Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 2
English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 2

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 2 is here in full — 747 sentences across 150 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 2
Context Illustration Reading 1/149 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.
I spoke of the relationship of these two; also had some fore-words about Mary’s sister, the future Queen Anne, and about the death of her boy, the little Duke of Gloucester.
I had something to say of that easy and artful poet, Matthew Prior, who smartly wrote his way, by judicious panegyrics and well-metred song, from humble station to that of ambassador at the court of France.
We had a taste of the elegant Congreve, and said much of that bouncer of a man Daniel De Foe; the character of this latter we cannot greatly esteem--but when can we cease to admire the talent that gave to us the story of _Robinson Crusoe_?
Then I spoke to you of Sir Richard Steele--poor Steele! poor Prue!
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 2

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 2 is here in full — 747 sentences across 150 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/149 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.
Line 2
I spoke of the relationship of these two; also had some fore-words about Mary’s sister, the future Queen Anne, and about the death of her boy, the little Duke of Gloucester.
Line 3
I had something to say of that easy and artful poet, Matthew Prior, who smartly wrote his way, by judicious panegyrics and well-metred song, from humble station to that of ambassador at the court of France.
Line 4
We had a taste of the elegant Congreve, and said much of that bouncer of a man Daniel De Foe; the character of this latter we cannot greatly esteem--but when can we cease to admire the talent that gave to us the story of _Robinson Crusoe_?
Line 5
Then I spoke to you of Sir Richard Steele--poor Steele! poor Prue!

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

artful adjective US /ˈɑːrtfəl/

not straightforward or candid; giving a false appearance of frankness

From this reading “I had something to say of that easy and artful poet, Matthew Prior, who smartly wrote his way, by judicious panegyrics and well-metred song, from humble station to that of ambassador at the court of France.”

bouncer noun US /ˈbaʊnsər/

a person whose duty is to throw troublemakers out of a bar or public meeting

From this reading “We had a taste of the elegant Congreve, and said much of that bouncer of a man Daniel De Foe; the character of this latter we cannot greatly esteem--but when can we cease to admire the talent that gave to us the story of _Robinson Crusoe_?”

consort verb US /kənˈsɔːrt/

keep company with; hang out with

From this reading “In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.”

fighter noun US /ˈfaɪtər/

someone who fights (or is fighting)

From this reading “In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.”

Gloucester noun US /ˈɡlɑːstər/

a town in northeastern Massachusetts on Cape Ann to the northeast of Boston; the harbor has been a fishing center for centuries

From this reading “I spoke of the relationship of these two; also had some fore-words about Mary’s sister, the future Queen Anne, and about the death of her boy, the little Duke of Gloucester.”

opinionated adjective US /əˈpɪnjəneɪtɪd/

obstinate in your opinions

From this reading “In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.”

skirmish noun US /ˈskɜːrmɪʃ/

a minor short-term fight

From this reading “In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.”

smartly adverb US /ˈsmɑːrtli/

in a clever manner

From this reading “I had something to say of that easy and artful poet, Matthew Prior, who smartly wrote his way, by judicious panegyrics and well-metred song, from humble station to that of ambassador at the court of France.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

at the court preposition + article + noun counted as “at … court”

In this reading “I had something to say of that easy and artful poet, Matthew Prior, who smartly wrote his way, by judicious panegyrics and well-metred song, from humble station to that of ambassador at the court of France.”

taste of verb + particle

In this reading “We had a taste of the elegant Congreve, and said much of that bouncer of a man Daniel De Foe; the character of this latter we cannot greatly esteem--but when can we cease to admire the talent that gave to us the story of _Robinson Crusoe_?”

All words in this reading · 124

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading I spoke of the relationship of these two; also had some fore-words about Mary’s sister, the future Queen Anne, and about the death of her boy, the little Duke of Gloucester.

admireverbUS /ædˈmaɪr/

feel admiration for

From this reading We had a taste of the elegant Congreve, and said much of that bouncer of a man Daniel De Foe; the character of this latter we cannot greatly esteem--but when can we cease to admire the talent that gave to us the story of _Robinson Crusoe_?

