr ˈɔːfən ðə ˈtʃoʊzən ɪkˈspreʃənz ʌv æn əˌprɑːksəˈmeɪʃən tuː ðə ˈhaɪəst ɡʊd/
Line 4
Our sympathy in tragic fiction depends on this principle; tragedy delights by affording a shadow of the pleasure which exists in pain.
/ˈaʊər ˈsɪmpəθi ɪn ˈtrædʒɪk ˈfɪkʃən dɪˈpendz ɑːn ðɪs ˈprɪnsəpəl ˈtrædʒədi dɪˈlaɪts baɪ əˈfɔːrdɪŋ ə ˈʃæd.oʊ ʌv ðə ˈpleʒər wɪtʃ ɪɡˈzɪsts ɪn peɪn/
Line 5
This is the source also of the melancholy which is inseparable from the sweetest melody.
/ðɪs ɪz ðə sɔːrs ˈɔːlsoʊ ʌv ðə ˈmelənkɑːli wɪtʃ ɪz ˌɪnˈsepərəbəl frʌm ðə ˈswiːtəst ˈmelədi/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

affording verb US /əˈfɔːrdɪŋ/

-ing form of “afford” — be able to spare or give up

From this reading “Our sympathy in tragic fiction depends on this principle; tragedy delights by affording a shadow of the pleasure which exists in pain.”

approximation noun US /əˌprɑːksəˈmeɪʃən/

an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth

From this reading “Sorrow, terror, anguish, despair itself, are often the chosen expressions of an approximation to the highest good.”

defect noun US /ˈdiːfekt/

an imperfection in a bodily system

From this reading “For, from an inexplicable defect of harmony in the constitution of human nature, the pain of the inferior is frequently connected with the pleasures of the superior portions of our being.”

define verb US /dɪˈfaɪn/

determine the essential quality of

From this reading “It is difficult to define pleasure in its highest sense; the definition involving a number of apparent paradoxes.”

definition noun US /ˌdefəˈnɪʃən/

a concise explanation of the meaning of a word or phrase or symbol

From this reading “It is difficult to define pleasure in its highest sense; the definition involving a number of apparent paradoxes.”

inseparable adjective US /ˌɪnˈsepərəbəl/

not capable of being separated

From this reading “This is the source also of the melancholy which is inseparable from the sweetest melody.”

involving verb US /ˌɪnˈvɑːlvɪŋ/

-ing form of “involve” — connect closely and often incriminatingly

From this reading “It is difficult to define pleasure in its highest sense; the definition involving a number of apparent paradoxes.”

paradoxes noun US /ˈperədɑːksɪz/

plural of “paradox” — (logic) a statement that contradicts itself

From this reading “It is difficult to define pleasure in its highest sense; the definition involving a number of apparent paradoxes.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

human nature adjective + noun

the shared psychological attributes of humankind that are assumed to be shared by all human beings

In this reading “For, from an inexplicable defect of harmony in the constitution of human nature, the pain of the inferior is frequently connected with the pleasures of the superior portions of our being.”

sweetest melody adjective + noun counted as “sweet melody”

In this reading “This is the source also of the melancholy which is inseparable from the sweetest melody.”

depends on verb + particle counted as “depend on”

be contingent on

In this reading “Our sympathy in tragic fiction depends on this principle; tragedy delights by affording a shadow of the pleasure which exists in pain.”

highest sense adjective + noun counted as “high sense”

In this reading “It is difficult to define pleasure in its highest sense; the definition involving a number of apparent paradoxes.”

exists in verb + particle counted as “exist in”

In this reading “Our sympathy in tragic fiction depends on this principle; tragedy delights by affording a shadow of the pleasure which exists in pain.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It is difficult to define pleasure in its highest sense; the definition involving a number of apparent paradoxes.

affordingverbUS /əˈfɔːrdɪŋ/

-ing form of “afford” — be able to spare or give up

From this reading Our sympathy in tragic fiction depends on this principle; tragedy delights by affording a shadow of the pleasure which exists in pain.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading This is the source also of the melancholy which is inseparable from the sweetest melody.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading For, from an inexplicable defect of harmony in the constitution of human nature, the pain of the inferior is frequently connected with the pleasures of the superior portions of our being.

anguishnounUS /ˈæŋɡwɪʃ/

extreme mental distress

From this reading Sorrow, terror, anguish, despair itself, are often the chosen expressions of an approximation to the highest good.

apparentadjectiveUS /əˈperənt/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading It is difficult to define pleasure in its highest sense; the definition involving a number of apparent paradoxes.

approximationnounUS /əˌprɑːksəˈmeɪʃən/

an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth

From this reading Sorrow, terror, anguish, despair itself, are often the chosen expressions of an approximation to the highest good.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Sorrow, terror, anguish, despair itself, are often the chosen expressions of an approximation to the highest good.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading For, from an inexplicable defect of harmony in the constitution of human nature, the pain of the inferior is frequently connected with the pleasures of the superior portions of our being.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Our sympathy in tragic fiction depends on this principle; tragedy delights by affording a shadow of the pleasure which exists in pain.

