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English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 4
English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 4

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 4 is here in full — 287 sentences across 58 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 4
Context Illustration Reading 1/57 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.
I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.
Brougham was, first, essayist, then advocate, then Parliamentary orator, then Reformer, then Lord High Chancellor--purging the courts of much legal trumpery--always a scold and quarreller, and gaining in the first year of William IV. his barony of Brougham and Vaux: hence the little squib of verse, which will help to keep his exact title in mind:
Why is Lord Brougham like a sweeping man That close by the pavement walks?
Because when he’s done all the sweep that he can He takes up his _Broom_ and _Valks_!”
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 4

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 4 is here in full — 287 sentences across 58 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/57 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.
Line 2
I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.
Line 3
Brougham was, first, essayist, then advocate, then Parliamentary orator, then Reformer, then Lord High Chancellor--purging the courts of much legal trumpery--always a scold and quarreller, and gaining in the first year of William IV. his barony of Brougham and Vaux: hence the little squib of verse, which will help to keep his exact title in mind:
Line 4
Why is Lord Brougham like a sweeping man That close by the pavement walks?
/waɪ ɪz lɔːrd ˈbruːɡəm laɪk ə ˈswiːpɪŋ mæn ðæt kloʊs baɪ ðə ˈpeɪvmənt wɔːks/
Line 5
Because when he’s done all the sweep that he can He takes up his _Broom_ and _Valks_!”

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

buff noun US /bʌf/

an ardent follower and admirer

From this reading “We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.”

builders noun US /ˈbɪldərz/

plural of “builder” — a substance added to soaps or detergents to increase their cleansing action

From this reading “We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.”

careers noun US /kərˈɪrz/

plural of “career” — the particular occupation for which you are trained

From this reading “I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.”

essayist noun US /ˈeseɪɪst/

a writer of literary works

From this reading “Brougham was, first, essayist, then advocate, then Parliamentary orator, then Reformer, then Lord High Chancellor--purging the courts of much legal trumpery--always a scold and quarreller, and gaining in the first year of William IV. his barony of Brougham and Vaux: hence the little squib of verse, which will help to keep his exact title in mind:”

Firth noun US /fɜːrθ/

English linguist who contributed to linguistic semantics and to prosodic phonology and who was noted for his insistence on studying both sound and meaning in context (1890-1960)

From this reading “We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.”

purging noun US /ˈpɜːrdʒɪŋ/

an act of removing by cleansing; ridding of sediment or other undesired elements

From this reading “Brougham was, first, essayist, then advocate, then Parliamentary orator, then Reformer, then Lord High Chancellor--purging the courts of much legal trumpery--always a scold and quarreller, and gaining in the first year of William IV. his barony of Brougham and Vaux: hence the little squib of verse, which will help to keep his exact title in mind:”

Reformer noun US /rɪˈfɔːrmər/

a disputant who advocates reform

From this reading “Brougham was, first, essayist, then advocate, then Parliamentary orator, then Reformer, then Lord High Chancellor--purging the courts of much legal trumpery--always a scold and quarreller, and gaining in the first year of William IV. his barony of Brougham and Vaux: hence the little squib of verse, which will help to keep his exact title in mind:”

Vaux noun US /vɔːks/

United States landscape architect (born in England) who designed Central Park (1824-1895)

From this reading “Brougham was, first, essayist, then advocate, then Parliamentary orator, then Reformer, then Lord High Chancellor--purging the courts of much legal trumpery--always a scold and quarreller, and gaining in the first year of William IV. his barony of Brougham and Vaux: hence the little squib of verse, which will help to keep his exact title in mind:”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

last chapters adjective + noun counted as “last chapter”

In this reading “We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.”

literary men adjective + noun

In this reading “I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.”

most respected adverb + adjective

In this reading “I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.”

first year adjective + noun

In this reading “Brougham was, first, essayist, then advocate, then Parliamentary orator, then Reformer, then Lord High Chancellor--purging the courts of much legal trumpery--always a scold and quarreller, and gaining in the first year of William IV. his barony of Brougham and Vaux: hence the little squib of verse, which will help to keep his exact title in mind:”

takes up verb + adjective counted as “take up”

pursue or resume

In this reading “Because when he’s done all the sweep that he can He takes up his _Broom_ and _Valks_!””

All words in this reading · 153

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.

advocateverbUS /ˈædvəkət/

push for something

From this reading Brougham was, first, essayist, then advocate, then Parliamentary orator, then Reformer, then Lord High Chancellor--purging the courts of much legal trumpery--always a scold and quarreller, and gaining in the first year of William IV. his barony of Brougham and Vaux: hence the little squib of verse, which will help to keep his exact title in mind:

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Because when he’s done all the sweep that he can He takes up his _Broom_ and _Valks_!”

