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English literary criticism
English literary criticism

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of English literary criticism is here in full — 412 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for English literary criticism
Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
E-book produced by Beth Constantine, Juliet Sutherland, Charles Franks and the Edited by C H. HERFORD, Litt.
D PREFACE.
In the following pages my aim has been to sketch the development of criticism, and particularly of critical method, in England; and to illustrate each phase of its growth by one or two samples taken from the most typical writers.
I have in no way attempted to make a full collection of what might be thought the most striking pieces of criticism to be found in our literature.
Owing to the great wealth of such writing produced during the last sixty years, it is clearly impossible to give so complete a picture of what has been done in this period as in others.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

English literary criticism

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of English literary criticism is here in full — 412 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
E-book produced by Beth Constantine, Juliet Sutherland, Charles Franks and the Edited by C H. HERFORD, Litt.
Line 2
D PREFACE.
/diː ˈprefəs/
Line 3
In the following pages my aim has been to sketch the development of criticism, and particularly of critical method, in England; and to illustrate each phase of its growth by one or two samples taken from the most typical writers.
/ɪn ðə ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ ˈpeɪdʒəz maɪ eɪm hæz bɪn tuː sketʃ ðə dɪˈveləpmənt ʌv ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm ənd ˌpɑːrˈtɪkjələrli ʌv ˈkrɪtɪkəl ˈmeθəd ɪn ˈɪŋɡlənd ənd tuː ˈɪləstreɪt iːtʃ feɪz ʌv ɪts ɡroʊθ baɪ wʌn ɔːr tuː ˈsæmpəlz ˈteɪkən frʌm ðə moʊst ˈtɪpəkəl ˈraɪtərz/
Line 4
I have in no way attempted to make a full collection of what might be thought the most striking pieces of criticism to be found in our literature.
/aɪ hæv ɪn noʊ weɪ əˈtemptɪd tuː meɪk ə fʊl kəˈlekʃən ʌv wʌt maɪt biː θɔːt ðə moʊst ˈstraɪkɪŋ ˈpiːsəz ʌv ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm tuː biː faʊnd ɪn ˈaʊər ˈlɪtərətʃər/
Line 5
Owing to the great wealth of such writing produced during the last sixty years, it is clearly impossible to give so complete a picture of what has been done in this period as in others.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Beth noun US /beθ/

the 2nd letter of the Hebrew alphabet

From this reading “E-book produced by Beth Constantine, Juliet Sutherland, Charles Franks and the Edited by C H. HERFORD, Litt.”

Constantine noun US /ˈkɑːnstəntiːn/

Emperor of Rome who stopped the persecution of Christians and in 324 made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire; in 330 he moved his capital from Rome to Byzantium and renamed it Constantinople (280-337)

From this reading “E-book produced by Beth Constantine, Juliet Sutherland, Charles Franks and the Edited by C H. HERFORD, Litt.”

Edited adjective US /ˈedətəd/

improved or corrected by critical editing

From this reading “E-book produced by Beth Constantine, Juliet Sutherland, Charles Franks and the Edited by C H. HERFORD, Litt.”

Franks noun US /fræŋks/

plural of “frank” — a member of the ancient Germanic peoples who spread from the Rhine into the Roman Empire in the 4th century

From this reading “E-book produced by Beth Constantine, Juliet Sutherland, Charles Franks and the Edited by C H. HERFORD, Litt.”

illustrate verb US /ˈɪləstreɪt/

clarify by giving an example of

From this reading “In the following pages my aim has been to sketch the development of criticism, and particularly of critical method, in England; and to illustrate each phase of its growth by one or two samples taken from the most typical writers.”

samples noun US /ˈsæmpəlz/

plural of “sample” — a small part of something intended as representative of the whole

From this reading “In the following pages my aim has been to sketch the development of criticism, and particularly of critical method, in England; and to illustrate each phase of its growth by one or two samples taken from the most typical writers.”