chosennounUS /ˈtʃoʊzən/

one who is the object of choice; who is given preference

From this reading Sorrow, terror, anguish, despair itself, are often the chosen expressions of an approximation to the highest good.

connectedadjectiveUS /kəˈnektɪd/

being joined in close association

From this reading For, from an inexplicable defect of harmony in the constitution of human nature, the pain of the inferior is frequently connected with the pleasures of the superior portions of our being.

constitutionnounUS /ˌkɑːnstəˈtuːʃən/

law determining the fundamental political principles of a government

From this reading For, from an inexplicable defect of harmony in the constitution of human nature, the pain of the inferior is frequently connected with the pleasures of the superior portions of our being.

defectnounUS /ˈdiːfekt/

an imperfection in a bodily system

From this reading For, from an inexplicable defect of harmony in the constitution of human nature, the pain of the inferior is frequently connected with the pleasures of the superior portions of our being.

defineverbUS /dɪˈfaɪn/

determine the essential quality of

From this reading It is difficult to define pleasure in its highest sense; the definition involving a number of apparent paradoxes.

definitionnounUS /ˌdefəˈnɪʃən/

a concise explanation of the meaning of a word or phrase or symbol

From this reading It is difficult to define pleasure in its highest sense; the definition involving a number of apparent paradoxes.

delightsnounUS /dɪˈlaɪts/

plural of “delight” — a feeling of extreme pleasure or satisfaction

From this reading Our sympathy in tragic fiction depends on this principle; tragedy delights by affording a shadow of the pleasure which exists in pain.

dependsverbUS /dɪˈpendz/

third-person singular of “depend” — be contingent upon (something that is elided)

From this reading Our sympathy in tragic fiction depends on this principle; tragedy delights by affording a shadow of the pleasure which exists in pain.

despairnounUS /dɪˈsper/

a state in which all hope is lost or absent

From this reading Sorrow, terror, anguish, despair itself, are often the chosen expressions of an approximation to the highest good.

difficultadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfəkəlt/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading It is difficult to define pleasure in its highest sense; the definition involving a number of apparent paradoxes.

existsverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪsts/

third-person singular of “exist” — have an existence, be extant

From this reading Our sympathy in tragic fiction depends on this principle; tragedy delights by affording a shadow of the pleasure which exists in pain.

expressionsnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃənz/

plural of “expression” — the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading Sorrow, terror, anguish, despair itself, are often the chosen expressions of an approximation to the highest good.

fictionnounUS /ˈfɪkʃən/

a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact

From this reading Our sympathy in tragic fiction depends on this principle; tragedy delights by affording a shadow of the pleasure which exists in pain.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For, from an inexplicable defect of harmony in the constitution of human nature, the pain of the inferior is frequently connected with the pleasures of the superior portions of our being.

frequentlyadverbUS /ˈfriːkwəntli/

many times at short intervals

From this reading For, from an inexplicable defect of harmony in the constitution of human nature, the pain of the inferior is frequently connected with the pleasures of the superior portions of our being.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading For, from an inexplicable defect of harmony in the constitution of human nature, the pain of the inferior is frequently connected with the pleasures of the superior portions of our being.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Sorrow, terror, anguish, despair itself, are often the chosen expressions of an approximation to the highest good.

harmonynounUS /ˈhɑːrməni/

compatibility in opinion and action

From this reading For, from an inexplicable defect of harmony in the constitution of human nature, the pain of the inferior is frequently connected with the pleasures of the superior portions of our being.

highestadjectiveUS /ˈhaɪəst/

superlative of “high” — greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading It is difficult to define pleasure in its highest sense; the definition involving a number of apparent paradoxes.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading For, from an inexplicable defect of harmony in the constitution of human nature, the pain of the inferior is frequently connected with the pleasures of the superior portions of our being.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It is difficult to define pleasure in its highest sense; the definition involving a number of apparent paradoxes.

inexplicableadjectiveUS /ˌɪnəkˈsplɪsəbəl/

incapable of being explained or accounted for

From this reading For, from an inexplicable defect of harmony in the constitution of human nature, the pain of the inferior is frequently connected with the pleasures of the superior portions of our being.

inferioradjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈfɪriər/

of or characteristic of low rank or importance

From this reading For, from an inexplicable defect of harmony in the constitution of human nature, the pain of the inferior is frequently connected with the pleasures of the superior portions of our being.

inseparableadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈsepərəbəl/

not capable of being separated

From this reading This is the source also of the melancholy which is inseparable from the sweetest melody.

involvingverbUS /ˌɪnˈvɑːlvɪŋ/

-ing form of “involve” — connect closely and often incriminatingly

From this reading It is difficult to define pleasure in its highest sense; the definition involving a number of apparent paradoxes.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is difficult to define pleasure in its highest sense; the definition involving a number of apparent paradoxes.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is difficult to define pleasure in its highest sense; the definition involving a number of apparent paradoxes.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading It is difficult to define pleasure in its highest sense; the definition involving a number of apparent paradoxes.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading Sorrow, terror, anguish, despair itself, are often the chosen expressions of an approximation to the highest good.

melancholynounUS /ˈmelənkɑːli/

a feeling of thoughtful sadness

From this reading This is the source also of the melancholy which is inseparable from the sweetest melody.

