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English literary criticism
English literary criticism

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of English literary criticism is here in full — 403 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Sailing with supreme dominion Through the azure deep of air-- without being stopped, or fretted, or diverted with the abruptnesses and petty obstacles, and discordant flats and sharps of prose, that poetry was invented.
It is to common language what springs are to a carriage, or wings to feet.
In ordinary speech we arrive at a certain harmony by the modulations of the voice: in poetry the same thing is done systematically by a regular collocation of syllables.
It has been well observed, that every one who declaims warmly, or grows intent upon a subject, rises into a sort of blank verse or measured prose.
The merchant, as described in Chaucer, went on his way "sounding always the increase of his winning".
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English literary criticism

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of English literary criticism is here in full — 403 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Sailing with supreme dominion Through the azure deep of air-- without being stopped, or fretted, or diverted with the abruptnesses and petty obstacles, and discordant flats and sharps of prose, that poetry was invented.
Line 2
It is to common language what springs are to a carriage, or wings to feet.
/ɪt ɪz tuː ˈkɑːmən ˈlæŋɡwədʒ wʌt sprɪŋz ɑːr tuː ə ˈkærɪdʒ ɔːr wɪŋz tuː fiːt/
Line 3
In ordinary speech we arrive at a certain harmony by the modulations of the voice: in poetry the same thing is done systematically by a regular collocation of syllables.
Line 4
It has been well observed, that every one who declaims warmly, or grows intent upon a subject, rises into a sort of blank verse or measured prose.
Line 5
The merchant, as described in Chaucer, went on his way "sounding always the increase of his winning".
/ðə ˈmɜːr.tʃənt æz dɪˈskraɪbd ɪn ˈtʃɔːsər went ɑːn hɪz weɪ ˈsaʊndɪŋ ˈɔːlweɪz ðə ˌɪnˈkriːs ʌv hɪz ˈwɪnɪŋ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Chaucer noun US /ˈtʃɔːsər/

English poet remembered as author of the Canterbury Tales (1340-1400)

From this reading “The merchant, as described in Chaucer, went on his way "sounding always the increase of his winning".”

collocation noun US /kɑːləˈkeɪʃən/

a grouping of words in a sentence

From this reading “In ordinary speech we arrive at a certain harmony by the modulations of the voice: in poetry the same thing is done systematically by a regular collocation of syllables.”

discordant adjective US /dɪˈskɔːrdənt/

not in agreement or harmony

From this reading “Sailing with supreme dominion Through the azure deep of air-- without being stopped, or fretted, or diverted with the abruptnesses and petty obstacles, and discordant flats and sharps of prose, that poetry was invented.”

flats noun US /flæts/

footwear (shoes or slippers) with no heel (or a very low heel)

From this reading “Sailing with supreme dominion Through the azure deep of air-- without being stopped, or fretted, or diverted with the abruptnesses and petty obstacles, and discordant flats and sharps of prose, that poetry was invented.”

fretted adjective US /ˈfretɪd/

having frets

From this reading “Sailing with supreme dominion Through the azure deep of air-- without being stopped, or fretted, or diverted with the abruptnesses and petty obstacles, and discordant flats and sharps of prose, that poetry was invented.”

sharps noun US /ʃɑːrps/

plural of “sharp” — a musical notation indicating one half step higher than the note named

From this reading “Sailing with supreme dominion Through the azure deep of air-- without being stopped, or fretted, or diverted with the abruptnesses and petty obstacles, and discordant flats and sharps of prose, that poetry was invented.”

syllables noun US /ˈsɪləbəlz/

plural of “syllable” — a unit of spoken language larger than a phoneme

From this reading “In ordinary speech we arrive at a certain harmony by the modulations of the voice: in poetry the same thing is done systematically by a regular collocation of syllables.”

systematically adverb US /ˌsɪstəˈmætɪkli/

in a systematic or consistent manner

From this reading “In ordinary speech we arrive at a certain harmony by the modulations of the voice: in poetry the same thing is done systematically by a regular collocation of syllables.”

