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English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1
English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1 is here in full — 166 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1
Context Illustration Reading 1/33 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
When we turned the leaf upon the Balladry of England, we were upon fifteenth century ground, which, you will remember, we found very barren of great writers.
Gower and Froissart, whom we touched upon, slipped off the stage just as the century began--their names making two of those joined in that group of deaths to which I called attention, and which marked the meeting of two centuries.
Next we had glimpse of Lydgate and of King James (of Scotland), who, at their best, only gave faint token of the poetic spirit which illuminated the far better verses of Chaucer.
We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.
We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1 is here in full — 166 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/33 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
When we turned the leaf upon the Balladry of England, we were upon fifteenth century ground, which, you will remember, we found very barren of great writers.
Line 2
Gower and Froissart, whom we touched upon, slipped off the stage just as the century began--their names making two of those joined in that group of deaths to which I called attention, and which marked the meeting of two centuries.
Line 3
Next we had glimpse of Lydgate and of King James (of Scotland), who, at their best, only gave faint token of the poetic spirit which illuminated the far better verses of Chaucer.
Line 4
We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.
Line 5
We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’sMerry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Agincourt noun US /ˈædʒənkɔːrt/

a battle in northern France in which English longbowmen under Henry V decisively defeated a much larger French army in 1415

From this reading “We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.”

crabbed adjective US /kræbd/

annoyed and irritable

From this reading “We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.”

Falstaff noun US /ˈfɔːlstæf/

a dissolute character in Shakespeare's plays

From this reading “We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.”

presentment noun US /priˈzentmənt/

an accusation of crime made by a grand jury on its own initiative

From this reading “We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.”

snatches noun US /ˈsnætʃɪz/

plural of “snatch” — a small fragment

From this reading “We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.”

summed verb US /sʌmd/

inflected form of “sum” — be a summary of

From this reading “We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.”

tinkling adjective US /ˈtɪŋkəlɪŋ/

like the short high ringing sound of a small bell

From this reading “We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.”

Valois noun US /vælˈwɑː/

French royal house from 1328 to 1589

From this reading “We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

fifteenth century adjective + noun

In this reading “When we turned the leaf upon the Balladry of England, we were upon fifteenth century ground, which, you will remember, we found very barren of great writers.”

new phase adjective + noun

In this reading “We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.”

hundred years noun + noun

In this reading “We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.”

first time adjective + noun

In this reading “We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.”

slipped off verb + particle counted as “slip off”

take off with ease or speed

In this reading “Gower and Froissart, whom we touched upon, slipped off the stage just as the century began--their names making two of those joined in that group of deaths to which I called attention, and which marked the meeting of two centuries.”

lingered over verb + particle counted as “linger over”

delay

In this reading “We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.”

passed over verb + particle counted as “pass over”

bypass

In this reading “We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.”

far better adverb + adjective

In this reading “Next we had glimpse of Lydgate and of King James (of Scotland), who, at their best, only gave faint token of the poetic spirit which illuminated the far better verses of Chaucer.”

All words in this reading · 154

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

AgincourtnounUS /ˈædʒənkɔːrt/

a battle in northern France in which English longbowmen under Henry V decisively defeated a much larger French army in 1415

From this reading We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Gower and Froissart, whom we touched upon, slipped off the stage just as the century began--their names making two of those joined in that group of deaths to which I called attention, and which marked the meeting of two centuries.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Gower and Froissart, whom we touched upon, slipped off the stage just as the century began--their names making two of those joined in that group of deaths to which I called attention, and which marked the meeting of two centuries.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Next we had glimpse of Lydgate and of King James (of Scotland), who, at their best, only gave faint token of the poetic spirit which illuminated the far better verses of Chaucer.

attentionnounUS /əˈtenʃən/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading Gower and Froissart, whom we touched upon, slipped off the stage just as the century began--their names making two of those joined in that group of deaths to which I called attention, and which marked the meeting of two centuries.

Balladry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When we turned the leaf upon the Balladry of England, we were upon fifteenth century ground, which, you will remember, we found very barren of great writers.