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading I spoke of the relationship of these two; also had some fore-words about Mary’s sister, the future Queen Anne, and about the death of her boy, the little Duke of Gloucester.

ambassadornounUS /æmˈbæsədər/

a diplomat of the highest rank; accredited as representative from one country to another

From this reading I had something to say of that easy and artful poet, Matthew Prior, who smartly wrote his way, by judicious panegyrics and well-metred song, from humble station to that of ambassador at the court of France.

amiableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪmiəbəl/

disposed to please

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

AnnenounUS /æn/

Queen of England and Scotland and Ireland; daughter if James II and the last of the Stuart monarchs; in 1707 she was the last English ruler to exercise the royal veto over parliament (1665-1714)

From this reading I spoke of the relationship of these two; also had some fore-words about Mary’s sister, the future Queen Anne, and about the death of her boy, the little Duke of Gloucester.

artfuladjectiveUS /ˈɑːrtfəl/

not straightforward or candid; giving a false appearance of frankness

From this reading I had something to say of that easy and artful poet, Matthew Prior, who smartly wrote his way, by judicious panegyrics and well-metred song, from humble station to that of ambassador at the court of France.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading I had something to say of that easy and artful poet, Matthew Prior, who smartly wrote his way, by judicious panegyrics and well-metred song, from humble station to that of ambassador at the court of France.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

bouncernounUS /ˈbaʊnsər/

a person whose duty is to throw troublemakers out of a bar or public meeting

From this reading We had a taste of the elegant Congreve, and said much of that bouncer of a man Daniel De Foe; the character of this latter we cannot greatly esteem--but when can we cease to admire the talent that gave to us the story of _Robinson Crusoe_?

boynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading I spoke of the relationship of these two; also had some fore-words about Mary’s sister, the future Queen Anne, and about the death of her boy, the little Duke of Gloucester.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading We had a taste of the elegant Congreve, and said much of that bouncer of a man Daniel De Foe; the character of this latter we cannot greatly esteem--but when can we cease to admire the talent that gave to us the story of _Robinson Crusoe_?

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading I had something to say of that easy and artful poet, Matthew Prior, who smartly wrote his way, by judicious panegyrics and well-metred song, from humble station to that of ambassador at the court of France.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading We had a taste of the elegant Congreve, and said much of that bouncer of a man Daniel De Foe; the character of this latter we cannot greatly esteem--but when can we cease to admire the talent that gave to us the story of _Robinson Crusoe_?

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We had a taste of the elegant Congreve, and said much of that bouncer of a man Daniel De Foe; the character of this latter we cannot greatly esteem--but when can we cease to admire the talent that gave to us the story of _Robinson Crusoe_?

ceaseverbUS /siːs/

put an end to a state or an activity

From this reading We had a taste of the elegant Congreve, and said much of that bouncer of a man Daniel De Foe; the character of this latter we cannot greatly esteem--but when can we cease to admire the talent that gave to us the story of _Robinson Crusoe_?

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading We had a taste of the elegant Congreve, and said much of that bouncer of a man Daniel De Foe; the character of this latter we cannot greatly esteem--but when can we cease to admire the talent that gave to us the story of _Robinson Crusoe_?

comingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

Congrevenoun

English playwright remembered for his comedies (1670-1729)

From this reading We had a taste of the elegant Congreve, and said much of that bouncer of a man Daniel De Foe; the character of this latter we cannot greatly esteem--but when can we cease to admire the talent that gave to us the story of _Robinson Crusoe_?

consortverbUS /kənˈsɔːrt/

keep company with; hang out with

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

courtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading I had something to say of that easy and artful poet, Matthew Prior, who smartly wrote his way, by judicious panegyrics and well-metred song, from humble station to that of ambassador at the court of France.

Crusoe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We had a taste of the elegant Congreve, and said much of that bouncer of a man Daniel De Foe; the character of this latter we cannot greatly esteem--but when can we cease to admire the talent that gave to us the story of _Robinson Crusoe_?

DanielnounUS /ˈdænjəl/

(Old Testament) a youth who was taken into the court of Nebuchadnezzar and given divine protection when thrown into a den of lions (6th century BC)

From this reading We had a taste of the elegant Congreve, and said much of that bouncer of a man Daniel De Foe; the character of this latter we cannot greatly esteem--but when can we cease to admire the talent that gave to us the story of _Robinson Crusoe_?

DenounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading We had a taste of the elegant Congreve, and said much of that bouncer of a man Daniel De Foe; the character of this latter we cannot greatly esteem--but when can we cease to admire the talent that gave to us the story of _Robinson Crusoe_?

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading I spoke of the relationship of these two; also had some fore-words about Mary’s sister, the future Queen Anne, and about the death of her boy, the little Duke of Gloucester.

