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English literary criticism
English literary criticism

Chapter V · Chapter 5

Chapter 5 of English literary criticism is here in full — 413 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It is with a poet, as with a man who designs to build, and is very exact, as he supposes, in casting up the cost beforehand; but, generally speaking, he is mistaken in his account, and reckons short in the expense he first intended.
He alters his mind as the work proceeds, and will have this or that convenience more, of which he had not thought when he began.
So has it happened to me.
I have built a house, where I intended but a lodge; yet with better success than a certain nobleman, who, beginning with a dog-kennel, never lived to finish the palace he had contrived.
From translating the first of Homer's _Iliads_ (which I intended as an essay to the whole work) I proceeded to the translation of the twelfth book of Ovid's _Metamorphoses_, because it contains, among other things, the causes, the beginning, and ending, of the Trojan war.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

English literary criticism

Chapter V · Chapter 5

Chapter 5 of English literary criticism is here in full — 413 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It is with a poet, as with a man who designs to build, and is very exact, as he supposes, in casting up the cost beforehand; but, generally speaking, he is mistaken in his account, and reckons short in the expense he first intended.
/ɪt ɪz wɪð ə ˈpoʊət æz wɪð ə mæn huː dɪˈzaɪnz tuː bɪld ənd ɪz ˈveri ɪɡˈzækt æz hiː səˈpoʊzɪz ɪn ˈkæstɪŋ ʌp ðə kɑːst bɪˈfɔːrhænd bʌt ˈdʒenərəli ˈspiːkɪŋ hiː ɪz mɪˈsteɪkən ɪn hɪz əˈkaʊnt ənd ˈrekənz ʃɔːrt ɪn ðə ɪkˈspens hiː fɜːrst ˌɪnˈtendɪd/
Line 2
He alters his mind as the work proceeds, and will have this or that convenience more, of which he had not thought when he began.
/hiː ˈɔːltərz hɪz maɪnd æz ðə wɜːrk prəˈsiːdz ənd wɪl hæv ðɪs ɔːr ðæt kənˈviːnjəns mɔːr ʌv wɪtʃ hiː hæd nɑːt θɔːt wen hiː bɪˈɡæn/
Line 3
So has it happened to me.
/soʊ hæz ɪt ˈhæpənd tuː miː/
Line 4
I have built a house, where I intended but a lodge; yet with better success than a certain nobleman, who, beginning with a dog-kennel, never lived to finish the palace he had contrived.
Line 5
From translating the first of Homer's _Iliads_ (which I intended as an essay to the whole work) I proceeded to the translation of the twelfth book of Ovid's _Metamorphoses_, because it contains, among other things, the causes, the beginning, and ending, of the Trojan war.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

alters verb US /ˈɔːltərz/

third-person singular of “alter” — cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading “He alters his mind as the work proceeds, and will have this or that convenience more, of which he had not thought when he began.”

Homer's noun US /ˈhoʊmərz/

possessive form of “homer” — a base hit on which the batter scores a run

From this reading “From translating the first of Homer's _Iliads_ (which I intended as an essay to the whole work) I proceeded to the translation of the twelfth book of Ovid's _Metamorphoses_, because it contains, among other things, the causes, the beginning, and ending, of the Trojan war.”

proceeds noun US /prəˈsiːdz/

the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property

From this reading “He alters his mind as the work proceeds, and will have this or that convenience more, of which he had not thought when he began.”

reckons verb US /ˈrekənz/

third-person singular of “reckon” — expect, believe, or suppose

From this reading “It is with a poet, as with a man who designs to build, and is very exact, as he supposes, in casting up the cost beforehand; but, generally speaking, he is mistaken in his account, and reckons short in the expense he first intended.”

supposes verb US /səˈpoʊzɪz/

third-person singular of “suppose” — express a supposition

From this reading “It is with a poet, as with a man who designs to build, and is very exact, as he supposes, in casting up the cost beforehand; but, generally speaking, he is mistaken in his account, and reckons short in the expense he first intended.”

translating verb US /trænzˈleɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “translate” — restate (words) from one language into another language

From this reading “From translating the first of Homer's _Iliads_ (which I intended as an essay to the whole work) I proceeded to the translation of the twelfth book of Ovid's _Metamorphoses_, because it contains, among other things, the causes, the beginning, and ending, of the Trojan war.”