Sutherland noun US /ˈsʌðərlənd/

Australian operatic soprano (born in 1926)

From this reading “E-book produced by Beth Constantine, Juliet Sutherland, Charles Franks and the Edited by C H. HERFORD, Litt.”

typical adjective US /ˈtɪpəkəl/

exhibiting the qualities or characteristics that identify a group or kind or category

From this reading “In the following pages my aim has been to sketch the development of criticism, and particularly of critical method, in England; and to illustrate each phase of its growth by one or two samples taken from the most typical writers.”

All words in this reading · 88

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I have in no way attempted to make a full collection of what might be thought the most striking pieces of criticism to be found in our literature.

aimverbUS /eɪm/

point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards

From this reading In the following pages my aim has been to sketch the development of criticism, and particularly of critical method, in England; and to illustrate each phase of its growth by one or two samples taken from the most typical writers.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading E-book produced by Beth Constantine, Juliet Sutherland, Charles Franks and the Edited by C H. HERFORD, Litt.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Owing to the great wealth of such writing produced during the last sixty years, it is clearly impossible to give so complete a picture of what has been done in this period as in others.

attemptedadjectiveUS /əˈtemptɪd/

tried unsuccessfully

From this reading I have in no way attempted to make a full collection of what might be thought the most striking pieces of criticism to be found in our literature.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading I have in no way attempted to make a full collection of what might be thought the most striking pieces of criticism to be found in our literature.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading In the following pages my aim has been to sketch the development of criticism, and particularly of critical method, in England; and to illustrate each phase of its growth by one or two samples taken from the most typical writers.

BethnounUS /beθ/

the 2nd letter of the Hebrew alphabet

From this reading E-book produced by Beth Constantine, Juliet Sutherland, Charles Franks and the Edited by C H. HERFORD, Litt.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading E-book produced by Beth Constantine, Juliet Sutherland, Charles Franks and the Edited by C H. HERFORD, Litt.

CnounUS /siː/

a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature

From this reading E-book produced by Beth Constantine, Juliet Sutherland, Charles Franks and the Edited by C H. HERFORD, Litt.

CharlesnounUS /tʃɑːrlz/

King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574)

From this reading E-book produced by Beth Constantine, Juliet Sutherland, Charles Franks and the Edited by C H. HERFORD, Litt.

clearlyadverbUS /ˈklɪrli/

without doubt or question

From this reading Owing to the great wealth of such writing produced during the last sixty years, it is clearly impossible to give so complete a picture of what has been done in this period as in others.

collectionnounUS /kəˈlekʃən/

several things grouped together or considered as a whole

From this reading I have in no way attempted to make a full collection of what might be thought the most striking pieces of criticism to be found in our literature.

completeverbUS /kəmˈpliːt/

come or bring to a finish or an end

From this reading Owing to the great wealth of such writing produced during the last sixty years, it is clearly impossible to give so complete a picture of what has been done in this period as in others.

ConstantinenounUS /ˈkɑːnstəntiːn/

Emperor of Rome who stopped the persecution of Christians and in 324 made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire; in 330 he moved his capital from Rome to Byzantium and renamed it Constantinople (280-337)

From this reading E-book produced by Beth Constantine, Juliet Sutherland, Charles Franks and the Edited by C H. HERFORD, Litt.

criticaladjectiveUS /ˈkrɪtɪkəl/

marked by a tendency to find and call attention to errors and flaws

From this reading In the following pages my aim has been to sketch the development of criticism, and particularly of critical method, in England; and to illustrate each phase of its growth by one or two samples taken from the most typical writers.

criticismnounUS /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm/

disapproval expressed by pointing out faults or shortcomings

From this reading In the following pages my aim has been to sketch the development of criticism, and particularly of critical method, in England; and to illustrate each phase of its growth by one or two samples taken from the most typical writers.

DnounUS /diː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that prevents rickets

From this reading D PREFACE.

developmentnounUS /dɪˈveləpmənt/

act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading In the following pages my aim has been to sketch the development of criticism, and particularly of critical method, in England; and to illustrate each phase of its growth by one or two samples taken from the most typical writers.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading Owing to the great wealth of such writing produced during the last sixty years, it is clearly impossible to give so complete a picture of what has been done in this period as in others.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading Owing to the great wealth of such writing produced during the last sixty years, it is clearly impossible to give so complete a picture of what has been done in this period as in others.