All words in this reading · 89

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It is to common language what springs are to a carriage, or wings to feet.

abruptnesses

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sailing with supreme dominion Through the azure deep of air-- without being stopped, or fretted, or diverted with the abruptnesses and petty obstacles, and discordant flats and sharps of prose, that poetry was invented.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading Sailing with supreme dominion Through the azure deep of air-- without being stopped, or fretted, or diverted with the abruptnesses and petty obstacles, and discordant flats and sharps of prose, that poetry was invented.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading The merchant, as described in Chaucer, went on his way "sounding always the increase of his winning".

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Sailing with supreme dominion Through the azure deep of air-- without being stopped, or fretted, or diverted with the abruptnesses and petty obstacles, and discordant flats and sharps of prose, that poetry was invented.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It is to common language what springs are to a carriage, or wings to feet.

arriveverbUS /ərˈaɪv/

reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading In ordinary speech we arrive at a certain harmony by the modulations of the voice: in poetry the same thing is done systematically by a regular collocation of syllables.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The merchant, as described in Chaucer, went on his way "sounding always the increase of his winning".

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading In ordinary speech we arrive at a certain harmony by the modulations of the voice: in poetry the same thing is done systematically by a regular collocation of syllables.

azurenounUS /ˈæʒər/

a light shade of blue

From this reading Sailing with supreme dominion Through the azure deep of air-- without being stopped, or fretted, or diverted with the abruptnesses and petty obstacles, and discordant flats and sharps of prose, that poetry was invented.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It has been well observed, that every one who declaims warmly, or grows intent upon a subject, rises into a sort of blank verse or measured prose.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Sailing with supreme dominion Through the azure deep of air-- without being stopped, or fretted, or diverted with the abruptnesses and petty obstacles, and discordant flats and sharps of prose, that poetry was invented.

blankadjectiveUS /blæŋk/

(of a surface) not written or printed on

From this reading It has been well observed, that every one who declaims warmly, or grows intent upon a subject, rises into a sort of blank verse or measured prose.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading In ordinary speech we arrive at a certain harmony by the modulations of the voice: in poetry the same thing is done systematically by a regular collocation of syllables.

carriagenounUS /ˈkærɪdʒ/

a railcar where passengers ride

From this reading It is to common language what springs are to a carriage, or wings to feet.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading In ordinary speech we arrive at a certain harmony by the modulations of the voice: in poetry the same thing is done systematically by a regular collocation of syllables.

ChaucernounUS /ˈtʃɔːsər/

English poet remembered as author of the Canterbury Tales (1340-1400)

From this reading The merchant, as described in Chaucer, went on his way "sounding always the increase of his winning".

collocationnounUS /kɑːləˈkeɪʃən/

a grouping of words in a sentence

From this reading In ordinary speech we arrive at a certain harmony by the modulations of the voice: in poetry the same thing is done systematically by a regular collocation of syllables.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading It is to common language what springs are to a carriage, or wings to feet.

declaims

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It has been well observed, that every one who declaims warmly, or grows intent upon a subject, rises into a sort of blank verse or measured prose.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading Sailing with supreme dominion Through the azure deep of air-- without being stopped, or fretted, or diverted with the abruptnesses and petty obstacles, and discordant flats and sharps of prose, that poetry was invented.

describedadjectiveUS /dɪˈskraɪbd/

represented in words especially with sharpness and detail

From this reading The merchant, as described in Chaucer, went on his way "sounding always the increase of his winning".

discordantadjectiveUS /dɪˈskɔːrdənt/

not in agreement or harmony

From this reading Sailing with supreme dominion Through the azure deep of air-- without being stopped, or fretted, or diverted with the abruptnesses and petty obstacles, and discordant flats and sharps of prose, that poetry was invented.

divertedadjectiveUS /daɪˈvɜːrtɪd/

pleasantly occupied

From this reading Sailing with supreme dominion Through the azure deep of air-- without being stopped, or fretted, or diverted with the abruptnesses and petty obstacles, and discordant flats and sharps of prose, that poetry was invented.

