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English literary criticism
English literary criticism

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of English literary criticism is here in full — 410 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
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The reaction against rhyme was not confined to the drama.
The epic, indeed--or what in those days passed for such--can hardly be said to have come within its scope.
In the _Essay of Dramatic Poesy_ Dryden--and this is one of the few judgments in which Howard heartily agrees with him--had denounced rhyme as "too low for a poem"; [Footnote: _English Garner_, iii. p.
567.] by which, as the context shows, is meant an epic.
This was written the very year in which _Paradise Lost_, with its laconic sneer at rhyme as a device "to set off wretched matter and lame metre", was given to the world.
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

English literary criticism

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of English literary criticism is here in full — 410 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The reaction against rhyme was not confined to the drama.
/ðə riˈækʃən əˈɡenst raɪm wɑːz nɑːt kənˈfaɪnd tuː ðə ˈdrɑːmə/
Line 2
The epic, indeed--or what in those days passed for such--can hardly be said to have come within its scope.
Line 3
In the _Essay of Dramatic Poesy_ Dryden--and this is one of the few judgments in which Howard heartily agrees with him--had denounced rhyme as "too low for a poem"; [Footnote: _English Garner_, iii. p.
Line 4
567.] by which, as the context shows, is meant an epic.
Line 5
This was written the very year in which _Paradise Lost_, with its laconic sneer at rhyme as a device "to set off wretched matter and lame metre", was given to the world.
/ðɪs wɑːz ˈrɪtən ðə ˈveri jɪr ɪn wɪtʃ ˈperədaɪs lɔːst wɪð ɪts lɑːˈkɑːnɪk snɪr æt raɪm æz ə dɪˈvaɪs tuː set ɔːf ˈretʃɪd ˈmætər ənd leɪm ˈmiːtər wɑːz ˈɡɪvən tuː ðə wɜːrld/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

agrees verb US /əˈɡriːz/

third-person singular of “agree” — be in accord; be in agreement

From this reading “In the _Essay of Dramatic Poesy_ Dryden--and this is one of the few judgments in which Howard heartily agrees with him--had denounced rhyme as "too low for a poem"; [Footnote: _English Garner_, iii. p.”

context noun US /ˈkɑːntekst/

discourse that surrounds a language unit and helps to determine its interpretation

From this reading “567.] by which, as the context shows, is meant an epic.”

denounced verb US /dɪˈnaʊnst/

past form of “denounce” — speak out against

From this reading “In the _Essay of Dramatic Poesy_ Dryden--and this is one of the few judgments in which Howard heartily agrees with him--had denounced rhyme as "too low for a poem"; [Footnote: _English Garner_, iii. p.”

Dryden noun US /ˈdraɪdən/

the outstanding poet and dramatist of the Restoration (1631-1700)

From this reading “In the _Essay of Dramatic Poesy_ Dryden--and this is one of the few judgments in which Howard heartily agrees with him--had denounced rhyme as "too low for a poem"; [Footnote: _English Garner_, iii. p.”

epic adjective US /ˈepɪk/

very imposing or impressive; surpassing the ordinary (especially in size or scale)

From this reading “The epic, indeed--or what in those days passed for such--can hardly be said to have come within its scope.”

Garner verb US /ˈɡɑːrnər/

acquire or deserve by one's efforts or actions

laconic adjective US /lɑːˈkɑːnɪk/

brief and to the point; effectively cut short

From this reading “This was written the very year in which _Paradise Lost_, with its laconic sneer at rhyme as a device "to set off wretched matter and lame metre", was given to the world.”

metre noun US /ˈmiːtər/

the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading “This was written the very year in which _Paradise Lost_, with its laconic sneer at rhyme as a device "to set off wretched matter and lame metre", was given to the world.”

All words in this reading · 80

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

567

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 567.] by which, as the context shows, is meant an epic.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In the _Essay of Dramatic Poesy_ Dryden--and this is one of the few judgments in which Howard heartily agrees with him--had denounced rhyme as "too low for a poem"; [Footnote: _English Garner_, iii. p.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading The reaction against rhyme was not confined to the drama.