Barnes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

barrenadjectiveUS /ˈbærən/

providing no shelter or sustenance

From this reading When we turned the leaf upon the Balladry of England, we were upon fifteenth century ground, which, you will remember, we found very barren of great writers.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Gower and Froissart, whom we touched upon, slipped off the stage just as the century began--their names making two of those joined in that group of deaths to which I called attention, and which marked the meeting of two centuries.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading Next we had glimpse of Lydgate and of King James (of Scotland), who, at their best, only gave faint token of the poetic spirit which illuminated the far better verses of Chaucer.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading Next we had glimpse of Lydgate and of King James (of Scotland), who, at their best, only gave faint token of the poetic spirit which illuminated the far better verses of Chaucer.

bitnounUS /bɪt/

a small piece or quantity of something

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

book-trade

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

Bosworth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.

bugle-note

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Gower and Froissart, whom we touched upon, slipped off the stage just as the century began--their names making two of those joined in that group of deaths to which I called attention, and which marked the meeting of two centuries.

Caxton's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

centuriesnounUS /ˈsentʃəriz/

plural of “century” — a period of 100 years

From this reading Gower and Froissart, whom we touched upon, slipped off the stage just as the century began--their names making two of those joined in that group of deaths to which I called attention, and which marked the meeting of two centuries.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading When we turned the leaf upon the Balladry of England, we were upon fifteenth century ground, which, you will remember, we found very barren of great writers.

ChaucernounUS /ˈtʃɔːsər/

English poet remembered as author of the Canterbury Tales (1340-1400)

From this reading Next we had glimpse of Lydgate and of King James (of Scotland), who, at their best, only gave faint token of the poetic spirit which illuminated the far better verses of Chaucer.

comingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.

courtshipnounUS /ˈkɔːrtʃɪp/

a man's courting of a woman; seeking the affections of a woman (usually with the hope of marriage)

From this reading We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.

crabbedadjectiveUS /kræbd/

annoyed and irritable

From this reading We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.

crookedadjectiveUS /ˈkrʊkəd/

having or marked by bends or angles; not straight or aligned

From this reading We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.

DamenounUS /deɪm/

informal terms for a (young) woman

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

deathsnounUS /deθs/

plural of “death” — the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading Gower and Froissart, whom we touched upon, slipped off the stage just as the century began--their names making two of those joined in that group of deaths to which I called attention, and which marked the meeting of two centuries.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading When we turned the leaf upon the Balladry of England, we were upon fifteenth century ground, which, you will remember, we found very barren of great writers.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

faintadjectiveUS /feɪnt/

deficient in magnitude; barely perceptible; lacking clarity or brightness or loudness etc

From this reading Next we had glimpse of Lydgate and of King James (of Scotland), who, at their best, only gave faint token of the poetic spirit which illuminated the far better verses of Chaucer.

FalstaffnounUS /ˈfɔːlstæf/

a dissolute character in Shakespeare's plays

From this reading We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Next we had glimpse of Lydgate and of King James (of Scotland), who, at their best, only gave faint token of the poetic spirit which illuminated the far better verses of Chaucer.

fieldnounUS /fiːld/

a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed

From this reading We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.

fifteenthadjectiveUS /fɪfˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the fourteenth and just before the sixteenth in position

From this reading When we turned the leaf upon the Balladry of England, we were upon fifteenth century ground, which, you will remember, we found very barren of great writers.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

fitfuladjectiveUS /ˈfɪtfəl/

occurring in spells and often abruptly

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading When we turned the leaf upon the Balladry of England, we were upon fifteenth century ground, which, you will remember, we found very barren of great writers.

Froissart

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Gower and Froissart, whom we touched upon, slipped off the stage just as the century began--their names making two of those joined in that group of deaths to which I called attention, and which marked the meeting of two centuries.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Next we had glimpse of Lydgate and of King James (of Scotland), who, at their best, only gave faint token of the poetic spirit which illuminated the far better verses of Chaucer.

glimpsenounUS /ɡlɪmps/

a quick look

From this reading Next we had glimpse of Lydgate and of King James (of Scotland), who, at their best, only gave faint token of the poetic spirit which illuminated the far better verses of Chaucer.