dominionnounUS /dəˈmɪnjən/

dominance or power through legal authority

From this reading Sailing with supreme dominion Through the azure deep of air-- without being stopped, or fretted, or diverted with the abruptnesses and petty obstacles, and discordant flats and sharps of prose, that poetry was invented.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading In ordinary speech we arrive at a certain harmony by the modulations of the voice: in poetry the same thing is done systematically by a regular collocation of syllables.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading It has been well observed, that every one who declaims warmly, or grows intent upon a subject, rises into a sort of blank verse or measured prose.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading It is to common language what springs are to a carriage, or wings to feet.

flatsnounUS /flæts/

footwear (shoes or slippers) with no heel (or a very low heel)

From this reading Sailing with supreme dominion Through the azure deep of air-- without being stopped, or fretted, or diverted with the abruptnesses and petty obstacles, and discordant flats and sharps of prose, that poetry was invented.

frettedadjectiveUS /ˈfretɪd/

having frets

From this reading Sailing with supreme dominion Through the azure deep of air-- without being stopped, or fretted, or diverted with the abruptnesses and petty obstacles, and discordant flats and sharps of prose, that poetry was invented.

growsverbUS /ɡroʊz/

third-person singular of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading It has been well observed, that every one who declaims warmly, or grows intent upon a subject, rises into a sort of blank verse or measured prose.

harmonynounUS /ˈhɑːrməni/

compatibility in opinion and action

From this reading In ordinary speech we arrive at a certain harmony by the modulations of the voice: in poetry the same thing is done systematically by a regular collocation of syllables.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It has been well observed, that every one who declaims warmly, or grows intent upon a subject, rises into a sort of blank verse or measured prose.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The merchant, as described in Chaucer, went on his way "sounding always the increase of his winning".

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In ordinary speech we arrive at a certain harmony by the modulations of the voice: in poetry the same thing is done systematically by a regular collocation of syllables.

increasenounUS /ˌɪnˈkriːs/

a quantity that is added

From this reading The merchant, as described in Chaucer, went on his way "sounding always the increase of his winning".

intentnounUS /ˌɪnˈtent/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading It has been well observed, that every one who declaims warmly, or grows intent upon a subject, rises into a sort of blank verse or measured prose.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading It has been well observed, that every one who declaims warmly, or grows intent upon a subject, rises into a sort of blank verse or measured prose.

inventedverbUS /ˌɪnˈventəd/

past form of “invent” — come up with (an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle) after a mental effort

From this reading Sailing with supreme dominion Through the azure deep of air-- without being stopped, or fretted, or diverted with the abruptnesses and petty obstacles, and discordant flats and sharps of prose, that poetry was invented.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is to common language what springs are to a carriage, or wings to feet.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is to common language what springs are to a carriage, or wings to feet.

languagenounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading It is to common language what springs are to a carriage, or wings to feet.

measuredadjectiveUS /ˈmeʒərd/

having notes of fixed rhythmic value

From this reading It has been well observed, that every one who declaims warmly, or grows intent upon a subject, rises into a sort of blank verse or measured prose.

merchantnounUS /ˈmɜːr.tʃənt/

A person or company involved in wholesale trade, especially with foreign countries.

From this reading The merchant, as described in Chaucer, went on his way "sounding always the increase of his winning".

modulations

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In ordinary speech we arrive at a certain harmony by the modulations of the voice: in poetry the same thing is done systematically by a regular collocation of syllables.

observedadjectiveUS /əbˈzɜːrvd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading It has been well observed, that every one who declaims warmly, or grows intent upon a subject, rises into a sort of blank verse or measured prose.

obstaclesnounUS /ˈɑːbstəkəlz/

plural of “obstacle” — something immaterial that stands in the way and must be circumvented or surmounted

From this reading Sailing with supreme dominion Through the azure deep of air-- without being stopped, or fretted, or diverted with the abruptnesses and petty obstacles, and discordant flats and sharps of prose, that poetry was invented.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Sailing with supreme dominion Through the azure deep of air-- without being stopped, or fretted, or diverted with the abruptnesses and petty obstacles, and discordant flats and sharps of prose, that poetry was invented.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The merchant, as described in Chaucer, went on his way "sounding always the increase of his winning".

