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English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1
English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1 is here in full — 219 sentences across 44 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1
Context Illustration Reading 1/43 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
In our last chapter I spoke of that Geoffrey of Monmouth who about the middle of the twelfth century wrote a history--mostly apocryphal--in which was imbedded a germ of the King Arthur fables.
We traced these fables, growing under the successive touches of Wace and Map and Layamon into full-fledged legends, repeated over and over; and finally, with splendid affluence of color appearing on the literary horizon of our own day.
I spoke of King Richard I. and of his song loving, and of his blood loving, and of his royal frankness: then of John, that renegade brother of his--of how he granted _Magna Charta_, killed poor Prince Arthur, and stirred such a current of war as caused the loss of Normandy to England.
I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.
_Roger Bacon._ Starting now from about the same point in time where we left off, our opening scene will take us to the old University town of Oxford.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1 is here in full — 219 sentences across 44 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/43 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In our last chapter I spoke of that Geoffrey of Monmouth who about the middle of the twelfth century wrote a history--mostly apocryphal--in which was imbedded a germ of the King Arthur fables.
Line 2
We traced these fables, growing under the successive touches of Wace and Map and Layamon into full-fledged legends, repeated over and over; and finally, with splendid affluence of color appearing on the literary horizon of our own day.
Line 3
I spoke of King Richard I. and of his song loving, and of his blood loving, and of his royal frankness: then of John, that renegade brother of his--of how he granted _Magna Charta_, killed poor Prince Arthur, and stirred such a current of war as caused the loss of Normandy to England.
Line 4
I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.
Line 5
_Roger Bacon._ Starting now from about the same point in time where we left off, our opening scene will take us to the old University town of Oxford.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

affluence noun US /ˈæfluːəns/

abundant wealth

From this reading “We traced these fables, growing under the successive touches of Wace and Map and Layamon into full-fledged legends, repeated over and over; and finally, with splendid affluence of color appearing on the literary horizon of our own day.”

apocryphal adjective US /əˈpɑːkrəfəl/

being of questionable authenticity

From this reading “In our last chapter I spoke of that Geoffrey of Monmouth who about the middle of the twelfth century wrote a history--mostly apocryphal--in which was imbedded a germ of the King Arthur fables.”

consolidation noun US /kənˌsɑːləˈdeɪʃən/

combining into a solid mass

From this reading “I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.”

fattened adjective US /ˈfætənd/

(of market animals) made ready for market

From this reading “I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.”

germ noun US /dʒɜːrm/

anything that provides inspiration for later work

From this reading “In our last chapter I spoke of that Geoffrey of Monmouth who about the middle of the twelfth century wrote a history--mostly apocryphal--in which was imbedded a germ of the King Arthur fables.”

imbedded verb US /ɪmˈbedɪd/

inflected form of “imbed” — fix or set securely or deeply

From this reading “In our last chapter I spoke of that Geoffrey of Monmouth who about the middle of the twelfth century wrote a history--mostly apocryphal--in which was imbedded a germ of the King Arthur fables.”

renegade noun US /ˈrenəɡeɪd/

someone who rebels and becomes an outlaw

From this reading “I spoke of King Richard I. and of his song loving, and of his blood loving, and of his royal frankness: then of John, that renegade brother of his--of how he granted _Magna Charta_, killed poor Prince Arthur, and stirred such a current of war as caused the loss of Normandy to England.”

rhyming adjective US /ˈraɪmɪŋ/

having corresponding sounds especially terminal sounds

From this reading “I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

twelfth century adjective + noun

In this reading “In our last chapter I spoke of that Geoffrey of Monmouth who about the middle of the twelfth century wrote a history--mostly apocryphal--in which was imbedded a germ of the King Arthur fables.”

idle hours adjective + noun

In this reading “I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.”

last chapter adjective + noun

In this reading “In our last chapter I spoke of that Geoffrey of Monmouth who about the middle of the twelfth century wrote a history--mostly apocryphal--in which was imbedded a germ of the King Arthur fables.”