Trojan noun US /ˈtroʊdʒən/

a native of ancient Troy

From this reading “From translating the first of Homer's _Iliads_ (which I intended as an essay to the whole work) I proceeded to the translation of the twelfth book of Ovid's _Metamorphoses_, because it contains, among other things, the causes, the beginning, and ending, of the Trojan war.”

twelfth adjective US /twelfθ/

coming next after the eleventh and just before the thirteenth in position

From this reading “From translating the first of Homer's _Iliads_ (which I intended as an essay to the whole work) I proceeded to the translation of the twelfth book of Ovid's _Metamorphoses_, because it contains, among other things, the causes, the beginning, and ending, of the Trojan war.”

All words in this reading · 95

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It is with a poet, as with a man who designs to build, and is very exact, as he supposes, in casting up the cost beforehand; but, generally speaking, he is mistaken in his account, and reckons short in the expense he first intended.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading It is with a poet, as with a man who designs to build, and is very exact, as he supposes, in casting up the cost beforehand; but, generally speaking, he is mistaken in his account, and reckons short in the expense he first intended.

altersverbUS /ˈɔːltərz/

third-person singular of “alter” — cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading He alters his mind as the work proceeds, and will have this or that convenience more, of which he had not thought when he began.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading From translating the first of Homer's _Iliads_ (which I intended as an essay to the whole work) I proceeded to the translation of the twelfth book of Ovid's _Metamorphoses_, because it contains, among other things, the causes, the beginning, and ending, of the Trojan war.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading From translating the first of Homer's _Iliads_ (which I intended as an essay to the whole work) I proceeded to the translation of the twelfth book of Ovid's _Metamorphoses_, because it contains, among other things, the causes, the beginning, and ending, of the Trojan war.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It is with a poet, as with a man who designs to build, and is very exact, as he supposes, in casting up the cost beforehand; but, generally speaking, he is mistaken in his account, and reckons short in the expense he first intended.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It is with a poet, as with a man who designs to build, and is very exact, as he supposes, in casting up the cost beforehand; but, generally speaking, he is mistaken in his account, and reckons short in the expense he first intended.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading From translating the first of Homer's _Iliads_ (which I intended as an essay to the whole work) I proceeded to the translation of the twelfth book of Ovid's _Metamorphoses_, because it contains, among other things, the causes, the beginning, and ending, of the Trojan war.

beforehandadjectiveUS /bɪˈfɔːrhænd/

being ahead of time or need

From this reading It is with a poet, as with a man who designs to build, and is very exact, as he supposes, in casting up the cost beforehand; but, generally speaking, he is mistaken in his account, and reckons short in the expense he first intended.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading He alters his mind as the work proceeds, and will have this or that convenience more, of which he had not thought when he began.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading I have built a house, where I intended but a lodge; yet with better success than a certain nobleman, who, beginning with a dog-kennel, never lived to finish the palace he had contrived.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading I have built a house, where I intended but a lodge; yet with better success than a certain nobleman, who, beginning with a dog-kennel, never lived to finish the palace he had contrived.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading From translating the first of Homer's _Iliads_ (which I intended as an essay to the whole work) I proceeded to the translation of the twelfth book of Ovid's _Metamorphoses_, because it contains, among other things, the causes, the beginning, and ending, of the Trojan war.

buildverbUS /bɪld/

make by combining materials and parts

From this reading It is with a poet, as with a man who designs to build, and is very exact, as he supposes, in casting up the cost beforehand; but, generally speaking, he is mistaken in his account, and reckons short in the expense he first intended.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading I have built a house, where I intended but a lodge; yet with better success than a certain nobleman, who, beginning with a dog-kennel, never lived to finish the palace he had contrived.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading It is with a poet, as with a man who designs to build, and is very exact, as he supposes, in casting up the cost beforehand; but, generally speaking, he is mistaken in his account, and reckons short in the expense he first intended.