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading It has been well observed, that every one who declaims warmly, or grows intent upon a subject, rises into a sort of blank verse or measured prose.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Sailing with supreme dominion Through the azure deep of air-- without being stopped, or fretted, or diverted with the abruptnesses and petty obstacles, and discordant flats and sharps of prose, that poetry was invented.

ordinarynounUS /ˈɔːrdəneri/

a judge of a probate court

From this reading In ordinary speech we arrive at a certain harmony by the modulations of the voice: in poetry the same thing is done systematically by a regular collocation of syllables.

pettyadjectiveUS /ˈpetiː/

inferior in rank or status

From this reading Sailing with supreme dominion Through the azure deep of air-- without being stopped, or fretted, or diverted with the abruptnesses and petty obstacles, and discordant flats and sharps of prose, that poetry was invented.

poetrynounUS /ˈpoʊətri/

literature in metrical form

From this reading Sailing with supreme dominion Through the azure deep of air-- without being stopped, or fretted, or diverted with the abruptnesses and petty obstacles, and discordant flats and sharps of prose, that poetry was invented.

prosenounUS /proʊz/

ordinary writing as distinguished from verse

From this reading Sailing with supreme dominion Through the azure deep of air-- without being stopped, or fretted, or diverted with the abruptnesses and petty obstacles, and discordant flats and sharps of prose, that poetry was invented.

regularadjectiveUS /ˈreɡjələr/

in accordance with fixed order or procedure or principle

From this reading In ordinary speech we arrive at a certain harmony by the modulations of the voice: in poetry the same thing is done systematically by a regular collocation of syllables.

risesnounUS /ˈraɪzəz/

plural of “rise” — a growth in strength or number or importance

From this reading It has been well observed, that every one who declaims warmly, or grows intent upon a subject, rises into a sort of blank verse or measured prose.

SailingnounUS /ˈseɪlɪŋ/

the work of a sailor

From this reading Sailing with supreme dominion Through the azure deep of air-- without being stopped, or fretted, or diverted with the abruptnesses and petty obstacles, and discordant flats and sharps of prose, that poetry was invented.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading In ordinary speech we arrive at a certain harmony by the modulations of the voice: in poetry the same thing is done systematically by a regular collocation of syllables.

sharpsnounUS /ʃɑːrps/

plural of “sharp” — a musical notation indicating one half step higher than the note named

From this reading Sailing with supreme dominion Through the azure deep of air-- without being stopped, or fretted, or diverted with the abruptnesses and petty obstacles, and discordant flats and sharps of prose, that poetry was invented.

sortnounUS /sɔːrt/

a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading It has been well observed, that every one who declaims warmly, or grows intent upon a subject, rises into a sort of blank verse or measured prose.

soundingadjectiveUS /ˈsaʊndɪŋ/

appearing to be as specified; usually used as combining forms

From this reading The merchant, as described in Chaucer, went on his way "sounding always the increase of his winning".

speechnounUS /spiːtʃ/

the act of delivering a formal spoken communication to an audience

From this reading In ordinary speech we arrive at a certain harmony by the modulations of the voice: in poetry the same thing is done systematically by a regular collocation of syllables.

springsnounUS /sprɪŋz/

plural of “spring” — the season of growth

From this reading It is to common language what springs are to a carriage, or wings to feet.

stoppedadjectiveUS /stɑːpt/

(of a nose) blocked

From this reading Sailing with supreme dominion Through the azure deep of air-- without being stopped, or fretted, or diverted with the abruptnesses and petty obstacles, and discordant flats and sharps of prose, that poetry was invented.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading It has been well observed, that every one who declaims warmly, or grows intent upon a subject, rises into a sort of blank verse or measured prose.

supremeadjectiveUS /səˈpriːm/

final or last in your life or progress

From this reading Sailing with supreme dominion Through the azure deep of air-- without being stopped, or fretted, or diverted with the abruptnesses and petty obstacles, and discordant flats and sharps of prose, that poetry was invented.