Gower

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Gower and Froissart, whom we touched upon, slipped off the stage just as the century began--their names making two of those joined in that group of deaths to which I called attention, and which marked the meeting of two centuries.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading When we turned the leaf upon the Balladry of England, we were upon fifteenth century ground, which, you will remember, we found very barren of great writers.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading When we turned the leaf upon the Balladry of England, we were upon fifteenth century ground, which, you will remember, we found very barren of great writers.

groupnounUS /ɡruːp/

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading Gower and Froissart, whom we touched upon, slipped off the stage just as the century began--their names making two of those joined in that group of deaths to which I called attention, and which marked the meeting of two centuries.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Next we had glimpse of Lydgate and of King James (of Scotland), who, at their best, only gave faint token of the poetic spirit which illuminated the far better verses of Chaucer.

Hal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.

HenrynounUS /ˈhenri/

a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second

From this reading We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.

Henrys

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.

home-life

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Gower and Froissart, whom we touched upon, slipped off the stage just as the century began--their names making two of those joined in that group of deaths to which I called attention, and which marked the meeting of two centuries.

IIInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.

illuminatedadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈluːməneɪtəd/

provided with artificial light

From this reading Next we had glimpse of Lydgate and of King James (of Scotland), who, at their best, only gave faint token of the poetic spirit which illuminated the far better verses of Chaucer.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Gower and Froissart, whom we touched upon, slipped off the stage just as the century began--their names making two of those joined in that group of deaths to which I called attention, and which marked the meeting of two centuries.

inadequateadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈnædəkwət/

lacking the requisite qualities or resources to meet a task

From this reading We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.

JamesnounUS /dʒeɪmz/

a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading Next we had glimpse of Lydgate and of King James (of Scotland), who, at their best, only gave faint token of the poetic spirit which illuminated the far better verses of Chaucer.

joinedadjectiveUS /dʒɔɪnd/

of or relating to two people who are married to each other

From this reading Gower and Froissart, whom we touched upon, slipped off the stage just as the century began--their names making two of those joined in that group of deaths to which I called attention, and which marked the meeting of two centuries.

Juliana

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading Gower and Froissart, whom we touched upon, slipped off the stage just as the century began--their names making two of those joined in that group of deaths to which I called attention, and which marked the meeting of two centuries.

Katharine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading Next we had glimpse of Lydgate and of King James (of Scotland), who, at their best, only gave faint token of the poetic spirit which illuminated the far better verses of Chaucer.

leafnounUS /liːf/

the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading When we turned the leaf upon the Balladry of England, we were upon fifteenth century ground, which, you will remember, we found very barren of great writers.

LettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

lingeredverbUS /ˈlɪŋɡərd/

past form of “linger” — remain present although waning or gradually dying

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

listverbUS /lɪst/

give or make a list of; name individually; give the names of

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

Lydgate

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Next we had glimpse of Lydgate and of King James (of Scotland), who, at their best, only gave faint token of the poetic spirit which illuminated the far better verses of Chaucer.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

MaidnounUS /meɪd/

a female domestic

From this reading We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading Gower and Froissart, whom we touched upon, slipped off the stage just as the century began--their names making two of those joined in that group of deaths to which I called attention, and which marked the meeting of two centuries.

Margaret

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

markedadjectiveUS /mɑːrkt/

strongly marked; easily noticeable

From this reading Gower and Froissart, whom we touched upon, slipped off the stage just as the century began--their names making two of those joined in that group of deaths to which I called attention, and which marked the meeting of two centuries.

meetingnounUS /ˈmiːtɪŋ/

a formally arranged gathering

From this reading Gower and Froissart, whom we touched upon, slipped off the stage just as the century began--their names making two of those joined in that group of deaths to which I called attention, and which marked the meeting of two centuries.

mentionverbUS /ˈmenʃən/

make reference to

From this reading We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.

MerryadjectiveUS /ˈmeri/

full of or showing high-spirited merriment

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

musicnounUS /ˈmjuːzɪk/

an artistic form of auditory communication incorporating instrumental or vocal tones in a structured and continuous manner

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

namesnounUS /neɪmz/

verbal abuse; a crude substitute for argument

From this reading Gower and Froissart, whom we touched upon, slipped off the stage just as the century began--their names making two of those joined in that group of deaths to which I called attention, and which marked the meeting of two centuries.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

NextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading Next we had glimpse of Lydgate and of King James (of Scotland), who, at their best, only gave faint token of the poetic spirit which illuminated the far better verses of Chaucer.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading When we turned the leaf upon the Balladry of England, we were upon fifteenth century ground, which, you will remember, we found very barren of great writers.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Gower and Froissart, whom we touched upon, slipped off the stage just as the century began--their names making two of those joined in that group of deaths to which I called attention, and which marked the meeting of two centuries.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Next we had glimpse of Lydgate and of King James (of Scotland), who, at their best, only gave faint token of the poetic spirit which illuminated the far better verses of Chaucer.