castingnounUS /ˈkæstɪŋ/

object formed by a mold

From this reading It is with a poet, as with a man who designs to build, and is very exact, as he supposes, in casting up the cost beforehand; but, generally speaking, he is mistaken in his account, and reckons short in the expense he first intended.

causesnounUS /ˈkɑːzəz/

plural of “cause” — events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading From translating the first of Homer's _Iliads_ (which I intended as an essay to the whole work) I proceeded to the translation of the twelfth book of Ovid's _Metamorphoses_, because it contains, among other things, the causes, the beginning, and ending, of the Trojan war.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading I have built a house, where I intended but a lodge; yet with better success than a certain nobleman, who, beginning with a dog-kennel, never lived to finish the palace he had contrived.

containsverbUS /kənˈteɪnz/

third-person singular of “contain” — include or contain; have as a component

From this reading From translating the first of Homer's _Iliads_ (which I intended as an essay to the whole work) I proceeded to the translation of the twelfth book of Ovid's _Metamorphoses_, because it contains, among other things, the causes, the beginning, and ending, of the Trojan war.

contrivedadjectiveUS /kənˈtraɪvd/

showing effects of planning or manipulation

From this reading I have built a house, where I intended but a lodge; yet with better success than a certain nobleman, who, beginning with a dog-kennel, never lived to finish the palace he had contrived.

conveniencenounUS /kənˈviːnjəns/

the state of being suitable or opportune

From this reading He alters his mind as the work proceeds, and will have this or that convenience more, of which he had not thought when he began.

costnounUS /kɑːst/

the total spent for goods or services including money and time and labor

From this reading It is with a poet, as with a man who designs to build, and is very exact, as he supposes, in casting up the cost beforehand; but, generally speaking, he is mistaken in his account, and reckons short in the expense he first intended.

designsnounUS /dɪˈzaɪnz/

plural of “design” — the act of working out the form of something (as by making a sketch or outline or plan)

From this reading It is with a poet, as with a man who designs to build, and is very exact, as he supposes, in casting up the cost beforehand; but, generally speaking, he is mistaken in his account, and reckons short in the expense he first intended.

dog-kennel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have built a house, where I intended but a lodge; yet with better success than a certain nobleman, who, beginning with a dog-kennel, never lived to finish the palace he had contrived.

endingnounUS /ˈendɪŋ/

the end of a word (a suffix or inflectional ending or final morpheme)

From this reading From translating the first of Homer's _Iliads_ (which I intended as an essay to the whole work) I proceeded to the translation of the twelfth book of Ovid's _Metamorphoses_, because it contains, among other things, the causes, the beginning, and ending, of the Trojan war.

essaynounUS /eˈseɪ/

an analytic or interpretive literary composition

From this reading From translating the first of Homer's _Iliads_ (which I intended as an essay to the whole work) I proceeded to the translation of the twelfth book of Ovid's _Metamorphoses_, because it contains, among other things, the causes, the beginning, and ending, of the Trojan war.

exactadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzækt/

Strictly particular and correct.

From this reading It is with a poet, as with a man who designs to build, and is very exact, as he supposes, in casting up the cost beforehand; but, generally speaking, he is mistaken in his account, and reckons short in the expense he first intended.

expensenounUS /ɪkˈspens/

amounts paid for goods and services that may be currently tax deductible (as opposed to capital expenditures)

From this reading It is with a poet, as with a man who designs to build, and is very exact, as he supposes, in casting up the cost beforehand; but, generally speaking, he is mistaken in his account, and reckons short in the expense he first intended.

finishverbUS /ˈfɪnɪʃ/

come or bring to a finish or an end

From this reading I have built a house, where I intended but a lodge; yet with better success than a certain nobleman, who, beginning with a dog-kennel, never lived to finish the palace he had contrived.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading It is with a poet, as with a man who designs to build, and is very exact, as he supposes, in casting up the cost beforehand; but, generally speaking, he is mistaken in his account, and reckons short in the expense he first intended.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From translating the first of Homer's _Iliads_ (which I intended as an essay to the whole work) I proceeded to the translation of the twelfth book of Ovid's _Metamorphoses_, because it contains, among other things, the causes, the beginning, and ending, of the Trojan war.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading It is with a poet, as with a man who designs to build, and is very exact, as he supposes, in casting up the cost beforehand; but, generally speaking, he is mistaken in his account, and reckons short in the expense he first intended.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He alters his mind as the work proceeds, and will have this or that convenience more, of which he had not thought when he began.