associated with verb + particle counted as “associate with”

In this reading “I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.”

about the middle preposition + article + noun counted as “about … middle”

In this reading “In our last chapter I spoke of that Geoffrey of Monmouth who about the middle of the twelfth century wrote a history--mostly apocryphal--in which was imbedded a germ of the King Arthur fables.”

religious houses adjective + noun counted as “religious house”

In this reading “I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.”

opening scene noun + noun

In this reading “_Roger Bacon._ Starting now from about the same point in time where we left off, our opening scene will take us to the old University town of Oxford.”

lived in verb + particle counted as “live in”

live in the house where one works

In this reading “I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.”

All words in this reading · 144

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In our last chapter I spoke of that Geoffrey of Monmouth who about the middle of the twelfth century wrote a history--mostly apocryphal--in which was imbedded a germ of the King Arthur fables.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading In our last chapter I spoke of that Geoffrey of Monmouth who about the middle of the twelfth century wrote a history--mostly apocryphal--in which was imbedded a germ of the King Arthur fables.

affluencenounUS /ˈæfluːəns/

abundant wealth

From this reading We traced these fables, growing under the successive touches of Wace and Map and Layamon into full-fledged legends, repeated over and over; and finally, with splendid affluence of color appearing on the literary horizon of our own day.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading We traced these fables, growing under the successive touches of Wace and Map and Layamon into full-fledged legends, repeated over and over; and finally, with splendid affluence of color appearing on the literary horizon of our own day.

apocryphaladjectiveUS /əˈpɑːkrəfəl/

being of questionable authenticity

From this reading In our last chapter I spoke of that Geoffrey of Monmouth who about the middle of the twelfth century wrote a history--mostly apocryphal--in which was imbedded a germ of the King Arthur fables.

appearingnounUS /əˈpɪrɪŋ/

formal attendance (in court or at a hearing) of a party in an action

From this reading We traced these fables, growing under the successive touches of Wace and Map and Layamon into full-fledged legends, repeated over and over; and finally, with splendid affluence of color appearing on the literary horizon of our own day.

ArthurnounUS /ˈɑːrθər/

elected vice president and became 21st President of the United States when Garfield was assassinated (1830-1886)

From this reading In our last chapter I spoke of that Geoffrey of Monmouth who about the middle of the twelfth century wrote a history--mostly apocryphal--in which was imbedded a germ of the King Arthur fables.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading I spoke of King Richard I. and of his song loving, and of his blood loving, and of his royal frankness: then of John, that renegade brother of his--of how he granted _Magna Charta_, killed poor Prince Arthur, and stirred such a current of war as caused the loss of Normandy to England.

associatedverbUS /əˈsoʊsieɪtɪd/

past form of “associate” — make a logical or causal connection

From this reading I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.

BaconnounUS /ˈbeɪkən/

back and sides of a hog salted and dried or smoked; usually sliced thin and fried

From this reading _Roger Bacon._ Starting now from about the same point in time where we left off, our opening scene will take us to the old University town of Oxford.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.

bloodnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading I spoke of King Richard I. and of his song loving, and of his blood loving, and of his royal frankness: then of John, that renegade brother of his--of how he granted _Magna Charta_, killed poor Prince Arthur, and stirred such a current of war as caused the loss of Normandy to England.

booksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.

brothernounUS /ˈbrʌðər/

a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading I spoke of King Richard I. and of his song loving, and of his blood loving, and of his royal frankness: then of John, that renegade brother of his--of how he granted _Magna Charta_, killed poor Prince Arthur, and stirred such a current of war as caused the loss of Normandy to England.

causedverbUS /kɑːzd/

past form of “cause” — give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally

From this reading I spoke of King Richard I. and of his song loving, and of his blood loving, and of his royal frankness: then of John, that renegade brother of his--of how he granted _Magna Charta_, killed poor Prince Arthur, and stirred such a current of war as caused the loss of Normandy to England.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading In our last chapter I spoke of that Geoffrey of Monmouth who about the middle of the twelfth century wrote a history--mostly apocryphal--in which was imbedded a germ of the King Arthur fables.

chapternounUS /ˈtʃæptər/

a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading In our last chapter I spoke of that Geoffrey of Monmouth who about the middle of the twelfth century wrote a history--mostly apocryphal--in which was imbedded a germ of the King Arthur fables.