DukenounUS /duːk/

a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading I spoke of the relationship of these two; also had some fore-words about Mary’s sister, the future Queen Anne, and about the death of her boy, the little Duke of Gloucester.

easyadjectiveUS /ˈiːzi/

posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading I had something to say of that easy and artful poet, Matthew Prior, who smartly wrote his way, by judicious panegyrics and well-metred song, from humble station to that of ambassador at the court of France.

elegantadjectiveUS /ˈeləɡənt/

refined and tasteful in appearance or behavior or style

From this reading We had a taste of the elegant Congreve, and said much of that bouncer of a man Daniel De Foe; the character of this latter we cannot greatly esteem--but when can we cease to admire the talent that gave to us the story of _Robinson Crusoe_?

esteemnounUS /əˈstiːm/

the condition of being honored (esteemed or respected or well regarded)

From this reading We had a taste of the elegant Congreve, and said much of that bouncer of a man Daniel De Foe; the character of this latter we cannot greatly esteem--but when can we cease to admire the talent that gave to us the story of _Robinson Crusoe_?

fighternounUS /ˈfaɪtər/

someone who fights (or is fighting)

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

fillverbUS /fɪl/

make full, also in a metaphorical sense

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

flittingverbUS /ˈflɪtɪŋ/

inflected form of “flit” — move along rapidly and lightly; skim or dart

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

FoenounUS /foʊ/

an armed adversary (especially a member of an opposing military force)

From this reading We had a taste of the elegant Congreve, and said much of that bouncer of a man Daniel De Foe; the character of this latter we cannot greatly esteem--but when can we cease to admire the talent that gave to us the story of _Robinson Crusoe_?

fore-words

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I spoke of the relationship of these two; also had some fore-words about Mary’s sister, the future Queen Anne, and about the death of her boy, the little Duke of Gloucester.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading I had something to say of that easy and artful poet, Matthew Prior, who smartly wrote his way, by judicious panegyrics and well-metred song, from humble station to that of ambassador at the court of France.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

futureadjectiveUS /ˈfjuːtʃər/

yet to be or coming

From this reading I spoke of the relationship of these two; also had some fore-words about Mary’s sister, the future Queen Anne, and about the death of her boy, the little Duke of Gloucester.

gauntletedadjective

wearing a protective glove

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading We had a taste of the elegant Congreve, and said much of that bouncer of a man Daniel De Foe; the character of this latter we cannot greatly esteem--but when can we cease to admire the talent that gave to us the story of _Robinson Crusoe_?

GloucesternounUS /ˈɡlɑːstər/

a town in northeastern Massachusetts on Cape Ann to the northeast of Boston; the harbor has been a fishing center for centuries

From this reading I spoke of the relationship of these two; also had some fore-words about Mary’s sister, the future Queen Anne, and about the death of her boy, the little Duke of Gloucester.

greatlyadverbUS /ˈɡreɪtli/

to an extraordinary extent or degree

From this reading We had a taste of the elegant Congreve, and said much of that bouncer of a man Daniel De Foe; the character of this latter we cannot greatly esteem--but when can we cease to admire the talent that gave to us the story of _Robinson Crusoe_?

groupnounUS /ɡruːp/

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading I spoke of the relationship of these two; also had some fore-words about Mary’s sister, the future Queen Anne, and about the death of her boy, the little Duke of Gloucester.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

holdverbUS /hoʊld/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

holdingnounUS /ˈhoʊldɪŋ/

the act of retaining something

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

honorsnounUS /ˈɑːnərz/

plural of “honor” — a tangible symbol signifying approval or distinction

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

humbleadjectiveUS /ˈhʌmbəl/

low or inferior in station or quality

From this reading I had something to say of that easy and artful poet, Matthew Prior, who smartly wrote his way, by judicious panegyrics and well-metred song, from humble station to that of ambassador at the court of France.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I spoke of the relationship of these two; also had some fore-words about Mary’s sister, the future Queen Anne, and about the death of her boy, the little Duke of Gloucester.

ignominiouslyadverb

in a dishonorable manner or to a dishonorable degree

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

IInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

IIInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

JamesnounUS /dʒeɪmz/

a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

judiciousadjectiveUS /dʒuːˈdɪʃəs/

marked by the exercise of good judgment or common sense in practical matters

From this reading I had something to say of that easy and artful poet, Matthew Prior, who smartly wrote his way, by judicious panegyrics and well-metred song, from humble station to that of ambassador at the court of France.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading We had a taste of the elegant Congreve, and said much of that bouncer of a man Daniel De Foe; the character of this latter we cannot greatly esteem--but when can we cease to admire the talent that gave to us the story of _Robinson Crusoe_?

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading I spoke of the relationship of these two; also had some fore-words about Mary’s sister, the future Queen Anne, and about the death of her boy, the little Duke of Gloucester.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading We had a taste of the elegant Congreve, and said much of that bouncer of a man Daniel De Foe; the character of this latter we cannot greatly esteem--but when can we cease to admire the talent that gave to us the story of _Robinson Crusoe_?