agreesverbUS /əˈɡriːz/

third-person singular of “agree” — be in accord; be in agreement

From this reading In the _Essay of Dramatic Poesy_ Dryden--and this is one of the few judgments in which Howard heartily agrees with him--had denounced rhyme as "too low for a poem"; [Footnote: _English Garner_, iii. p.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading 567.] by which, as the context shows, is meant an epic.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In the _Essay of Dramatic Poesy_ Dryden--and this is one of the few judgments in which Howard heartily agrees with him--had denounced rhyme as "too low for a poem"; [Footnote: _English Garner_, iii. p.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In the _Essay of Dramatic Poesy_ Dryden--and this is one of the few judgments in which Howard heartily agrees with him--had denounced rhyme as "too low for a poem"; [Footnote: _English Garner_, iii. p.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading This was written the very year in which _Paradise Lost_, with its laconic sneer at rhyme as a device "to set off wretched matter and lame metre", was given to the world.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The epic, indeed--or what in those days passed for such--can hardly be said to have come within its scope.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading 567.] by which, as the context shows, is meant an epic.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading The epic, indeed--or what in those days passed for such--can hardly be said to have come within its scope.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading The epic, indeed--or what in those days passed for such--can hardly be said to have come within its scope.

confinedadjectiveUS /kənˈfaɪnd/

not invading healthy tissue

From this reading The reaction against rhyme was not confined to the drama.

contextnounUS /ˈkɑːntekst/

discourse that surrounds a language unit and helps to determine its interpretation

From this reading 567.] by which, as the context shows, is meant an epic.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading The epic, indeed--or what in those days passed for such--can hardly be said to have come within its scope.

denouncedverbUS /dɪˈnaʊnst/

past form of “denounce” — speak out against

From this reading In the _Essay of Dramatic Poesy_ Dryden--and this is one of the few judgments in which Howard heartily agrees with him--had denounced rhyme as "too low for a poem"; [Footnote: _English Garner_, iii. p.

devicenounUS /dɪˈvaɪs/

an instrumentality invented for a particular purpose

From this reading This was written the very year in which _Paradise Lost_, with its laconic sneer at rhyme as a device "to set off wretched matter and lame metre", was given to the world.

dramanounUS /ˈdrɑːmə/

a dramatic work intended for performance by actors on a stage

From this reading The reaction against rhyme was not confined to the drama.

DramaticadjectiveUS /drəˈmætɪk/

suitable to or characteristic of drama

From this reading In the _Essay of Dramatic Poesy_ Dryden--and this is one of the few judgments in which Howard heartily agrees with him--had denounced rhyme as "too low for a poem"; [Footnote: _English Garner_, iii. p.

DrydennounUS /ˈdraɪdən/

the outstanding poet and dramatist of the Restoration (1631-1700)

From this reading In the _Essay of Dramatic Poesy_ Dryden--and this is one of the few judgments in which Howard heartily agrees with him--had denounced rhyme as "too low for a poem"; [Footnote: _English Garner_, iii. p.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading In the _Essay of Dramatic Poesy_ Dryden--and this is one of the few judgments in which Howard heartily agrees with him--had denounced rhyme as "too low for a poem"; [Footnote: _English Garner_, iii. p.

epicadjectiveUS /ˈepɪk/

very imposing or impressive; surpassing the ordinary (especially in size or scale)

From this reading The epic, indeed--or what in those days passed for such--can hardly be said to have come within its scope.

EssaynounUS /eˈseɪ/

an analytic or interpretive literary composition

From this reading In the _Essay of Dramatic Poesy_ Dryden--and this is one of the few judgments in which Howard heartily agrees with him--had denounced rhyme as "too low for a poem"; [Footnote: _English Garner_, iii. p.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading In the _Essay of Dramatic Poesy_ Dryden--and this is one of the few judgments in which Howard heartily agrees with him--had denounced rhyme as "too low for a poem"; [Footnote: _English Garner_, iii. p.

FootnotenounUS /ˈfʊtnoʊt/

a printed note placed below the text on a printed page

From this reading In the _Essay of Dramatic Poesy_ Dryden--and this is one of the few judgments in which Howard heartily agrees with him--had denounced rhyme as "too low for a poem"; [Footnote: _English Garner_, iii. p.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The epic, indeed--or what in those days passed for such--can hardly be said to have come within its scope.

