Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
English Critical Essays: Nineteenth Century
English Critical Essays: Nineteenth Century

Chapter VI · Chapter 6

Chapter 6 of English Critical Essays: Nineteenth Century is here in full — 376 sentences across 76 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for English Critical Essays: Nineteenth Century
Context Illustration Reading 1/75 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
We will notice _descriptive poetry_ first.
Empedocles wrote his physics in verse, and Oppian his history of animals.
Neither were poets--the one was an historian of nature, the other a sort of biographer of brutes.
Yet a poet may make natural history or philosophy the material of his composition.
But under his hands they are no longer a bare collection of facts or principles, but are painted with a meaning, beauty, and harmonious order not their own.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

English Critical Essays: Nineteenth Century

Chapter VI · Chapter 6

Chapter 6 of English Critical Essays: Nineteenth Century is here in full — 376 sentences across 76 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/75 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
We will notice _descriptive poetry_ first.
/wiː wɪl ˈnoʊtəs dɪˈskrɪptɪv ˈpoʊətri fɜːrst/
Line 2
Empedocles wrote his physics in verse, and Oppian his history of animals.
Line 3
Neither were poets--the one was an historian of nature, the other a sort of biographer of brutes.
Line 4
Yet a poet may make natural history or philosophy the material of his composition.
/jet ə ˈpoʊət meɪ meɪk ˈnætʃərəl ˈhɪstəri ɔːr fɪˈlɑː.sə.fi ðə məˈtɪriəl ʌv hɪz ˌkɑːmpəˈzɪʃən/
Line 5
But under his hands they are no longer a bare collection of facts or principles, but are painted with a meaning, beauty, and harmonious order not their own.
/bʌt ˈʌndər hɪz hændz ðeɪ ɑːr noʊ ˈlɔːŋɡər ə ber kəˈlekʃən ʌv fækts ɔːr ˈprɪnsəpəlz bʌt ɑːr ˈpeɪntɪd wɪð ə ˈmiːnɪŋ ˈbjuːti ənd hɑːrˈmoʊniəs ˈɔːrdər nɑːt ðer oʊn/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

biographer noun US /baɪˈɑːɡrəfər/

someone who writes an account of a person's life

From this reading “Neither were poets--the one was an historian of nature, the other a sort of biographer of brutes.”

collection noun US /kəˈlekʃən/

several things grouped together or considered as a whole

From this reading “But under his hands they are no longer a bare collection of facts or principles, but are painted with a meaning, beauty, and harmonious order not their own.”

composition noun US /ˌkɑːmpəˈzɪʃən/

the spatial property resulting from the arrangement of parts in relation to each other and to the whole

From this reading “Yet a poet may make natural history or philosophy the material of his composition.”

descriptive adjective US /dɪˈskrɪptɪv/

serving to describe or inform or characterized by description

harmonious adjective US /hɑːrˈmoʊniəs/

musically pleasing

From this reading “But under his hands they are no longer a bare collection of facts or principles, but are painted with a meaning, beauty, and harmonious order not their own.”

historian noun US /hɪˈstɔːriən/

a person who is an authority on history and who studies it and writes about it

From this reading “Neither were poets--the one was an historian of nature, the other a sort of biographer of brutes.”

philosophy noun US /fɪˈlɑː.sə.fi/

The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence. (Triết học, đạo lý nhân sinh.)

From this reading “Yet a poet may make natural history or philosophy the material of his composition.”

physics noun US /ˈfɪzɪks/

the science of matter and energy and their interactions

From this reading “Empedocles wrote his physics in verse, and Oppian his history of animals.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

natural history adjective + noun

the scientific study of plants or animals (more observational than experimental) usually published in popular magazines rather than in academic journals

In this reading “Yet a poet may make natural history or philosophy the material of his composition.”

in verse preposition + noun

In this reading “Empedocles wrote his physics in verse, and Oppian his history of animals.”