Charta

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I spoke of King Richard I. and of his song loving, and of his blood loving, and of his royal frankness: then of John, that renegade brother of his--of how he granted _Magna Charta_, killed poor Prince Arthur, and stirred such a current of war as caused the loss of Normandy to England.

colornounUS /ˈkʌlər/

a visual attribute of things that results from the light they emit or transmit or reflect

From this reading We traced these fables, growing under the successive touches of Wace and Map and Layamon into full-fledged legends, repeated over and over; and finally, with splendid affluence of color appearing on the literary horizon of our own day.

connectionnounUS /kəˈnekʃən/

a relation between things or events (as in the case of one causing the other or sharing features with it)

From this reading I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.

consolationnounUS /ˌkɑːnsəˈleɪʃən/

the comfort you feel when consoled in times of disappointment

From this reading I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.

consolidationnounUS /kənˌsɑːləˈdeɪʃən/

combining into a solid mass

From this reading I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.

corruptverbUS /kərˈʌpt/

corrupt morally or by intemperance or sensuality

From this reading I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.

currentnounUS /ˈkɜːrənt/

a flow of electricity through a conductor

From this reading I spoke of King Richard I. and of his song loving, and of his blood loving, and of his royal frankness: then of John, that renegade brother of his--of how he granted _Magna Charta_, killed poor Prince Arthur, and stirred such a current of war as caused the loss of Normandy to England.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading We traced these fables, growing under the successive touches of Wace and Map and Layamon into full-fledged legends, repeated over and over; and finally, with splendid affluence of color appearing on the literary horizon of our own day.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.

disportverb

occupy in an agreeable, entertaining or pleasant fashion

From this reading I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading I spoke of King Richard I. and of his song loving, and of his blood loving, and of his royal frankness: then of John, that renegade brother of his--of how he granted _Magna Charta_, killed poor Prince Arthur, and stirred such a current of war as caused the loss of Normandy to England.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.

fablesnounUS /ˈfeɪbəlz/

plural of “fable” — a deliberately false or improbable account

From this reading In our last chapter I spoke of that Geoffrey of Monmouth who about the middle of the twelfth century wrote a history--mostly apocryphal--in which was imbedded a germ of the King Arthur fables.

fattenedadjectiveUS /ˈfætənd/

(of market animals) made ready for market

From this reading I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.

finallyadverbUS /ˈfaɪnəli/

after an unspecified period of time or an especially long delay

From this reading We traced these fables, growing under the successive touches of Wace and Map and Layamon into full-fledged legends, repeated over and over; and finally, with splendid affluence of color appearing on the literary horizon of our own day.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.

franknessnounUS /ˈfræŋknəs/

the quality of being honest and straightforward in attitude and speech

From this reading I spoke of King Richard I. and of his song loving, and of his blood loving, and of his royal frankness: then of John, that renegade brother of his--of how he granted _Magna Charta_, killed poor Prince Arthur, and stirred such a current of war as caused the loss of Normandy to England.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading _Roger Bacon._ Starting now from about the same point in time where we left off, our opening scene will take us to the old University town of Oxford.

full-fledgedadjective

(of a bird) having reached full development with fully grown adult plumage; ready to fly

From this reading We traced these fables, growing under the successive touches of Wace and Map and Layamon into full-fledged legends, repeated over and over; and finally, with splendid affluence of color appearing on the literary horizon of our own day.