OrleansnounUS /ˈɔːrliənz/

a city on the Loire river in north central France; site of the siege of Orleans by the English (1428-1429)

From this reading We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.

Paston

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.

phasenounUS /feɪz/

any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

poeticadjectiveUS /poʊˈetɪk/

of or relating to poetry

From this reading Next we had glimpse of Lydgate and of King James (of Scotland), who, at their best, only gave faint token of the poetic spirit which illuminated the far better verses of Chaucer.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.

presentmentnounUS /priˈzentmənt/

an accusation of crime made by a grand jury on its own initiative

From this reading We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.

pressverbUS /pres/

exert pressure or force to or upon

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

PrincenounUS /prɪns/

a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)

From this reading We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

quaintadjectiveUS /kweɪnt/

strange in an interesting or pleasing way

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

rememberverbUS /rɪˈmɛm.bər/

To recall to mind.

From this reading When we turned the leaf upon the Balladry of England, we were upon fifteenth century ground, which, you will remember, we found very barren of great writers.

Richard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.

RichmondnounUS /ˈrɪtʃmənd/

capital of the state of Virginia located in the east central part of the state; was capital of the Confederacy during the American Civil War

From this reading We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.

RosesnounUS /ˈroʊzɪz/

plural of “rose” — any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.

roundedadjectiveUS /ˈraʊndəd/

curving and somewhat round in shape rather than jagged

From this reading We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.

ScotlandnounUS /ˈskɑːtlənd/

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; located on the northern part of the island of Great Britain; famous for bagpipes and plaids and kilts

From this reading Next we had glimpse of Lydgate and of King James (of Scotland), who, at their best, only gave faint token of the poetic spirit which illuminated the far better verses of Chaucer.

Shakespeare'snounUS /ˈʃeɪkspiːrz/

possessive form of “shakespeare” — English poet and dramatist considered one of the greatest English writers (1564-1616)

From this reading We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.

Skelton's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

slippedverbUS /slɪpt/

inflected form of “slip” — move stealthily

From this reading Gower and Froissart, whom we touched upon, slipped off the stage just as the century began--their names making two of those joined in that group of deaths to which I called attention, and which marked the meeting of two centuries.

smelledverbUS /smeld/

past form of “smell” — inhale the odor of; perceive by the olfactory sense

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

snatchesnounUS /ˈsnætʃɪz/

plural of “snatch” — a small fragment

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

spiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading Next we had glimpse of Lydgate and of King James (of Scotland), who, at their best, only gave faint token of the poetic spirit which illuminated the far better verses of Chaucer.

stagenounUS /steɪdʒ/

any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading Gower and Froissart, whom we touched upon, slipped off the stage just as the century began--their names making two of those joined in that group of deaths to which I called attention, and which marked the meeting of two centuries.

stronglyadverbUS /ˈstrɔːŋli/

with strength or in a strong manner

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

summedverbUS /sʌmd/

inflected form of “sum” — be a summary of

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

takingnounUS /ˈteɪkɪŋ/

the act of someone who picks up or takes something

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

talkverbUS /tɔːk/

exchange thoughts; talk with

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Gower and Froissart, whom we touched upon, slipped off the stage just as the century began--their names making two of those joined in that group of deaths to which I called attention, and which marked the meeting of two centuries.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading When we turned the leaf upon the Balladry of England, we were upon fifteenth century ground, which, you will remember, we found very barren of great writers.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Gower and Froissart, whom we touched upon, slipped off the stage just as the century began--their names making two of those joined in that group of deaths to which I called attention, and which marked the meeting of two centuries.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Gower and Froissart, whom we touched upon, slipped off the stage just as the century began--their names making two of those joined in that group of deaths to which I called attention, and which marked the meeting of two centuries.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

time-stained

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

tinklingadjectiveUS /ˈtɪŋkəlɪŋ/

like the short high ringing sound of a small bell

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Gower and Froissart, whom we touched upon, slipped off the stage just as the century began--their names making two of those joined in that group of deaths to which I called attention, and which marked the meeting of two centuries.