MarynounUS /ˈmeri/

the mother of Jesus; Christians refer to her as the Virgin Mary; she is especially honored by Roman Catholics

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

Mary'snounUS /ˈmeriz/

possessive form of “mary” — the mother of Jesus; Christians refer to her as the Virgin Mary; she is especially honored by Roman Catholics

From this reading I spoke of the relationship of these two; also had some fore-words about Mary’s sister, the future Queen Anne, and about the death of her boy, the little Duke of Gloucester.

MatthewnounUS /ˈmæθjuː/

(New Testament) disciple of Jesus; traditionally considered to be the author of the first Gospel

From this reading I had something to say of that easy and artful poet, Matthew Prior, who smartly wrote his way, by judicious panegyrics and well-metred song, from humble station to that of ambassador at the court of France.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading We had a taste of the elegant Congreve, and said much of that bouncer of a man Daniel De Foe; the character of this latter we cannot greatly esteem--but when can we cease to admire the talent that gave to us the story of _Robinson Crusoe_?

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

openingnounUS /ˈoʊpənɪŋ/

an open or empty space in or between things

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

opinionatedadjectiveUS /əˈpɪnjəneɪtɪd/

obstinate in your opinions

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

panegyrics

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I had something to say of that easy and artful poet, Matthew Prior, who smartly wrote his way, by judicious panegyrics and well-metred song, from humble station to that of ambassador at the court of France.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

poetnounUS /ˈpoʊət/

a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading I had something to say of that easy and artful poet, Matthew Prior, who smartly wrote his way, by judicious panegyrics and well-metred song, from humble station to that of ambassador at the court of France.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Then I spoke to you of Sir Richard Steele--poor Steele! poor Prue!

PrioradjectiveUS /ˈpraɪər/

earlier in time

From this reading I had something to say of that easy and artful poet, Matthew Prior, who smartly wrote his way, by judicious panegyrics and well-metred song, from humble station to that of ambassador at the court of France.

Prue

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then I spoke to you of Sir Richard Steele--poor Steele! poor Prue!

QueennounUS /kwiːn/

the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

relationshipnounUS /riˈleɪʃənʃɪp/

a relation between people; (“relationship” is often used where “relation” would serve, as in `the relationship between inflation and unemployment', but the preferred usage of “relationship” is for human relations or states of relatedness)

From this reading I spoke of the relationship of these two; also had some fore-words about Mary’s sister, the future Queen Anne, and about the death of her boy, the little Duke of Gloucester.

Richard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then I spoke to you of Sir Richard Steele--poor Steele! poor Prue!

RobinsonnounUS /ˈrɑːbənsən/

English chemist noted for his studies of molecular structures in plants (1886-1975)

From this reading We had a taste of the elegant Congreve, and said much of that bouncer of a man Daniel De Foe; the character of this latter we cannot greatly esteem--but when can we cease to admire the talent that gave to us the story of _Robinson Crusoe_?

roughadjectiveUS /rʌf/

having or caused by an irregular surface

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

royaladjectiveUS /ˈrɔɪəl/

of or relating to or indicative of or issued or performed by a king or queen or other monarch

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading We had a taste of the elegant Congreve, and said much of that bouncer of a man Daniel De Foe; the character of this latter we cannot greatly esteem--but when can we cease to admire the talent that gave to us the story of _Robinson Crusoe_?

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading I had something to say of that easy and artful poet, Matthew Prior, who smartly wrote his way, by judicious panegyrics and well-metred song, from humble station to that of ambassador at the court of France.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading Then I spoke to you of Sir Richard Steele--poor Steele! poor Prue!

sisternounUS /ˈsɪstər/

a female person who has the same parents as another person

From this reading I spoke of the relationship of these two; also had some fore-words about Mary’s sister, the future Queen Anne, and about the death of her boy, the little Duke of Gloucester.

skirmishnounUS /ˈskɜːrmɪʃ/

a minor short-term fight

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

smartlyadverbUS /ˈsmɑːrtli/

in a clever manner

From this reading I had something to say of that easy and artful poet, Matthew Prior, who smartly wrote his way, by judicious panegyrics and well-metred song, from humble station to that of ambassador at the court of France.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading I spoke of the relationship of these two; also had some fore-words about Mary’s sister, the future Queen Anne, and about the death of her boy, the little Duke of Gloucester.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading I had something to say of that easy and artful poet, Matthew Prior, who smartly wrote his way, by judicious panegyrics and well-metred song, from humble station to that of ambassador at the court of France.

songnounUS /sɔːŋ/

a short musical composition with words

From this reading I had something to say of that easy and artful poet, Matthew Prior, who smartly wrote his way, by judicious panegyrics and well-metred song, from humble station to that of ambassador at the court of France.

spokenounUS /spoʊk/

support consisting of a radial member of a wheel joining the hub to the rim

From this reading I spoke of the relationship of these two; also had some fore-words about Mary’s sister, the future Queen Anne, and about the death of her boy, the little Duke of Gloucester.

stationnounUS /ˈsteɪʃən/

a facility equipped with special equipment and personnel for a particular purpose

From this reading I had something to say of that easy and artful poet, Matthew Prior, who smartly wrote his way, by judicious panegyrics and well-metred song, from humble station to that of ambassador at the court of France.