GarnerverbUS /ˈɡɑːrnər/

acquire or deserve by one's efforts or actions

From this reading In the _Essay of Dramatic Poesy_ Dryden--and this is one of the few judgments in which Howard heartily agrees with him--had denounced rhyme as "too low for a poem"; [Footnote: _English Garner_, iii. p.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading This was written the very year in which _Paradise Lost_, with its laconic sneer at rhyme as a device "to set off wretched matter and lame metre", was given to the world.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In the _Essay of Dramatic Poesy_ Dryden--and this is one of the few judgments in which Howard heartily agrees with him--had denounced rhyme as "too low for a poem"; [Footnote: _English Garner_, iii. p.

hardlyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdli/

only a very short time before

From this reading The epic, indeed--or what in those days passed for such--can hardly be said to have come within its scope.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The epic, indeed--or what in those days passed for such--can hardly be said to have come within its scope.

heartilyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrtəli/

with gusto and without reservation

From this reading In the _Essay of Dramatic Poesy_ Dryden--and this is one of the few judgments in which Howard heartily agrees with him--had denounced rhyme as "too low for a poem"; [Footnote: _English Garner_, iii. p.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading In the _Essay of Dramatic Poesy_ Dryden--and this is one of the few judgments in which Howard heartily agrees with him--had denounced rhyme as "too low for a poem"; [Footnote: _English Garner_, iii. p.

HowardnounUS /ˈhaʊərd/

English actor of stage and screen (1893-1943)

From this reading In the _Essay of Dramatic Poesy_ Dryden--and this is one of the few judgments in which Howard heartily agrees with him--had denounced rhyme as "too low for a poem"; [Footnote: _English Garner_, iii. p.

iiinoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading In the _Essay of Dramatic Poesy_ Dryden--and this is one of the few judgments in which Howard heartily agrees with him--had denounced rhyme as "too low for a poem"; [Footnote: _English Garner_, iii. p.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The epic, indeed--or what in those days passed for such--can hardly be said to have come within its scope.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading The epic, indeed--or what in those days passed for such--can hardly be said to have come within its scope.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In the _Essay of Dramatic Poesy_ Dryden--and this is one of the few judgments in which Howard heartily agrees with him--had denounced rhyme as "too low for a poem"; [Footnote: _English Garner_, iii. p.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The epic, indeed--or what in those days passed for such--can hardly be said to have come within its scope.

judgmentsnounUS /ˈdʒʌdʒmənts/

plural of “judgment” — an opinion formed by judging something

From this reading In the _Essay of Dramatic Poesy_ Dryden--and this is one of the few judgments in which Howard heartily agrees with him--had denounced rhyme as "too low for a poem"; [Footnote: _English Garner_, iii. p.

laconicadjectiveUS /lɑːˈkɑːnɪk/

brief and to the point; effectively cut short

From this reading This was written the very year in which _Paradise Lost_, with its laconic sneer at rhyme as a device "to set off wretched matter and lame metre", was given to the world.

lamenounUS /leɪm/

someone who doesn't understand what is going on

From this reading This was written the very year in which _Paradise Lost_, with its laconic sneer at rhyme as a device "to set off wretched matter and lame metre", was given to the world.

LostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading This was written the very year in which _Paradise Lost_, with its laconic sneer at rhyme as a device "to set off wretched matter and lame metre", was given to the world.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading In the _Essay of Dramatic Poesy_ Dryden--and this is one of the few judgments in which Howard heartily agrees with him--had denounced rhyme as "too low for a poem"; [Footnote: _English Garner_, iii. p.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading This was written the very year in which _Paradise Lost_, with its laconic sneer at rhyme as a device "to set off wretched matter and lame metre", was given to the world.

meantverbUS /ment/

inflected form of “mean” — mean or intend to express or convey

From this reading 567.] by which, as the context shows, is meant an epic.

metrenounUS /ˈmiːtər/

the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading This was written the very year in which _Paradise Lost_, with its laconic sneer at rhyme as a device "to set off wretched matter and lame metre", was given to the world.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The reaction against rhyme was not confined to the drama.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In the _Essay of Dramatic Poesy_ Dryden--and this is one of the few judgments in which Howard heartily agrees with him--had denounced rhyme as "too low for a poem"; [Footnote: _English Garner_, iii. p.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading This was written the very year in which _Paradise Lost_, with its laconic sneer at rhyme as a device "to set off wretched matter and lame metre", was given to the world.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading In the _Essay of Dramatic Poesy_ Dryden--and this is one of the few judgments in which Howard heartily agrees with him--had denounced rhyme as "too low for a poem"; [Footnote: _English Garner_, iii. p.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The epic, indeed--or what in those days passed for such--can hardly be said to have come within its scope.

pnounUS /piː/

a multivalent nonmetallic element of the nitrogen family that occurs commonly in inorganic phosphate rocks and as organic phosphates in all living cells; is highly reactive and occurs in several allotropic forms

From this reading In the _Essay of Dramatic Poesy_ Dryden--and this is one of the few judgments in which Howard heartily agrees with him--had denounced rhyme as "too low for a poem"; [Footnote: _English Garner_, iii. p.