All words in this reading · 60

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Neither were poets--the one was an historian of nature, the other a sort of biographer of brutes.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Neither were poets--the one was an historian of nature, the other a sort of biographer of brutes.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Empedocles wrote his physics in verse, and Oppian his history of animals.

animalsnounUS /ˈænəməlz/

plural of “animal” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading Empedocles wrote his physics in verse, and Oppian his history of animals.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading But under his hands they are no longer a bare collection of facts or principles, but are painted with a meaning, beauty, and harmonious order not their own.

bareadjectiveUS /ber/

completely unclothed

From this reading But under his hands they are no longer a bare collection of facts or principles, but are painted with a meaning, beauty, and harmonious order not their own.

beautynounUS /ˈbjuːti/

the qualities that give pleasure to the senses

From this reading But under his hands they are no longer a bare collection of facts or principles, but are painted with a meaning, beauty, and harmonious order not their own.

biographernounUS /baɪˈɑːɡrəfər/

someone who writes an account of a person's life

From this reading Neither were poets--the one was an historian of nature, the other a sort of biographer of brutes.

brutes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Neither were poets--the one was an historian of nature, the other a sort of biographer of brutes.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But under his hands they are no longer a bare collection of facts or principles, but are painted with a meaning, beauty, and harmonious order not their own.

collectionnounUS /kəˈlekʃən/

several things grouped together or considered as a whole

From this reading But under his hands they are no longer a bare collection of facts or principles, but are painted with a meaning, beauty, and harmonious order not their own.

compositionnounUS /ˌkɑːmpəˈzɪʃən/

the spatial property resulting from the arrangement of parts in relation to each other and to the whole

From this reading Yet a poet may make natural history or philosophy the material of his composition.

descriptiveadjectiveUS /dɪˈskrɪptɪv/

serving to describe or inform or characterized by description

From this reading We will notice _descriptive poetry_ first.

Empedoclesnoun

Greek philosopher who taught that all matter is composed of particles of fire and water and air and earth (fifth century BC)

From this reading Empedocles wrote his physics in verse, and Oppian his history of animals.

factsnounUS /fækts/

plural of “fact” — a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading But under his hands they are no longer a bare collection of facts or principles, but are painted with a meaning, beauty, and harmonious order not their own.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading We will notice _descriptive poetry_ first.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading But under his hands they are no longer a bare collection of facts or principles, but are painted with a meaning, beauty, and harmonious order not their own.

harmoniousadjectiveUS /hɑːrˈmoʊniəs/

musically pleasing

From this reading But under his hands they are no longer a bare collection of facts or principles, but are painted with a meaning, beauty, and harmonious order not their own.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Empedocles wrote his physics in verse, and Oppian his history of animals.

historiannounUS /hɪˈstɔːriən/

a person who is an authority on history and who studies it and writes about it

From this reading Neither were poets--the one was an historian of nature, the other a sort of biographer of brutes.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading Empedocles wrote his physics in verse, and Oppian his history of animals.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Empedocles wrote his physics in verse, and Oppian his history of animals.

longeradverbUS /ˈlɔːŋɡər/

for more time

From this reading But under his hands they are no longer a bare collection of facts or principles, but are painted with a meaning, beauty, and harmonious order not their own.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading Yet a poet may make natural history or philosophy the material of his composition.

materialadjectiveUS /məˈtɪriəl/

concerned with worldly rather than spiritual interests

From this reading Yet a poet may make natural history or philosophy the material of his composition.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Yet a poet may make natural history or philosophy the material of his composition.

meaningnounUS /ˈmiːnɪŋ/

the message that is intended or expressed or signified

From this reading But under his hands they are no longer a bare collection of facts or principles, but are painted with a meaning, beauty, and harmonious order not their own.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading Yet a poet may make natural history or philosophy the material of his composition.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading Neither were poets--the one was an historian of nature, the other a sort of biographer of brutes.

NeitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading Neither were poets--the one was an historian of nature, the other a sort of biographer of brutes.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading But under his hands they are no longer a bare collection of facts or principles, but are painted with a meaning, beauty, and harmonious order not their own.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading But under his hands they are no longer a bare collection of facts or principles, but are painted with a meaning, beauty, and harmonious order not their own.

noticenounUS /ˈnoʊtəs/

an announcement containing information about an event

From this reading We will notice _descriptive poetry_ first.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Empedocles wrote his physics in verse, and Oppian his history of animals.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Neither were poets--the one was an historian of nature, the other a sort of biographer of brutes.