E-book

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading E-book produced by Beth Constantine, Juliet Sutherland, Charles Franks and the Edited by C H. HERFORD, Litt.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading In the following pages my aim has been to sketch the development of criticism, and particularly of critical method, in England; and to illustrate each phase of its growth by one or two samples taken from the most typical writers.

EditedadjectiveUS /ˈedətəd/

improved or corrected by critical editing

From this reading E-book produced by Beth Constantine, Juliet Sutherland, Charles Franks and the Edited by C H. HERFORD, Litt.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading In the following pages my aim has been to sketch the development of criticism, and particularly of critical method, in England; and to illustrate each phase of its growth by one or two samples taken from the most typical writers.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading In the following pages my aim has been to sketch the development of criticism, and particularly of critical method, in England; and to illustrate each phase of its growth by one or two samples taken from the most typical writers.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading I have in no way attempted to make a full collection of what might be thought the most striking pieces of criticism to be found in our literature.

FranksnounUS /fræŋks/

plural of “frank” — a member of the ancient Germanic peoples who spread from the Rhine into the Roman Empire in the 4th century

From this reading E-book produced by Beth Constantine, Juliet Sutherland, Charles Franks and the Edited by C H. HERFORD, Litt.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading In the following pages my aim has been to sketch the development of criticism, and particularly of critical method, in England; and to illustrate each phase of its growth by one or two samples taken from the most typical writers.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading I have in no way attempted to make a full collection of what might be thought the most striking pieces of criticism to be found in our literature.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Owing to the great wealth of such writing produced during the last sixty years, it is clearly impossible to give so complete a picture of what has been done in this period as in others.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Owing to the great wealth of such writing produced during the last sixty years, it is clearly impossible to give so complete a picture of what has been done in this period as in others.

growthnounUS /ɡroʊθ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading In the following pages my aim has been to sketch the development of criticism, and particularly of critical method, in England; and to illustrate each phase of its growth by one or two samples taken from the most typical writers.

HnounUS /eɪtʃ/

a nonmetallic univalent element that is normally a colorless and odorless highly flammable diatomic gas; the simplest and lightest and most abundant element in the universe

From this reading E-book produced by Beth Constantine, Juliet Sutherland, Charles Franks and the Edited by C H. HERFORD, Litt.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In the following pages my aim has been to sketch the development of criticism, and particularly of critical method, in England; and to illustrate each phase of its growth by one or two samples taken from the most typical writers.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I have in no way attempted to make a full collection of what might be thought the most striking pieces of criticism to be found in our literature.

HERFORD

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading E-book produced by Beth Constantine, Juliet Sutherland, Charles Franks and the Edited by C H. HERFORD, Litt.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I have in no way attempted to make a full collection of what might be thought the most striking pieces of criticism to be found in our literature.

illustrateverbUS /ˈɪləstreɪt/

clarify by giving an example of

From this reading In the following pages my aim has been to sketch the development of criticism, and particularly of critical method, in England; and to illustrate each phase of its growth by one or two samples taken from the most typical writers.

impossibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɑːsəbəl/

not capable of occurring or being accomplished or dealt with

From this reading Owing to the great wealth of such writing produced during the last sixty years, it is clearly impossible to give so complete a picture of what has been done in this period as in others.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the following pages my aim has been to sketch the development of criticism, and particularly of critical method, in England; and to illustrate each phase of its growth by one or two samples taken from the most typical writers.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Owing to the great wealth of such writing produced during the last sixty years, it is clearly impossible to give so complete a picture of what has been done in this period as in others.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Owing to the great wealth of such writing produced during the last sixty years, it is clearly impossible to give so complete a picture of what has been done in this period as in others.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading In the following pages my aim has been to sketch the development of criticism, and particularly of critical method, in England; and to illustrate each phase of its growth by one or two samples taken from the most typical writers.