happenedverbUS /ˈhæpənd/

past form of “happen” — come to pass

From this reading So has it happened to me.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading So has it happened to me.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading He alters his mind as the work proceeds, and will have this or that convenience more, of which he had not thought when he began.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It is with a poet, as with a man who designs to build, and is very exact, as he supposes, in casting up the cost beforehand; but, generally speaking, he is mistaken in his account, and reckons short in the expense he first intended.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading It is with a poet, as with a man who designs to build, and is very exact, as he supposes, in casting up the cost beforehand; but, generally speaking, he is mistaken in his account, and reckons short in the expense he first intended.

Homer'snounUS /ˈhoʊmərz/

possessive form of “homer” — a base hit on which the batter scores a run

From this reading From translating the first of Homer's _Iliads_ (which I intended as an essay to the whole work) I proceeded to the translation of the twelfth book of Ovid's _Metamorphoses_, because it contains, among other things, the causes, the beginning, and ending, of the Trojan war.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading I have built a house, where I intended but a lodge; yet with better success than a certain nobleman, who, beginning with a dog-kennel, never lived to finish the palace he had contrived.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I have built a house, where I intended but a lodge; yet with better success than a certain nobleman, who, beginning with a dog-kennel, never lived to finish the palace he had contrived.

Iliads

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From translating the first of Homer's _Iliads_ (which I intended as an essay to the whole work) I proceeded to the translation of the twelfth book of Ovid's _Metamorphoses_, because it contains, among other things, the causes, the beginning, and ending, of the Trojan war.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It is with a poet, as with a man who designs to build, and is very exact, as he supposes, in casting up the cost beforehand; but, generally speaking, he is mistaken in his account, and reckons short in the expense he first intended.

intendedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtendɪd/

resulting from one's intentions

From this reading It is with a poet, as with a man who designs to build, and is very exact, as he supposes, in casting up the cost beforehand; but, generally speaking, he is mistaken in his account, and reckons short in the expense he first intended.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is with a poet, as with a man who designs to build, and is very exact, as he supposes, in casting up the cost beforehand; but, generally speaking, he is mistaken in his account, and reckons short in the expense he first intended.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is with a poet, as with a man who designs to build, and is very exact, as he supposes, in casting up the cost beforehand; but, generally speaking, he is mistaken in his account, and reckons short in the expense he first intended.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading I have built a house, where I intended but a lodge; yet with better success than a certain nobleman, who, beginning with a dog-kennel, never lived to finish the palace he had contrived.

lodgeverbUS /lɑːdʒ/

be a lodger; stay temporarily

From this reading I have built a house, where I intended but a lodge; yet with better success than a certain nobleman, who, beginning with a dog-kennel, never lived to finish the palace he had contrived.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading It is with a poet, as with a man who designs to build, and is very exact, as he supposes, in casting up the cost beforehand; but, generally speaking, he is mistaken in his account, and reckons short in the expense he first intended.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading So has it happened to me.

Metamorphoses

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From translating the first of Homer's _Iliads_ (which I intended as an essay to the whole work) I proceeded to the translation of the twelfth book of Ovid's _Metamorphoses_, because it contains, among other things, the causes, the beginning, and ending, of the Trojan war.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading He alters his mind as the work proceeds, and will have this or that convenience more, of which he had not thought when he began.

mistakenadjectiveUS /mɪˈsteɪkən/

wrong in e.g. opinion or judgment

From this reading It is with a poet, as with a man who designs to build, and is very exact, as he supposes, in casting up the cost beforehand; but, generally speaking, he is mistaken in his account, and reckons short in the expense he first intended.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading He alters his mind as the work proceeds, and will have this or that convenience more, of which he had not thought when he began.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading I have built a house, where I intended but a lodge; yet with better success than a certain nobleman, who, beginning with a dog-kennel, never lived to finish the palace he had contrived.