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading Brougham was, first, essayist, then advocate, then Parliamentary orator, then Reformer, then Lord High Chancellor--purging the courts of much legal trumpery--always a scold and quarreller, and gaining in the first year of William IV. his barony of Brougham and Vaux: hence the little squib of verse, which will help to keep his exact title in mind:

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

baronynoun

the estate of a baron

From this reading Brougham was, first, essayist, then advocate, then Parliamentary orator, then Reformer, then Lord High Chancellor--purging the courts of much legal trumpery--always a scold and quarreller, and gaining in the first year of William IV. his barony of Brougham and Vaux: hence the little squib of verse, which will help to keep his exact title in mind:

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

BecauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading Because when he’s done all the sweep that he can He takes up his _Broom_ and _Valks_!”

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

bishopricnoun

the territorial jurisdiction of a bishop

From this reading I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.

blueadjectiveUS /bluː/

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

BroomnounUS /bruːm/

a cleaning implement for sweeping; bundle of straws or twigs attached to a long handle

From this reading Because when he’s done all the sweep that he can He takes up his _Broom_ and _Valks_!”

BroughamnounUS /ˈbruːɡəm/

light carriage; pulled by a single horse

From this reading I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.

buffnounUS /bʌf/

an ardent follower and admirer

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

buildersnounUS /ˈbɪldərz/

plural of “builder” — a substance added to soaps or detergents to increase their cleansing action

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

Calton

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading Because when he’s done all the sweep that he can He takes up his _Broom_ and _Valks_!”

careersnounUS /kərˈɪrz/

plural of “career” — the particular occupation for which you are trained

From this reading I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.

carriesnounUS /ˈkæriz/

plural of “carry” — the act of carrying something

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

CastlenounUS /ˈkæsəl/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

CathedralnounUS /kəˈθiːdrəl/

any large and important church

From this reading I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.

ChancellornounUS /ˈtʃænsələr/

the British cabinet minister responsible for finance

From this reading Brougham was, first, essayist, then advocate, then Parliamentary orator, then Reformer, then Lord High Chancellor--purging the courts of much legal trumpery--always a scold and quarreller, and gaining in the first year of William IV. his barony of Brougham and Vaux: hence the little squib of verse, which will help to keep his exact title in mind:

chaptersnounUS /ˈtʃæptərz/

plural of “chapter” — a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading “Why is Lord Brougham like a sweeping man That close by the pavement walks?

comingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.

courtsnounUS /kɔːrts/

plural of “court” — an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading Brougham was, first, essayist, then advocate, then Parliamentary orator, then Reformer, then Lord High Chancellor--purging the courts of much legal trumpery--always a scold and quarreller, and gaining in the first year of William IV. his barony of Brougham and Vaux: hence the little squib of verse, which will help to keep his exact title in mind:

cragsnounUS /kræɡz/

plural of “crag” — a steep rugged rock or cliff

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

curacynoun

the position of a curate

From this reading I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.

delightfuladjectiveUS /dɪˈlaɪtfəl/

greatly pleasing or entertaining

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

dominatedadjectiveUS /ˈdɑːməneɪtəd/

controlled or ruled by superior authority or power

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading Because when he’s done all the sweep that he can He takes up his _Broom_ and _Valks_!”

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

essayistnounUS /ˈeseɪɪst/

a writer of literary works

From this reading Brougham was, first, essayist, then advocate, then Parliamentary orator, then Reformer, then Lord High Chancellor--purging the courts of much legal trumpery--always a scold and quarreller, and gaining in the first year of William IV. his barony of Brougham and Vaux: hence the little squib of verse, which will help to keep his exact title in mind:

exactadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzækt/

Strictly particular and correct.

From this reading Brougham was, first, essayist, then advocate, then Parliamentary orator, then Reformer, then Lord High Chancellor--purging the courts of much legal trumpery--always a scold and quarreller, and gaining in the first year of William IV. his barony of Brougham and Vaux: hence the little squib of verse, which will help to keep his exact title in mind:

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.