Juliet

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading E-book produced by Beth Constantine, Juliet Sutherland, Charles Franks and the Edited by C H. HERFORD, Litt.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading Owing to the great wealth of such writing produced during the last sixty years, it is clearly impossible to give so complete a picture of what has been done in this period as in others.

literaturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading I have in no way attempted to make a full collection of what might be thought the most striking pieces of criticism to be found in our literature.

Litt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading E-book produced by Beth Constantine, Juliet Sutherland, Charles Franks and the Edited by C H. HERFORD, Litt.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading I have in no way attempted to make a full collection of what might be thought the most striking pieces of criticism to be found in our literature.

methodnounUS /ˈmeθəd/

a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)

From this reading In the following pages my aim has been to sketch the development of criticism, and particularly of critical method, in England; and to illustrate each phase of its growth by one or two samples taken from the most typical writers.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading I have in no way attempted to make a full collection of what might be thought the most striking pieces of criticism to be found in our literature.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading In the following pages my aim has been to sketch the development of criticism, and particularly of critical method, in England; and to illustrate each phase of its growth by one or two samples taken from the most typical writers.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading In the following pages my aim has been to sketch the development of criticism, and particularly of critical method, in England; and to illustrate each phase of its growth by one or two samples taken from the most typical writers.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading I have in no way attempted to make a full collection of what might be thought the most striking pieces of criticism to be found in our literature.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In the following pages my aim has been to sketch the development of criticism, and particularly of critical method, in England; and to illustrate each phase of its growth by one or two samples taken from the most typical writers.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading In the following pages my aim has been to sketch the development of criticism, and particularly of critical method, in England; and to illustrate each phase of its growth by one or two samples taken from the most typical writers.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading In the following pages my aim has been to sketch the development of criticism, and particularly of critical method, in England; and to illustrate each phase of its growth by one or two samples taken from the most typical writers.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Owing to the great wealth of such writing produced during the last sixty years, it is clearly impossible to give so complete a picture of what has been done in this period as in others.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading I have in no way attempted to make a full collection of what might be thought the most striking pieces of criticism to be found in our literature.

OwingadjectiveUS /ˈoʊɪŋ/

owed as a debt

From this reading Owing to the great wealth of such writing produced during the last sixty years, it is clearly impossible to give so complete a picture of what has been done in this period as in others.

pagesnounUS /ˈpeɪdʒəz/

plural of “page” — one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains

From this reading In the following pages my aim has been to sketch the development of criticism, and particularly of critical method, in England; and to illustrate each phase of its growth by one or two samples taken from the most typical writers.

particularlyadverbUS /ˌpɑːrˈtɪkjələrli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading In the following pages my aim has been to sketch the development of criticism, and particularly of critical method, in England; and to illustrate each phase of its growth by one or two samples taken from the most typical writers.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading Owing to the great wealth of such writing produced during the last sixty years, it is clearly impossible to give so complete a picture of what has been done in this period as in others.

phasenounUS /feɪz/

any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading In the following pages my aim has been to sketch the development of criticism, and particularly of critical method, in England; and to illustrate each phase of its growth by one or two samples taken from the most typical writers.

picturenounUS /ˈpɪktʃər/

a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface

From this reading Owing to the great wealth of such writing produced during the last sixty years, it is clearly impossible to give so complete a picture of what has been done in this period as in others.

piecesnounUS /ˈpiːsəz/

plural of “piece” — a separate part of a whole

From this reading I have in no way attempted to make a full collection of what might be thought the most striking pieces of criticism to be found in our literature.