Geoffrey

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In our last chapter I spoke of that Geoffrey of Monmouth who about the middle of the twelfth century wrote a history--mostly apocryphal--in which was imbedded a germ of the King Arthur fables.

germnounUS /dʒɜːrm/

anything that provides inspiration for later work

From this reading In our last chapter I spoke of that Geoffrey of Monmouth who about the middle of the twelfth century wrote a history--mostly apocryphal--in which was imbedded a germ of the King Arthur fables.

GloucesternounUS /ˈɡlɑːstər/

a town in northeastern Massachusetts on Cape Ann to the northeast of Boston; the harbor has been a fishing center for centuries

From this reading I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.

grantedadjectiveUS /ˈɡræntəd/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading I spoke of King Richard I. and of his song loving, and of his blood loving, and of his royal frankness: then of John, that renegade brother of his--of how he granted _Magna Charta_, killed poor Prince Arthur, and stirred such a current of war as caused the loss of Normandy to England.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.

grewverbUS /ɡruː/

inflected form of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.

growingnounUS /ˈɡroʊɪŋ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading We traced these fables, growing under the successive touches of Wace and Map and Layamon into full-fledged legends, repeated over and over; and finally, with splendid affluence of color appearing on the literary horizon of our own day.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading I spoke of King Richard I. and of his song loving, and of his blood loving, and of his royal frankness: then of John, that renegade brother of his--of how he granted _Magna Charta_, killed poor Prince Arthur, and stirred such a current of war as caused the loss of Normandy to England.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading I spoke of King Richard I. and of his song loving, and of his blood loving, and of his royal frankness: then of John, that renegade brother of his--of how he granted _Magna Charta_, killed poor Prince Arthur, and stirred such a current of war as caused the loss of Normandy to England.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading In our last chapter I spoke of that Geoffrey of Monmouth who about the middle of the twelfth century wrote a history--mostly apocryphal--in which was imbedded a germ of the King Arthur fables.

horizonnounUS /hərˈaɪzən/

the line at which the sky and Earth appear to meet

From this reading We traced these fables, growing under the successive touches of Wace and Map and Layamon into full-fledged legends, repeated over and over; and finally, with splendid affluence of color appearing on the literary horizon of our own day.

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I spoke of King Richard I. and of his song loving, and of his blood loving, and of his royal frankness: then of John, that renegade brother of his--of how he granted _Magna Charta_, killed poor Prince Arthur, and stirred such a current of war as caused the loss of Normandy to England.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading In our last chapter I spoke of that Geoffrey of Monmouth who about the middle of the twelfth century wrote a history--mostly apocryphal--in which was imbedded a germ of the King Arthur fables.

idleadjectiveUS /ˈaɪdəl/

not in action or at work

From this reading I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.

imbeddedverbUS /ɪmˈbedɪd/

inflected form of “imbed” — fix or set securely or deeply

From this reading In our last chapter I spoke of that Geoffrey of Monmouth who about the middle of the twelfth century wrote a history--mostly apocryphal--in which was imbedded a germ of the King Arthur fables.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In our last chapter I spoke of that Geoffrey of Monmouth who about the middle of the twelfth century wrote a history--mostly apocryphal--in which was imbedded a germ of the King Arthur fables.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading We traced these fables, growing under the successive touches of Wace and Map and Layamon into full-fledged legends, repeated over and over; and finally, with splendid affluence of color appearing on the literary horizon of our own day.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading I spoke of King Richard I. and of his song loving, and of his blood loving, and of his royal frankness: then of John, that renegade brother of his--of how he granted _Magna Charta_, killed poor Prince Arthur, and stirred such a current of war as caused the loss of Normandy to England.

killedverbUS /kɪld/

past form of “kill” — cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly

From this reading I spoke of King Richard I. and of his song loving, and of his blood loving, and of his royal frankness: then of John, that renegade brother of his--of how he granted _Magna Charta_, killed poor Prince Arthur, and stirred such a current of war as caused the loss of Normandy to England.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading In our last chapter I spoke of that Geoffrey of Monmouth who about the middle of the twelfth century wrote a history--mostly apocryphal--in which was imbedded a germ of the King Arthur fables.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.

languagenounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading In our last chapter I spoke of that Geoffrey of Monmouth who about the middle of the twelfth century wrote a history--mostly apocryphal--in which was imbedded a germ of the King Arthur fables.