melodynounUS /ˈmelədi/

a succession of notes forming a distinctive sequence

From this reading This is the source also of the melancholy which is inseparable from the sweetest melody.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading For, from an inexplicable defect of harmony in the constitution of human nature, the pain of the inferior is frequently connected with the pleasures of the superior portions of our being.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading It is difficult to define pleasure in its highest sense; the definition involving a number of apparent paradoxes.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It is difficult to define pleasure in its highest sense; the definition involving a number of apparent paradoxes.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading Sorrow, terror, anguish, despair itself, are often the chosen expressions of an approximation to the highest good.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Our sympathy in tragic fiction depends on this principle; tragedy delights by affording a shadow of the pleasure which exists in pain.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading For, from an inexplicable defect of harmony in the constitution of human nature, the pain of the inferior is frequently connected with the pleasures of the superior portions of our being.

painnounUS /peɪn/

a symptom of some physical hurt or disorder

From this reading For, from an inexplicable defect of harmony in the constitution of human nature, the pain of the inferior is frequently connected with the pleasures of the superior portions of our being.

paradoxesnounUS /ˈperədɑːksɪz/

plural of “paradox” — (logic) a statement that contradicts itself

From this reading It is difficult to define pleasure in its highest sense; the definition involving a number of apparent paradoxes.

pleasurenounUS /ˈpleʒər/

a fundamental feeling that is hard to define but that people desire to experience

From this reading It is difficult to define pleasure in its highest sense; the definition involving a number of apparent paradoxes.

pleasuresnounUS /ˈpleʒərz/

plural of “pleasure” — a fundamental feeling that is hard to define but that people desire to experience

From this reading For, from an inexplicable defect of harmony in the constitution of human nature, the pain of the inferior is frequently connected with the pleasures of the superior portions of our being.

portionsnounUS /ˈpɔːrʃənz/

plural of “portion” — something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading For, from an inexplicable defect of harmony in the constitution of human nature, the pain of the inferior is frequently connected with the pleasures of the superior portions of our being.

principlenounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəl/

a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading Our sympathy in tragic fiction depends on this principle; tragedy delights by affording a shadow of the pleasure which exists in pain.

sensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading It is difficult to define pleasure in its highest sense; the definition involving a number of apparent paradoxes.

shadownounUS /ˈʃæd.oʊ/

A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

From this reading Our sympathy in tragic fiction depends on this principle; tragedy delights by affording a shadow of the pleasure which exists in pain.

SorrownounUS /ˈsɑːroʊ/

an emotion of great sadness associated with loss or bereavement

From this reading Sorrow, terror, anguish, despair itself, are often the chosen expressions of an approximation to the highest good.

sourcenounUS /sɔːrs/

the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading This is the source also of the melancholy which is inseparable from the sweetest melody.

superioradjectiveUS /suːˈpɪriər/

of high or superior quality or performance

From this reading For, from an inexplicable defect of harmony in the constitution of human nature, the pain of the inferior is frequently connected with the pleasures of the superior portions of our being.

sweetestadjectiveUS /ˈswiːtəst/

superlative of “sweet” — having or denoting the characteristic taste of sugar

From this reading This is the source also of the melancholy which is inseparable from the sweetest melody.

sympathynounUS /ˈsɪmpəθi/

an inclination to support or be loyal to or to agree with an opinion

From this reading Our sympathy in tragic fiction depends on this principle; tragedy delights by affording a shadow of the pleasure which exists in pain.

terrornounUS /ˈterər/

an overwhelming feeling of fear and anxiety

From this reading Sorrow, terror, anguish, despair itself, are often the chosen expressions of an approximation to the highest good.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It is difficult to define pleasure in its highest sense; the definition involving a number of apparent paradoxes.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Our sympathy in tragic fiction depends on this principle; tragedy delights by affording a shadow of the pleasure which exists in pain.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It is difficult to define pleasure in its highest sense; the definition involving a number of apparent paradoxes.

tragedynounUS /ˈtrædʒədi/

an event resulting in great loss and misfortune

From this reading Our sympathy in tragic fiction depends on this principle; tragedy delights by affording a shadow of the pleasure which exists in pain.

tragicadjectiveUS /ˈtrædʒɪk/

very sad; especially involving grief or death or destruction

From this reading Our sympathy in tragic fiction depends on this principle; tragedy delights by affording a shadow of the pleasure which exists in pain.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Our sympathy in tragic fiction depends on this principle; tragedy delights by affording a shadow of the pleasure which exists in pain.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading For, from an inexplicable defect of harmony in the constitution of human nature, the pain of the inferior is frequently connected with the pleasures of the superior portions of our being.

Chapter 4 of English Critical Essays: Nineteenth Century by Edmund D. (Edmund David) [Editor] Jones holds 382 sentences, grouped into 77 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

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Chapter 4 holds 382 sentences of English Critical Essays: Nineteenth Century, unabridged, divided into 77 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of English Critical Essays: Nineteenth Century by Edmund D. (Edmund David) [Editor] Jones exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 382 sentences, grouped into 77 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

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