PREFACEnounUS /ˈprefəs/

a short introductory essay preceding the text of a book

From this reading D PREFACE.

producedverbUS /prəˈduːst/

past form of “produce” — bring forth or yield

From this reading E-book produced by Beth Constantine, Juliet Sutherland, Charles Franks and the Edited by C H. HERFORD, Litt.

samplesnounUS /ˈsæmpəlz/

plural of “sample” — a small part of something intended as representative of the whole

From this reading In the following pages my aim has been to sketch the development of criticism, and particularly of critical method, in England; and to illustrate each phase of its growth by one or two samples taken from the most typical writers.

sixtyadjectiveUS /ˈsɪksti/

being ten more than fifty

From this reading Owing to the great wealth of such writing produced during the last sixty years, it is clearly impossible to give so complete a picture of what has been done in this period as in others.

sketchnounUS /sketʃ/

preliminary drawing for later elaboration

From this reading In the following pages my aim has been to sketch the development of criticism, and particularly of critical method, in England; and to illustrate each phase of its growth by one or two samples taken from the most typical writers.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Owing to the great wealth of such writing produced during the last sixty years, it is clearly impossible to give so complete a picture of what has been done in this period as in others.

strikingadjectiveUS /ˈstraɪkɪŋ/

sensational in appearance or thrilling in effect

From this reading I have in no way attempted to make a full collection of what might be thought the most striking pieces of criticism to be found in our literature.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Owing to the great wealth of such writing produced during the last sixty years, it is clearly impossible to give so complete a picture of what has been done in this period as in others.

SutherlandnounUS /ˈsʌðərlənd/

Australian operatic soprano (born in 1926)

From this reading E-book produced by Beth Constantine, Juliet Sutherland, Charles Franks and the Edited by C H. HERFORD, Litt.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading In the following pages my aim has been to sketch the development of criticism, and particularly of critical method, in England; and to illustrate each phase of its growth by one or two samples taken from the most typical writers.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading E-book produced by Beth Constantine, Juliet Sutherland, Charles Franks and the Edited by C H. HERFORD, Litt.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Owing to the great wealth of such writing produced during the last sixty years, it is clearly impossible to give so complete a picture of what has been done in this period as in others.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading I have in no way attempted to make a full collection of what might be thought the most striking pieces of criticism to be found in our literature.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In the following pages my aim has been to sketch the development of criticism, and particularly of critical method, in England; and to illustrate each phase of its growth by one or two samples taken from the most typical writers.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading In the following pages my aim has been to sketch the development of criticism, and particularly of critical method, in England; and to illustrate each phase of its growth by one or two samples taken from the most typical writers.

typicaladjectiveUS /ˈtɪpəkəl/

exhibiting the qualities or characteristics that identify a group or kind or category

From this reading In the following pages my aim has been to sketch the development of criticism, and particularly of critical method, in England; and to illustrate each phase of its growth by one or two samples taken from the most typical writers.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading I have in no way attempted to make a full collection of what might be thought the most striking pieces of criticism to be found in our literature.

wealthnounUS /welθ/

the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money

From this reading Owing to the great wealth of such writing produced during the last sixty years, it is clearly impossible to give so complete a picture of what has been done in this period as in others.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading I have in no way attempted to make a full collection of what might be thought the most striking pieces of criticism to be found in our literature.

writersnounUS /ˈraɪtərz/

plural of “writer” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading In the following pages my aim has been to sketch the development of criticism, and particularly of critical method, in England; and to illustrate each phase of its growth by one or two samples taken from the most typical writers.

writingnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋ/

the act of creating written works

From this reading Owing to the great wealth of such writing produced during the last sixty years, it is clearly impossible to give so complete a picture of what has been done in this period as in others.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Owing to the great wealth of such writing produced during the last sixty years, it is clearly impossible to give so complete a picture of what has been done in this period as in others.

Chapter 1 of English literary criticism by Charles Edwyn Vaughan holds 412 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of English literary criticism contain?

Chapter 1 holds 412 sentences of English literary criticism, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of English literary criticism by Charles Edwyn Vaughan exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 412 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of English literary criticism?

Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading English literary criticism

Common questions about reading English literary criticism by Charles Edwyn Vaughan on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of English literary criticism?

Yes. All 3240 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #6320 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of English literary criticism is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #6320, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does English literary criticism take to read?

About 270 minutes of reading across 648 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read English literary criticism section by section

How to work through English literary criticism section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of English literary criticism to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in English literary criticism

Words and structures a reader meets early in English literary criticism, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

E-book
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English literary criticism; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Produced
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English literary criticism; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Constantine
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English literary criticism; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Juliet
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English literary criticism; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.