SteelenounUS /stiːl/

English writer (1672-1729)

From this reading Then I spoke to you of Sir Richard Steele--poor Steele! poor Prue!

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading We had a taste of the elegant Congreve, and said much of that bouncer of a man Daniel De Foe; the character of this latter we cannot greatly esteem--but when can we cease to admire the talent that gave to us the story of _Robinson Crusoe_?

talentnounUS /ˈtælənt/

natural abilities or qualities

From this reading We had a taste of the elegant Congreve, and said much of that bouncer of a man Daniel De Foe; the character of this latter we cannot greatly esteem--but when can we cease to admire the talent that gave to us the story of _Robinson Crusoe_?

talkverbUS /tɔːk/

exchange thoughts; talk with

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

tasteverbUS /teɪst/

To perceive flavor through the mouth.

From this reading We had a taste of the elegant Congreve, and said much of that bouncer of a man Daniel De Foe; the character of this latter we cannot greatly esteem--but when can we cease to admire the talent that gave to us the story of _Robinson Crusoe_?

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Then I spoke to you of Sir Richard Steele--poor Steele! poor Prue!

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading I spoke of the relationship of these two; also had some fore-words about Mary’s sister, the future Queen Anne, and about the death of her boy, the little Duke of Gloucester.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading We had a taste of the elegant Congreve, and said much of that bouncer of a man Daniel De Foe; the character of this latter we cannot greatly esteem--but when can we cease to admire the talent that gave to us the story of _Robinson Crusoe_?

thronenounUS /θroʊn/

the chair of state for a monarch, bishop, etc.

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading I spoke of the relationship of these two; also had some fore-words about Mary’s sister, the future Queen Anne, and about the death of her boy, the little Duke of Gloucester.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading We had a taste of the elegant Congreve, and said much of that bouncer of a man Daniel De Foe; the character of this latter we cannot greatly esteem--but when can we cease to admire the talent that gave to us the story of _Robinson Crusoe_?

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading I had something to say of that easy and artful poet, Matthew Prior, who smartly wrote his way, by judicious panegyrics and well-metred song, from humble station to that of ambassador at the court of France.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

well-metred

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I had something to say of that easy and artful poet, Matthew Prior, who smartly wrote his way, by judicious panegyrics and well-metred song, from humble station to that of ambassador at the court of France.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading We had a taste of the elegant Congreve, and said much of that bouncer of a man Daniel De Foe; the character of this latter we cannot greatly esteem--but when can we cease to admire the talent that gave to us the story of _Robinson Crusoe_?

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading I had something to say of that easy and artful poet, Matthew Prior, who smartly wrote his way, by judicious panegyrics and well-metred song, from humble station to that of ambassador at the court of France.

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading In our last talk we had an opening skirmish with a group of royal people; we saw James II. flitting away ignominiously from a throne he could not fill or hold; we saw that rough fighter, the opinionated William III., coming to his honors--holding hard, and with gauntleted hand, his amiable consort, Queen Mary.

wroteverbUS /roʊt/

inflected form of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading I had something to say of that easy and artful poet, Matthew Prior, who smartly wrote his way, by judicious panegyrics and well-metred song, from humble station to that of ambassador at the court of France.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Then I spoke to you of Sir Richard Steele--poor Steele! poor Prue!

Chapter 8 of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 2 by Donald Grant Mitchell holds 747 sentences, grouped into 150 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 2 contain?

Chapter 8 holds 747 sentences of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 2, unabridged, divided into 150 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 2 by Donald Grant Mitchell exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 747 sentences, grouped into 150 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 2?

Work through the 150 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 150 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 2

Common questions about reading English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 2 by Donald Grant Mitchell on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 2?

Yes. All 2235 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #54142 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 2 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #54142, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 2 take to read?

About 186 minutes of reading across 447 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 2 section by section

How to work through English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 2 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 2 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 2

Words and structures a reader meets early in English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 2, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Outlook
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
To-day
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Threshold
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Seventeenth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.