FirthnounUS /fɜːrθ/

English linguist who contributed to linguistic semantics and to prosodic phonology and who was noted for his insistence on studying both sound and meaning in context (1890-1960)

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

ForthadverbUS /fɔːrθ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.

gainingverbUS /ˈɡeɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “gain” — obtain

From this reading Brougham was, first, essayist, then advocate, then Parliamentary orator, then Reformer, then Lord High Chancellor--purging the courts of much legal trumpery--always a scold and quarreller, and gaining in the first year of William IV. his barony of Brougham and Vaux: hence the little squib of verse, which will help to keep his exact title in mind:

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.

he's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Because when he’s done all the sweep that he can He takes up his _Broom_ and _Valks_!”

heightsnounUS /haɪts/

a high place

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

helpverbUS /help/

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading Brougham was, first, essayist, then advocate, then Parliamentary orator, then Reformer, then Lord High Chancellor--purging the courts of much legal trumpery--always a scold and quarreller, and gaining in the first year of William IV. his barony of Brougham and Vaux: hence the little squib of verse, which will help to keep his exact title in mind:

henceadverbUS /hens/

for this reason

From this reading Brougham was, first, essayist, then advocate, then Parliamentary orator, then Reformer, then Lord High Chancellor--purging the courts of much legal trumpery--always a scold and quarreller, and gaining in the first year of William IV. his barony of Brougham and Vaux: hence the little squib of verse, which will help to keep his exact title in mind:

HighadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Brougham was, first, essayist, then advocate, then Parliamentary orator, then Reformer, then Lord High Chancellor--purging the courts of much legal trumpery--always a scold and quarreller, and gaining in the first year of William IV. his barony of Brougham and Vaux: hence the little squib of verse, which will help to keep his exact title in mind:

HillnounUS /hɪl/

a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

HillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.

humbleadjectiveUS /ˈhʌmbəl/

low or inferior in station or quality

From this reading I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

IVnoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading Brougham was, first, essayist, then advocate, then Parliamentary orator, then Reformer, then Lord High Chancellor--purging the courts of much legal trumpery--always a scold and quarreller, and gaining in the first year of William IV. his barony of Brougham and Vaux: hence the little squib of verse, which will help to keep his exact title in mind:

Jeffrey

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.

JudgeverbUS /dʒʌdʒ/

determine the result of (a competition)

From this reading I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading Brougham was, first, essayist, then advocate, then Parliamentary orator, then Reformer, then Lord High Chancellor--purging the courts of much legal trumpery--always a scold and quarreller, and gaining in the first year of William IV. his barony of Brougham and Vaux: hence the little squib of verse, which will help to keep his exact title in mind:

Lammermuir

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

landsnounUS /lændz/

plural of “land” — the land on which real estate is located

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

legaladjectiveUS /ˈliːɡəl/

established by or founded upon law or official or accepted rules

From this reading Brougham was, first, essayist, then advocate, then Parliamentary orator, then Reformer, then Lord High Chancellor--purging the courts of much legal trumpery--always a scold and quarreller, and gaining in the first year of William IV. his barony of Brougham and Vaux: hence the little squib of verse, which will help to keep his exact title in mind:

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.

lesseradjectiveUS /ˈlesər/

of less size or importance

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading “Why is Lord Brougham like a sweeping man That close by the pavement walks?

literaryadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəreri/

of or relating to or characteristic of literature

From this reading I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Brougham was, first, essayist, then advocate, then Parliamentary orator, then Reformer, then Lord High Chancellor--purging the courts of much legal trumpery--always a scold and quarreller, and gaining in the first year of William IV. his barony of Brougham and Vaux: hence the little squib of verse, which will help to keep his exact title in mind:

livelyadjectiveUS /ˈlaɪvli/

full of life and energy

From this reading I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.

liverynounUS /ˈlɪvəri/

uniform worn by some menservants and chauffeurs

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

LordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.

lyingnounUS /ˈlaɪɪŋ/

the deliberate act of deviating from the truth

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading “Why is Lord Brougham like a sweeping man That close by the pavement walks?

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading Brougham was, first, essayist, then advocate, then Parliamentary orator, then Reformer, then Lord High Chancellor--purging the courts of much legal trumpery--always a scold and quarreller, and gaining in the first year of William IV. his barony of Brougham and Vaux: hence the little squib of verse, which will help to keep his exact title in mind:

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

northnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

officialadjectiveUS /əˈfɪʃəl/

having official authority or sanction

From this reading I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.

oratornounUS /ˈɔːrətər/

a person who delivers a speech or oration

From this reading Brougham was, first, essayist, then advocate, then Parliamentary orator, then Reformer, then Lord High Chancellor--purging the courts of much legal trumpery--always a scold and quarreller, and gaining in the first year of William IV. his barony of Brougham and Vaux: hence the little squib of verse, which will help to keep his exact title in mind:

originaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

ParliamentaryadjectiveUS /ˌpɑːrləˈmentəri/

relating to or having the nature of a parliament

From this reading Brougham was, first, essayist, then advocate, then Parliamentary orator, then Reformer, then Lord High Chancellor--purging the courts of much legal trumpery--always a scold and quarreller, and gaining in the first year of William IV. his barony of Brougham and Vaux: hence the little squib of verse, which will help to keep his exact title in mind:

Paul'snounUS /pɔːlz/

possessive form of “paul” — United States feminist (1885-1977)

From this reading I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.

pavementnounUS /ˈpeɪvmənt/

the paved surface of a thoroughfare

From this reading “Why is Lord Brougham like a sweeping man That close by the pavement walks?