Oppian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Empedocles wrote his physics in verse, and Oppian his history of animals.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Yet a poet may make natural history or philosophy the material of his composition.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading But under his hands they are no longer a bare collection of facts or principles, but are painted with a meaning, beauty, and harmonious order not their own.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Neither were poets--the one was an historian of nature, the other a sort of biographer of brutes.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading But under his hands they are no longer a bare collection of facts or principles, but are painted with a meaning, beauty, and harmonious order not their own.

paintedadjectiveUS /ˈpeɪntɪd/

coated with paint

From this reading But under his hands they are no longer a bare collection of facts or principles, but are painted with a meaning, beauty, and harmonious order not their own.

philosophynounUS /fɪˈlɑː.sə.fi/

The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence. (Triết học, đạo lý nhân sinh.)

From this reading Yet a poet may make natural history or philosophy the material of his composition.

physicsnounUS /ˈfɪzɪks/

the science of matter and energy and their interactions

From this reading Empedocles wrote his physics in verse, and Oppian his history of animals.

poetnounUS /ˈpoʊət/

a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading Yet a poet may make natural history or philosophy the material of his composition.

poetrynounUS /ˈpoʊətri/

literature in metrical form

From this reading We will notice _descriptive poetry_ first.

poetsnounUS /ˈpoʊəts/

plural of “poet” — a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading Neither were poets--the one was an historian of nature, the other a sort of biographer of brutes.

principlesnounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəlz/

plural of “principle” — a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading But under his hands they are no longer a bare collection of facts or principles, but are painted with a meaning, beauty, and harmonious order not their own.

sortnounUS /sɔːrt/

a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading Neither were poets--the one was an historian of nature, the other a sort of biographer of brutes.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Neither were poets--the one was an historian of nature, the other a sort of biographer of brutes.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading But under his hands they are no longer a bare collection of facts or principles, but are painted with a meaning, beauty, and harmonious order not their own.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading But under his hands they are no longer a bare collection of facts or principles, but are painted with a meaning, beauty, and harmonious order not their own.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading But under his hands they are no longer a bare collection of facts or principles, but are painted with a meaning, beauty, and harmonious order not their own.

versenounUS /vɜːrs/

literature in metrical form

From this reading Empedocles wrote his physics in verse, and Oppian his history of animals.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Neither were poets--the one was an historian of nature, the other a sort of biographer of brutes.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We will notice _descriptive poetry_ first.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Neither were poets--the one was an historian of nature, the other a sort of biographer of brutes.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading We will notice _descriptive poetry_ first.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading But under his hands they are no longer a bare collection of facts or principles, but are painted with a meaning, beauty, and harmonious order not their own.

wroteverbUS /roʊt/

inflected form of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading Empedocles wrote his physics in verse, and Oppian his history of animals.

YetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Yet a poet may make natural history or philosophy the material of his composition.

Chapter 6 of English Critical Essays: Nineteenth Century by Edmund D. (Edmund David) [Editor] Jones holds 376 sentences, grouped into 76 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of English Critical Essays: Nineteenth Century contain?

Chapter 6 holds 376 sentences of English Critical Essays: Nineteenth Century, unabridged, divided into 76 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of English Critical Essays: Nineteenth Century by Edmund D. (Edmund David) [Editor] Jones exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 376 sentences, grouped into 76 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of English Critical Essays: Nineteenth Century?

Work through the 76 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 76 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 6 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading English Critical Essays: Nineteenth Century

Common questions about reading English Critical Essays: Nineteenth Century by Edmund D. (Edmund David) [Editor] Jones on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of English Critical Essays: Nineteenth Century?

Yes. All 5718 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #31283 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of English Critical Essays: Nineteenth Century is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #31283, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does English Critical Essays: Nineteenth Century take to read?

About 476 minutes of reading across 1144 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read English Critical Essays: Nineteenth Century section by section

How to work through English Critical Essays: Nineteenth Century section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 15 chapters of English Critical Essays: Nineteenth Century to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in English Critical Essays: Nineteenth Century

Words and structures a reader meets early in English Critical Essays: Nineteenth Century, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Present
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Critical Essays: Nineteenth Century; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Selection
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Critical Essays: Nineteenth Century; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
English
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Critical Essays: Nineteenth Century; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Critical
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Critical Essays: Nineteenth Century; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.