ParadisenounUS /ˈperədaɪs/

any place of complete bliss and delight and peace

From this reading This was written the very year in which _Paradise Lost_, with its laconic sneer at rhyme as a device "to set off wretched matter and lame metre", was given to the world.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading The epic, indeed--or what in those days passed for such--can hardly be said to have come within its scope.

poemnounUS /ˈpoʊəm/

a composition written in metrical feet forming rhythmical lines

From this reading In the _Essay of Dramatic Poesy_ Dryden--and this is one of the few judgments in which Howard heartily agrees with him--had denounced rhyme as "too low for a poem"; [Footnote: _English Garner_, iii. p.

Poesynoun

literature in metrical form

From this reading In the _Essay of Dramatic Poesy_ Dryden--and this is one of the few judgments in which Howard heartily agrees with him--had denounced rhyme as "too low for a poem"; [Footnote: _English Garner_, iii. p.

reactionnounUS /riˈækʃən/

(chemistry) a process in which one or more substances are changed into others

From this reading The reaction against rhyme was not confined to the drama.

rhymenounUS /raɪm/

correspondence in the sounds of two or more lines (especially final sounds)

From this reading The reaction against rhyme was not confined to the drama.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading The epic, indeed--or what in those days passed for such--can hardly be said to have come within its scope.

scopenounUS /skoʊp/

an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"

From this reading The epic, indeed--or what in those days passed for such--can hardly be said to have come within its scope.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading This was written the very year in which _Paradise Lost_, with its laconic sneer at rhyme as a device "to set off wretched matter and lame metre", was given to the world.

showsnounUS /ʃoʊz/

plural of “show” — the act of publicly exhibiting or entertaining

From this reading 567.] by which, as the context shows, is meant an epic.

sneerverbUS /snɪr/

express through a scornful smile

From this reading This was written the very year in which _Paradise Lost_, with its laconic sneer at rhyme as a device "to set off wretched matter and lame metre", was given to the world.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading The epic, indeed--or what in those days passed for such--can hardly be said to have come within its scope.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The reaction against rhyme was not confined to the drama.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In the _Essay of Dramatic Poesy_ Dryden--and this is one of the few judgments in which Howard heartily agrees with him--had denounced rhyme as "too low for a poem"; [Footnote: _English Garner_, iii. p.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading The epic, indeed--or what in those days passed for such--can hardly be said to have come within its scope.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The reaction against rhyme was not confined to the drama.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading In the _Essay of Dramatic Poesy_ Dryden--and this is one of the few judgments in which Howard heartily agrees with him--had denounced rhyme as "too low for a poem"; [Footnote: _English Garner_, iii. p.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading This was written the very year in which _Paradise Lost_, with its laconic sneer at rhyme as a device "to set off wretched matter and lame metre", was given to the world.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The reaction against rhyme was not confined to the drama.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading The epic, indeed--or what in those days passed for such--can hardly be said to have come within its scope.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In the _Essay of Dramatic Poesy_ Dryden--and this is one of the few judgments in which Howard heartily agrees with him--had denounced rhyme as "too low for a poem"; [Footnote: _English Garner_, iii. p.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading In the _Essay of Dramatic Poesy_ Dryden--and this is one of the few judgments in which Howard heartily agrees with him--had denounced rhyme as "too low for a poem"; [Footnote: _English Garner_, iii. p.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading The epic, indeed--or what in those days passed for such--can hardly be said to have come within its scope.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading This was written the very year in which _Paradise Lost_, with its laconic sneer at rhyme as a device "to set off wretched matter and lame metre", was given to the world.

wretchedadjectiveUS /ˈretʃɪd/

of very poor quality or condition

From this reading This was written the very year in which _Paradise Lost_, with its laconic sneer at rhyme as a device "to set off wretched matter and lame metre", was given to the world.

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading This was written the very year in which _Paradise Lost_, with its laconic sneer at rhyme as a device "to set off wretched matter and lame metre", was given to the world.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading This was written the very year in which _Paradise Lost_, with its laconic sneer at rhyme as a device "to set off wretched matter and lame metre", was given to the world.

Chapter 2 of English literary criticism by Charles Edwyn Vaughan holds 410 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of English literary criticism contain?

Chapter 2 holds 410 sentences of English literary criticism, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of English literary criticism by Charles Edwyn Vaughan exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 410 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of English literary criticism?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Vocabulary met early in English literary criticism

Words and structures a reader meets early in English literary criticism, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

E-book
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English literary criticism; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Produced
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English literary criticism; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Constantine
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English literary criticism; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Juliet
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English literary criticism; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.