Pentland

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

pleasantadjectiveUS /ˈplezənt/

affording pleasure; being in harmony with your taste or likings

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

purgingnounUS /ˈpɜːrdʒɪŋ/

an act of removing by cleansing; ridding of sediment or other undesired elements

From this reading Brougham was, first, essayist, then advocate, then Parliamentary orator, then Reformer, then Lord High Chancellor--purging the courts of much legal trumpery--always a scold and quarreller, and gaining in the first year of William IV. his barony of Brougham and Vaux: hence the little squib of verse, which will help to keep his exact title in mind:

quarrellernoun

a disputant who quarrels

From this reading Brougham was, first, essayist, then advocate, then Parliamentary orator, then Reformer, then Lord High Chancellor--purging the courts of much legal trumpery--always a scold and quarreller, and gaining in the first year of William IV. his barony of Brougham and Vaux: hence the little squib of verse, which will help to keep his exact title in mind:

reckonedverbUS /ˈrekənd/

past form of “reckon” — expect, believe, or suppose

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

ReformernounUS /rɪˈfɔːrmər/

a disputant who advocates reform

From this reading Brougham was, first, essayist, then advocate, then Parliamentary orator, then Reformer, then Lord High Chancellor--purging the courts of much legal trumpery--always a scold and quarreller, and gaining in the first year of William IV. his barony of Brougham and Vaux: hence the little squib of verse, which will help to keep his exact title in mind:

regionnounUS /ˈriːdʒən/

the extended spatial location of something

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

respectedadjectiveUS /rɪˈspektɪd/

receiving deferential regard

From this reading I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.

ReviewnounUS /ˌriːˈvjuː/

a new appraisal or evaluation

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

risenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪzən/

(of e.g. celestial bodies) above the horizon

From this reading I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.

RocknounUS /rɑːk/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

SalisburynounUS /ˈsælzbəri/

the capital and largest city of Zimbabwe

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

scoldverbUS /skoʊld/

censure severely or angrily

From this reading Brougham was, first, essayist, then advocate, then Parliamentary orator, then Reformer, then Lord High Chancellor--purging the courts of much legal trumpery--always a scold and quarreller, and gaining in the first year of William IV. his barony of Brougham and Vaux: hence the little squib of verse, which will help to keep his exact title in mind:

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.

SmithnounUS /smɪθ/

Rhodesian statesman who declared independence of Zimbabwe from Great Britain (born in 1919)

From this reading I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.

squibnoun

firework consisting of a tube filled with powder (as a broken firecracker) that burns with a fizzing noise

From this reading Brougham was, first, essayist, then advocate, then Parliamentary orator, then Reformer, then Lord High Chancellor--purging the courts of much legal trumpery--always a scold and quarreller, and gaining in the first year of William IV. his barony of Brougham and Vaux: hence the little squib of verse, which will help to keep his exact title in mind:

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

strictlyadverbUS /ˈstrɪktli/

restricted to something

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

sweepverbUS /swiːp/

sweep across or over

From this reading Because when he’s done all the sweep that he can He takes up his _Broom_ and _Valks_!”

sweepingadjectiveUS /ˈswiːpɪŋ/

taking in or moving over (or as if over) a wide area; often used in combination

From this reading “Why is Lord Brougham like a sweeping man That close by the pavement walks?

SydneynounUS /ˈsɪdni/

the largest Australian city located in southeastern Australia on the Tasman Sea; state capital of New South Wales; Australia's chief port

From this reading I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.

takesnounUS /teɪks/

plural of “take” — the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property

From this reading Because when he’s done all the sweep that he can He takes up his _Broom_ and _Valks_!”