Layamon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We traced these fables, growing under the successive touches of Wace and Map and Layamon into full-fledged legends, repeated over and over; and finally, with splendid affluence of color appearing on the literary horizon of our own day.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading _Roger Bacon._ Starting now from about the same point in time where we left off, our opening scene will take us to the old University town of Oxford.

legendsnounUS /ˈledʒəndz/

plural of “legend” — a story about mythical or supernatural beings or events

From this reading We traced these fables, growing under the successive touches of Wace and Map and Layamon into full-fledged legends, repeated over and over; and finally, with splendid affluence of color appearing on the literary horizon of our own day.

liesnounUS /laɪz/

plural of “lie” — a statement that deviates from or perverts the truth

From this reading I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.

literaryadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəreri/

of or relating to or characteristic of literature

From this reading We traced these fables, growing under the successive touches of Wace and Map and Layamon into full-fledged legends, repeated over and over; and finally, with splendid affluence of color appearing on the literary horizon of our own day.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.

lossnounUS /lɔːs/

something that is lost

From this reading I spoke of King Richard I. and of his song loving, and of his blood loving, and of his royal frankness: then of John, that renegade brother of his--of how he granted _Magna Charta_, killed poor Prince Arthur, and stirred such a current of war as caused the loss of Normandy to England.

lovingadjectiveUS /ˈlʌvɪŋ/

feeling or showing love and affection

From this reading I spoke of King Richard I. and of his song loving, and of his blood loving, and of his royal frankness: then of John, that renegade brother of his--of how he granted _Magna Charta_, killed poor Prince Arthur, and stirred such a current of war as caused the loss of Normandy to England.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.

Magna

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I spoke of King Richard I. and of his song loving, and of his blood loving, and of his royal frankness: then of John, that renegade brother of his--of how he granted _Magna Charta_, killed poor Prince Arthur, and stirred such a current of war as caused the loss of Normandy to England.

Mandeville

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.

MapverbUS /mæp/

make a map of; show or establish the features of details of

From this reading We traced these fables, growing under the successive touches of Wace and Map and Layamon into full-fledged legends, repeated over and over; and finally, with splendid affluence of color appearing on the literary horizon of our own day.

middlenounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading In our last chapter I spoke of that Geoffrey of Monmouth who about the middle of the twelfth century wrote a history--mostly apocryphal--in which was imbedded a germ of the King Arthur fables.

Monmouth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In our last chapter I spoke of that Geoffrey of Monmouth who about the middle of the twelfth century wrote a history--mostly apocryphal--in which was imbedded a germ of the King Arthur fables.

mostlyadverbUS /ˈmoʊstli/

in large part; mainly or chiefly

From this reading In our last chapter I spoke of that Geoffrey of Monmouth who about the middle of the twelfth century wrote a history--mostly apocryphal--in which was imbedded a germ of the King Arthur fables.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.

NormandynounUS /ˈnɔːrməndi/

a former province of northwestern France on the English channel; divided into Haute-Normandie and Basse-Normandie

From this reading I spoke of King Richard I. and of his song loving, and of his blood loving, and of his royal frankness: then of John, that renegade brother of his--of how he granted _Magna Charta_, killed poor Prince Arthur, and stirred such a current of war as caused the loss of Normandy to England.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading _Roger Bacon._ Starting now from about the same point in time where we left off, our opening scene will take us to the old University town of Oxford.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In our last chapter I spoke of that Geoffrey of Monmouth who about the middle of the twelfth century wrote a history--mostly apocryphal--in which was imbedded a germ of the King Arthur fables.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading _Roger Bacon._ Starting now from about the same point in time where we left off, our opening scene will take us to the old University town of Oxford.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading _Roger Bacon._ Starting now from about the same point in time where we left off, our opening scene will take us to the old University town of Oxford.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading We traced these fables, growing under the successive touches of Wace and Map and Layamon into full-fledged legends, repeated over and over; and finally, with splendid affluence of color appearing on the literary horizon of our own day.