noblemannounUS /ˈnoʊbəlmən/

a titled peer of the realm

From this reading I have built a house, where I intended but a lodge; yet with better success than a certain nobleman, who, beginning with a dog-kennel, never lived to finish the palace he had contrived.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He alters his mind as the work proceeds, and will have this or that convenience more, of which he had not thought when he began.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He alters his mind as the work proceeds, and will have this or that convenience more, of which he had not thought when he began.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading He alters his mind as the work proceeds, and will have this or that convenience more, of which he had not thought when he began.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading From translating the first of Homer's _Iliads_ (which I intended as an essay to the whole work) I proceeded to the translation of the twelfth book of Ovid's _Metamorphoses_, because it contains, among other things, the causes, the beginning, and ending, of the Trojan war.

Ovid's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From translating the first of Homer's _Iliads_ (which I intended as an essay to the whole work) I proceeded to the translation of the twelfth book of Ovid's _Metamorphoses_, because it contains, among other things, the causes, the beginning, and ending, of the Trojan war.

palacenounUS /ˈpæləs/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading I have built a house, where I intended but a lodge; yet with better success than a certain nobleman, who, beginning with a dog-kennel, never lived to finish the palace he had contrived.

poetnounUS /ˈpoʊət/

a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading It is with a poet, as with a man who designs to build, and is very exact, as he supposes, in casting up the cost beforehand; but, generally speaking, he is mistaken in his account, and reckons short in the expense he first intended.

proceededverbUS /prəˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “proceed” — continue talking

From this reading From translating the first of Homer's _Iliads_ (which I intended as an essay to the whole work) I proceeded to the translation of the twelfth book of Ovid's _Metamorphoses_, because it contains, among other things, the causes, the beginning, and ending, of the Trojan war.

proceedsnounUS /prəˈsiːdz/

the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property

From this reading He alters his mind as the work proceeds, and will have this or that convenience more, of which he had not thought when he began.

reckonsverbUS /ˈrekənz/

third-person singular of “reckon” — expect, believe, or suppose

From this reading It is with a poet, as with a man who designs to build, and is very exact, as he supposes, in casting up the cost beforehand; but, generally speaking, he is mistaken in his account, and reckons short in the expense he first intended.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading It is with a poet, as with a man who designs to build, and is very exact, as he supposes, in casting up the cost beforehand; but, generally speaking, he is mistaken in his account, and reckons short in the expense he first intended.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So has it happened to me.

speakingnounUS /ˈspiːkɪŋ/

the utterance of intelligible speech

From this reading It is with a poet, as with a man who designs to build, and is very exact, as he supposes, in casting up the cost beforehand; but, generally speaking, he is mistaken in his account, and reckons short in the expense he first intended.

successnounUS /səkˈses/

an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading I have built a house, where I intended but a lodge; yet with better success than a certain nobleman, who, beginning with a dog-kennel, never lived to finish the palace he had contrived.

supposesverbUS /səˈpoʊzɪz/

third-person singular of “suppose” — express a supposition

From this reading It is with a poet, as with a man who designs to build, and is very exact, as he supposes, in casting up the cost beforehand; but, generally speaking, he is mistaken in his account, and reckons short in the expense he first intended.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading I have built a house, where I intended but a lodge; yet with better success than a certain nobleman, who, beginning with a dog-kennel, never lived to finish the palace he had contrived.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He alters his mind as the work proceeds, and will have this or that convenience more, of which he had not thought when he began.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It is with a poet, as with a man who designs to build, and is very exact, as he supposes, in casting up the cost beforehand; but, generally speaking, he is mistaken in his account, and reckons short in the expense he first intended.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading From translating the first of Homer's _Iliads_ (which I intended as an essay to the whole work) I proceeded to the translation of the twelfth book of Ovid's _Metamorphoses_, because it contains, among other things, the causes, the beginning, and ending, of the Trojan war.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading He alters his mind as the work proceeds, and will have this or that convenience more, of which he had not thought when he began.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading He alters his mind as the work proceeds, and will have this or that convenience more, of which he had not thought when he began.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It is with a poet, as with a man who designs to build, and is very exact, as he supposes, in casting up the cost beforehand; but, generally speaking, he is mistaken in his account, and reckons short in the expense he first intended.