tokennounUS /ˈtoʊkən/

an individual instance of a type of symbol

From this reading Next we had glimpse of Lydgate and of King James (of Scotland), who, at their best, only gave faint token of the poetic spirit which illuminated the far better verses of Chaucer.

touchedadjectiveUS /tʌtʃt/

having come into contact

From this reading Gower and Froissart, whom we touched upon, slipped off the stage just as the century began--their names making two of those joined in that group of deaths to which I called attention, and which marked the meeting of two centuries.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading When we turned the leaf upon the Balladry of England, we were upon fifteenth century ground, which, you will remember, we found very barren of great writers.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Gower and Froissart, whom we touched upon, slipped off the stage just as the century began--their names making two of those joined in that group of deaths to which I called attention, and which marked the meeting of two centuries.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading When we turned the leaf upon the Balladry of England, we were upon fifteenth century ground, which, you will remember, we found very barren of great writers.

ValoisnounUS /vælˈwɑː/

French royal house from 1328 to 1589

From this reading We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.

versesnounUS /ˈvɜːrsəz/

plural of “verse” — literature in metrical form

From this reading Next we had glimpse of Lydgate and of King James (of Scotland), who, at their best, only gave faint token of the poetic spirit which illuminated the far better verses of Chaucer.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading When we turned the leaf upon the Balladry of England, we were upon fifteenth century ground, which, you will remember, we found very barren of great writers.

WarnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading When we turned the leaf upon the Balladry of England, we were upon fifteenth century ground, which, you will remember, we found very barren of great writers.

wearinessnounUS /ˈwɪrinəs/

temporary loss of strength and energy resulting from hard physical or mental work

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading When we turned the leaf upon the Balladry of England, we were upon fifteenth century ground, which, you will remember, we found very barren of great writers.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When we turned the leaf upon the Balladry of England, we were upon fifteenth century ground, which, you will remember, we found very barren of great writers.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading When we turned the leaf upon the Balladry of England, we were upon fifteenth century ground, which, you will remember, we found very barren of great writers.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Next we had glimpse of Lydgate and of King James (of Scotland), who, at their best, only gave faint token of the poetic spirit which illuminated the far better verses of Chaucer.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Gower and Froissart, whom we touched upon, slipped off the stage just as the century began--their names making two of those joined in that group of deaths to which I called attention, and which marked the meeting of two centuries.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading When we turned the leaf upon the Balladry of England, we were upon fifteenth century ground, which, you will remember, we found very barren of great writers.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading We then passed over the period of the Henrys, and of the War of the Roses, with mention of Shakespeare’s Falstaff--of his Prince Hal--his Agincourt--his courtship of Katharine of Valois--his inadequate presentment of the Maid of Orleans--his crabbed and crooked Richard III.--all rounded out with the battle of Bosworth field, and the coming to power of Henry of Richmond.

woman-writer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

writersnounUS /ˈraɪtərz/

plural of “writer” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading When we turned the leaf upon the Balladry of England, we were upon fifteenth century ground, which, you will remember, we found very barren of great writers.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading We found the book-trade taking on a new phase with Caxton’s press: we gave a tinkling bit of Skelton’s “Merry Margaret;” we put a woman-writer--Dame Juliana Barnes--for the first time on our list; we lingered over the quaint time-stained Paston Letters, which smelled so strongly of old English home-life; and we summed up our talk with a little bugle-note of that Balladry which made fitful snatches of music all through the weariness of those hundred years.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading When we turned the leaf upon the Balladry of England, we were upon fifteenth century ground, which, you will remember, we found very barren of great writers.

Chapter 6 of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1 by Donald Grant Mitchell holds 166 sentences, grouped into 34 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1 contain?

Chapter 6 holds 166 sentences of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1, unabridged, divided into 34 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1 by Donald Grant Mitchell exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 166 sentences, grouped into 34 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1?

Work through the 34 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 34 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 6 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1

Common questions about reading English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1 by Donald Grant Mitchell on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1?

Yes. All 2043 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #54168 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #54168, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1 take to read?

About 170 minutes of reading across 409 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1 section by section

How to work through English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 9 chapters of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Https
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Elizabeth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Queen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Georges
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.