onesnounUS /wʌnz/

plural of “one” — the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number

From this reading I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.

openingnounUS /ˈoʊpənɪŋ/

an open or empty space in or between things

From this reading _Roger Bacon._ Starting now from about the same point in time where we left off, our opening scene will take us to the old University town of Oxford.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading In our last chapter I spoke of that Geoffrey of Monmouth who about the middle of the twelfth century wrote a history--mostly apocryphal--in which was imbedded a germ of the King Arthur fables.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading We traced these fables, growing under the successive touches of Wace and Map and Layamon into full-fledged legends, repeated over and over; and finally, with splendid affluence of color appearing on the literary horizon of our own day.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading We traced these fables, growing under the successive touches of Wace and Map and Layamon into full-fledged legends, repeated over and over; and finally, with splendid affluence of color appearing on the literary horizon of our own day.

OxfordnounUS /ˈɑːksfərd/

a city in southern England to the northwest of London; site of Oxford University

From this reading _Roger Bacon._ Starting now from about the same point in time where we left off, our opening scene will take us to the old University town of Oxford.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading _Roger Bacon._ Starting now from about the same point in time where we left off, our opening scene will take us to the old University town of Oxford.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading I spoke of King Richard I. and of his song loving, and of his blood loving, and of his royal frankness: then of John, that renegade brother of his--of how he granted _Magna Charta_, killed poor Prince Arthur, and stirred such a current of war as caused the loss of Normandy to England.

PrincenounUS /prɪns/

a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)

From this reading I spoke of King Richard I. and of his song loving, and of his blood loving, and of his royal frankness: then of John, that renegade brother of his--of how he granted _Magna Charta_, killed poor Prince Arthur, and stirred such a current of war as caused the loss of Normandy to England.

religiousadjectiveUS /rɪˈlɪdʒəs/

concerned with sacred matters or religion or the church

From this reading I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.

renegadenounUS /ˈrenəɡeɪd/

someone who rebels and becomes an outlaw

From this reading I spoke of King Richard I. and of his song loving, and of his blood loving, and of his royal frankness: then of John, that renegade brother of his--of how he granted _Magna Charta_, killed poor Prince Arthur, and stirred such a current of war as caused the loss of Normandy to England.

repeatedadjectiveUS /rɪˈpiːtɪd/

recurring again and again

From this reading We traced these fables, growing under the successive touches of Wace and Map and Layamon into full-fledged legends, repeated over and over; and finally, with splendid affluence of color appearing on the literary horizon of our own day.

rhymingadjectiveUS /ˈraɪmɪŋ/

having corresponding sounds especially terminal sounds

From this reading I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.

Richard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I spoke of King Richard I. and of his song loving, and of his blood loving, and of his royal frankness: then of John, that renegade brother of his--of how he granted _Magna Charta_, killed poor Prince Arthur, and stirred such a current of war as caused the loss of Normandy to England.

RobertnounUS /ˈrɑːbərt/

United States parliamentary authority and author (in 1876) of Robert's Rules of Order (1837-1923)

From this reading I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.

Roger

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Roger Bacon._ Starting now from about the same point in time where we left off, our opening scene will take us to the old University town of Oxford.

royaladjectiveUS /ˈrɔɪəl/

of or relating to or indicative of or issued or performed by a king or queen or other monarch

From this reading I spoke of King Richard I. and of his song loving, and of his blood loving, and of his royal frankness: then of John, that renegade brother of his--of how he granted _Magna Charta_, killed poor Prince Arthur, and stirred such a current of war as caused the loss of Normandy to England.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.

scenenounUS /siːn/

the place where some action occurs

From this reading _Roger Bacon._ Starting now from about the same point in time where we left off, our opening scene will take us to the old University town of Oxford.