translatingverbUS /trænzˈleɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “translate” — restate (words) from one language into another language

From this reading From translating the first of Homer's _Iliads_ (which I intended as an essay to the whole work) I proceeded to the translation of the twelfth book of Ovid's _Metamorphoses_, because it contains, among other things, the causes, the beginning, and ending, of the Trojan war.

translationnounUS /trænzˈleɪʃən/

a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language

From this reading From translating the first of Homer's _Iliads_ (which I intended as an essay to the whole work) I proceeded to the translation of the twelfth book of Ovid's _Metamorphoses_, because it contains, among other things, the causes, the beginning, and ending, of the Trojan war.

TrojannounUS /ˈtroʊdʒən/

a native of ancient Troy

From this reading From translating the first of Homer's _Iliads_ (which I intended as an essay to the whole work) I proceeded to the translation of the twelfth book of Ovid's _Metamorphoses_, because it contains, among other things, the causes, the beginning, and ending, of the Trojan war.

twelfthadjectiveUS /twelfθ/

coming next after the eleventh and just before the thirteenth in position

From this reading From translating the first of Homer's _Iliads_ (which I intended as an essay to the whole work) I proceeded to the translation of the twelfth book of Ovid's _Metamorphoses_, because it contains, among other things, the causes, the beginning, and ending, of the Trojan war.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading It is with a poet, as with a man who designs to build, and is very exact, as he supposes, in casting up the cost beforehand; but, generally speaking, he is mistaken in his account, and reckons short in the expense he first intended.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading It is with a poet, as with a man who designs to build, and is very exact, as he supposes, in casting up the cost beforehand; but, generally speaking, he is mistaken in his account, and reckons short in the expense he first intended.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading From translating the first of Homer's _Iliads_ (which I intended as an essay to the whole work) I proceeded to the translation of the twelfth book of Ovid's _Metamorphoses_, because it contains, among other things, the causes, the beginning, and ending, of the Trojan war.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading He alters his mind as the work proceeds, and will have this or that convenience more, of which he had not thought when he began.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading I have built a house, where I intended but a lodge; yet with better success than a certain nobleman, who, beginning with a dog-kennel, never lived to finish the palace he had contrived.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He alters his mind as the work proceeds, and will have this or that convenience more, of which he had not thought when he began.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading It is with a poet, as with a man who designs to build, and is very exact, as he supposes, in casting up the cost beforehand; but, generally speaking, he is mistaken in his account, and reckons short in the expense he first intended.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading From translating the first of Homer's _Iliads_ (which I intended as an essay to the whole work) I proceeded to the translation of the twelfth book of Ovid's _Metamorphoses_, because it contains, among other things, the causes, the beginning, and ending, of the Trojan war.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading He alters his mind as the work proceeds, and will have this or that convenience more, of which he had not thought when he began.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It is with a poet, as with a man who designs to build, and is very exact, as he supposes, in casting up the cost beforehand; but, generally speaking, he is mistaken in his account, and reckons short in the expense he first intended.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading He alters his mind as the work proceeds, and will have this or that convenience more, of which he had not thought when he began.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading I have built a house, where I intended but a lodge; yet with better success than a certain nobleman, who, beginning with a dog-kennel, never lived to finish the palace he had contrived.

Chapter 5 of English literary criticism by Charles Edwyn Vaughan holds 413 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of English literary criticism contain?

Chapter 5 holds 413 sentences of English literary criticism, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of English literary criticism by Charles Edwyn Vaughan exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 413 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of English literary criticism?

Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading English literary criticism by Charles Edwyn Vaughan on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of English literary criticism?

Yes. All 3240 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #6320 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of English literary criticism is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #6320, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does English literary criticism take to read?

About 270 minutes of reading across 648 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through English literary criticism section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in English literary criticism

Words and structures a reader meets early in English literary criticism, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

E-book
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English literary criticism; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Produced
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English literary criticism; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Constantine
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English literary criticism; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Juliet
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English literary criticism; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.