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Brougham was, first, essayist, then advocate, then Parliamentary orator, then Reformer, then Lord High Chancellor--purging the courts of much legal trumpery--always a scold and quarreller, and gaining in the first year of William IV. his barony of Brougham and Vaux: hence the little squib of verse, which will help to keep his exact title in mind:

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.

titlenounUS /ˈtaɪtəl/

a heading that names a statute or legislative bill; may give a brief summary of the matters it deals with

From this reading Brougham was, first, essayist, then advocate, then Parliamentary orator, then Reformer, then Lord High Chancellor--purging the courts of much legal trumpery--always a scold and quarreller, and gaining in the first year of William IV. his barony of Brougham and Vaux: hence the little squib of verse, which will help to keep his exact title in mind:

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.

tracedverbUS /treɪst/

past form of “trace” — follow, discover, or ascertain the course of development of something

From this reading I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.

trumperynoun

nonsensical talk or writing

From this reading Brougham was, first, essayist, then advocate, then Parliamentary orator, then Reformer, then Lord High Chancellor--purging the courts of much legal trumpery--always a scold and quarreller, and gaining in the first year of William IV. his barony of Brougham and Vaux: hence the little squib of verse, which will help to keep his exact title in mind:

TweednounUS /twiːd/

thick woolen fabric used for clothing; originated in Scotland

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Because when he’s done all the sweep that he can He takes up his _Broom_ and _Valks_!”

Valks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Because when he’s done all the sweep that he can He takes up his _Broom_ and _Valks_!”

VauxnounUS /vɔːks/

United States landscape architect (born in England) who designed Central Park (1824-1895)

From this reading Brougham was, first, essayist, then advocate, then Parliamentary orator, then Reformer, then Lord High Chancellor--purging the courts of much legal trumpery--always a scold and quarreller, and gaining in the first year of William IV. his barony of Brougham and Vaux: hence the little squib of verse, which will help to keep his exact title in mind:

versenounUS /vɜːrs/

literature in metrical form

From this reading Brougham was, first, essayist, then advocate, then Parliamentary orator, then Reformer, then Lord High Chancellor--purging the courts of much legal trumpery--always a scold and quarreller, and gaining in the first year of William IV. his barony of Brougham and Vaux: hence the little squib of verse, which will help to keep his exact title in mind:

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.

walksnounUS /wɔːks/

plural of “walk” — the act of traveling by foot

From this reading “Why is Lord Brougham like a sweeping man That close by the pavement walks?

wanderedverbUS /ˈwɑːndərd/

past form of “wander” — move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Because when he’s done all the sweep that he can He takes up his _Broom_ and _Valks_!”

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading We have wandered much in our two last chapters beyond what may be reckoned strictly English lands, into that pleasant region lying between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth; and it was north of the heights of Lammermuir and of the Pentland Hills, and in that delightful old city which is dominated by the lesser heights of the Salisbury crags, the Castle Rock, and Calton Hill, that we found the builders of that great _Review_, which in its livery of buff and blue still carries its original name.

WhynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading “Why is Lord Brougham like a sweeping man That close by the pavement walks?

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Brougham was, first, essayist, then advocate, then Parliamentary orator, then Reformer, then Lord High Chancellor--purging the courts of much legal trumpery--always a scold and quarreller, and gaining in the first year of William IV. his barony of Brougham and Vaux: hence the little squib of verse, which will help to keep his exact title in mind:

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Brougham was, first, essayist, then advocate, then Parliamentary orator, then Reformer, then Lord High Chancellor--purging the courts of much legal trumpery--always a scold and quarreller, and gaining in the first year of William IV. his barony of Brougham and Vaux: hence the little squib of verse, which will help to keep his exact title in mind:

witnounUS /wɪt/

a message whose ingenuity or verbal skill or incongruity has the power to evoke laughter

From this reading I traced the several careers of Sydney Smith, Lord Brougham, and Judge Jeffrey; the first of these, from a humble village curacy, coming to be one of the most respected literary men of England, and an important official of St. Paul’s Cathedral; if his wit had been less lively he might have risen to a bishopric.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading Brougham was, first, essayist, then advocate, then Parliamentary orator, then Reformer, then Lord High Chancellor--purging the courts of much legal trumpery--always a scold and quarreller, and gaining in the first year of William IV. his barony of Brougham and Vaux: hence the little squib of verse, which will help to keep his exact title in mind:

Chapter 5 of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 4 by Donald Grant Mitchell holds 287 sentences, grouped into 58 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 4 contain?

Chapter 5 holds 287 sentences of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 4, unabridged, divided into 58 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 4 by Donald Grant Mitchell exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 287 sentences, grouped into 58 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 4?

Work through the 58 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 58 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 5 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 4

Common questions about reading English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 4 by Donald Grant Mitchell on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 4?

Yes. All 1991 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #54143 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 4 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #54143, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 4 take to read?

About 165 minutes of reading across 399 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 4 section by section

How to work through English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 4 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 4 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 4

Words and structures a reader meets early in English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 4, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Https
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 4; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Elizabeth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 4; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Queen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 4; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Georges
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Lands, Letters and Kings, Vol. 4; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.