seriousadjectiveUS /ˈsɪriəs/

concerned with work or important matters rather than play or trivialities

From this reading I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.

songnounUS /sɔːŋ/

a short musical composition with words

From this reading I spoke of King Richard I. and of his song loving, and of his blood loving, and of his royal frankness: then of John, that renegade brother of his--of how he granted _Magna Charta_, killed poor Prince Arthur, and stirred such a current of war as caused the loss of Normandy to England.

splendidadjectiveUS /ˈsplendɪd/

having great beauty and splendor

From this reading We traced these fables, growing under the successive touches of Wace and Map and Layamon into full-fledged legends, repeated over and over; and finally, with splendid affluence of color appearing on the literary horizon of our own day.

spokenounUS /spoʊk/

support consisting of a radial member of a wheel joining the hub to the rim

From this reading In our last chapter I spoke of that Geoffrey of Monmouth who about the middle of the twelfth century wrote a history--mostly apocryphal--in which was imbedded a germ of the King Arthur fables.

StartingadjectiveUS /ˈstɑːrtɪŋ/

(especially of eyes) bulging or protruding as with fear

From this reading _Roger Bacon._ Starting now from about the same point in time where we left off, our opening scene will take us to the old University town of Oxford.

stirredadjectiveUS /stɜːrd/

being excited or provoked to the expression of an emotion

From this reading I spoke of King Richard I. and of his song loving, and of his blood loving, and of his royal frankness: then of John, that renegade brother of his--of how he granted _Magna Charta_, killed poor Prince Arthur, and stirred such a current of war as caused the loss of Normandy to England.

successiveadjectiveUS /səkˈsesɪv/

in regular succession without gaps

From this reading We traced these fables, growing under the successive touches of Wace and Map and Layamon into full-fledged legends, repeated over and over; and finally, with splendid affluence of color appearing on the literary horizon of our own day.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading I spoke of King Richard I. and of his song loving, and of his blood loving, and of his royal frankness: then of John, that renegade brother of his--of how he granted _Magna Charta_, killed poor Prince Arthur, and stirred such a current of war as caused the loss of Normandy to England.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading _Roger Bacon._ Starting now from about the same point in time where we left off, our opening scene will take us to the old University town of Oxford.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In our last chapter I spoke of that Geoffrey of Monmouth who about the middle of the twelfth century wrote a history--mostly apocryphal--in which was imbedded a germ of the King Arthur fables.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In our last chapter I spoke of that Geoffrey of Monmouth who about the middle of the twelfth century wrote a history--mostly apocryphal--in which was imbedded a germ of the King Arthur fables.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading I spoke of King Richard I. and of his song loving, and of his blood loving, and of his royal frankness: then of John, that renegade brother of his--of how he granted _Magna Charta_, killed poor Prince Arthur, and stirred such a current of war as caused the loss of Normandy to England.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading We traced these fables, growing under the successive touches of Wace and Map and Layamon into full-fledged legends, repeated over and over; and finally, with splendid affluence of color appearing on the literary horizon of our own day.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading _Roger Bacon._ Starting now from about the same point in time where we left off, our opening scene will take us to the old University town of Oxford.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I spoke of King Richard I. and of his song loving, and of his blood loving, and of his royal frankness: then of John, that renegade brother of his--of how he granted _Magna Charta_, killed poor Prince Arthur, and stirred such a current of war as caused the loss of Normandy to England.

tonguenounUS /tʌŋ/

a mobile mass of muscular tissue covered with mucous membrane and located in the oral cavity

From this reading I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.

touchesnounUS /ˈtʌtʃəz/

plural of “touch” — the event of something coming in contact with the body

From this reading We traced these fables, growing under the successive touches of Wace and Map and Layamon into full-fledged legends, repeated over and over; and finally, with splendid affluence of color appearing on the literary horizon of our own day.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading _Roger Bacon._ Starting now from about the same point in time where we left off, our opening scene will take us to the old University town of Oxford.

tracedverbUS /treɪst/

past form of “trace” — follow, discover, or ascertain the course of development of something

From this reading We traced these fables, growing under the successive touches of Wace and Map and Layamon into full-fledged legends, repeated over and over; and finally, with splendid affluence of color appearing on the literary horizon of our own day.

twelfthadjectiveUS /twelfθ/

coming next after the eleventh and just before the thirteenth in position

From this reading In our last chapter I spoke of that Geoffrey of Monmouth who about the middle of the twelfth century wrote a history--mostly apocryphal--in which was imbedded a germ of the King Arthur fables.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading We traced these fables, growing under the successive touches of Wace and Map and Layamon into full-fledged legends, repeated over and over; and finally, with splendid affluence of color appearing on the literary horizon of our own day.

UniversitynounUS /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəti/

the body of faculty and students at a university

From this reading _Roger Bacon._ Starting now from about the same point in time where we left off, our opening scene will take us to the old University town of Oxford.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading _Roger Bacon._ Starting now from about the same point in time where we left off, our opening scene will take us to the old University town of Oxford.

Wace

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We traced these fables, growing under the successive touches of Wace and Map and Layamon into full-fledged legends, repeated over and over; and finally, with splendid affluence of color appearing on the literary horizon of our own day.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading I spoke of King Richard I. and of his song loving, and of his blood loving, and of his royal frankness: then of John, that renegade brother of his--of how he granted _Magna Charta_, killed poor Prince Arthur, and stirred such a current of war as caused the loss of Normandy to England.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In our last chapter I spoke of that Geoffrey of Monmouth who about the middle of the twelfth century wrote a history--mostly apocryphal--in which was imbedded a germ of the King Arthur fables.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We traced these fables, growing under the successive touches of Wace and Map and Layamon into full-fledged legends, repeated over and over; and finally, with splendid affluence of color appearing on the literary horizon of our own day.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading _Roger Bacon._ Starting now from about the same point in time where we left off, our opening scene will take us to the old University town of Oxford.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In our last chapter I spoke of that Geoffrey of Monmouth who about the middle of the twelfth century wrote a history--mostly apocryphal--in which was imbedded a germ of the King Arthur fables.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading In our last chapter I spoke of that Geoffrey of Monmouth who about the middle of the twelfth century wrote a history--mostly apocryphal--in which was imbedded a germ of the King Arthur fables.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading _Roger Bacon._ Starting now from about the same point in time where we left off, our opening scene will take us to the old University town of Oxford.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading We traced these fables, growing under the successive touches of Wace and Map and Layamon into full-fledged legends, repeated over and over; and finally, with splendid affluence of color appearing on the literary horizon of our own day.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading I spoke of the connection of this loss with the consolidation of the language; of how Robert of Gloucester made a rhyming history that was in a new English; of how the name of Sir John Mandeville was associated with great lies, in the same tongue; how the religious houses made books, and fattened on the best of the land, and grew corrupt; and last--of how we, if we had lived in those days, would have found disport for our idle hours and consolation for our serious ones.

wroteverbUS /roʊt/

inflected form of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading In our last chapter I spoke of that Geoffrey of Monmouth who about the middle of the twelfth century wrote a history--mostly apocryphal--in which was imbedded a germ of the King Arthur fables.

Chapter 4 of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1 by Donald Grant Mitchell holds 219 sentences, grouped into 44 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1 contain?

Chapter 4 holds 219 sentences of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1, unabridged, divided into 44 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1 by Donald Grant Mitchell exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 219 sentences, grouped into 44 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1?

Work through the 44 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 44 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1

Common questions about reading English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1 by Donald Grant Mitchell on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1?

Yes. All 2043 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #54168 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #54168, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1 take to read?

About 170 minutes of reading across 409 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1 section by section

How to work through English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 9 chapters of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Https
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Elizabeth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Queen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Georges
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.