syllablesnounUS /ˈsɪləbəlz/

plural of “syllable” — a unit of spoken language larger than a phoneme

From this reading In ordinary speech we arrive at a certain harmony by the modulations of the voice: in poetry the same thing is done systematically by a regular collocation of syllables.

systematicallyadverbUS /ˌsɪstəˈmætɪkli/

in a systematic or consistent manner

From this reading In ordinary speech we arrive at a certain harmony by the modulations of the voice: in poetry the same thing is done systematically by a regular collocation of syllables.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Sailing with supreme dominion Through the azure deep of air-- without being stopped, or fretted, or diverted with the abruptnesses and petty obstacles, and discordant flats and sharps of prose, that poetry was invented.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Sailing with supreme dominion Through the azure deep of air-- without being stopped, or fretted, or diverted with the abruptnesses and petty obstacles, and discordant flats and sharps of prose, that poetry was invented.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading In ordinary speech we arrive at a certain harmony by the modulations of the voice: in poetry the same thing is done systematically by a regular collocation of syllables.

ThroughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Sailing with supreme dominion Through the azure deep of air-- without being stopped, or fretted, or diverted with the abruptnesses and petty obstacles, and discordant flats and sharps of prose, that poetry was invented.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It is to common language what springs are to a carriage, or wings to feet.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading It has been well observed, that every one who declaims warmly, or grows intent upon a subject, rises into a sort of blank verse or measured prose.

versenounUS /vɜːrs/

literature in metrical form

From this reading It has been well observed, that every one who declaims warmly, or grows intent upon a subject, rises into a sort of blank verse or measured prose.

voicenounUS /vɔɪs/

the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech

From this reading In ordinary speech we arrive at a certain harmony by the modulations of the voice: in poetry the same thing is done systematically by a regular collocation of syllables.

warmlyadverbUS /ˈwɔːrmli/

in a hearty manner

From this reading It has been well observed, that every one who declaims warmly, or grows intent upon a subject, rises into a sort of blank verse or measured prose.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Sailing with supreme dominion Through the azure deep of air-- without being stopped, or fretted, or diverted with the abruptnesses and petty obstacles, and discordant flats and sharps of prose, that poetry was invented.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The merchant, as described in Chaucer, went on his way "sounding always the increase of his winning".

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading In ordinary speech we arrive at a certain harmony by the modulations of the voice: in poetry the same thing is done systematically by a regular collocation of syllables.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading It has been well observed, that every one who declaims warmly, or grows intent upon a subject, rises into a sort of blank verse or measured prose.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading The merchant, as described in Chaucer, went on his way "sounding always the increase of his winning".

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading It is to common language what springs are to a carriage, or wings to feet.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading It has been well observed, that every one who declaims warmly, or grows intent upon a subject, rises into a sort of blank verse or measured prose.

wingsnounUS /wɪŋz/

a means of flight or ascent

From this reading It is to common language what springs are to a carriage, or wings to feet.

winningadjectiveUS /ˈwɪnɪŋ/

having won

From this reading The merchant, as described in Chaucer, went on his way "sounding always the increase of his winning".

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Sailing with supreme dominion Through the azure deep of air-- without being stopped, or fretted, or diverted with the abruptnesses and petty obstacles, and discordant flats and sharps of prose, that poetry was invented.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Sailing with supreme dominion Through the azure deep of air-- without being stopped, or fretted, or diverted with the abruptnesses and petty obstacles, and discordant flats and sharps of prose, that poetry was invented.

Chapter 7 of English literary criticism by Charles Edwyn Vaughan holds 403 sentences, grouped into 81 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of English literary criticism contain?

Chapter 7 holds 403 sentences of English literary criticism, unabridged, divided into 81 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of English literary criticism by Charles Edwyn Vaughan exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 403 sentences, grouped into 81 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of English literary criticism?

Work through the 81 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 81 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading English literary criticism

Common questions about reading English literary criticism by Charles Edwyn Vaughan on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of English literary criticism?

Yes. All 3240 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #6320 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of English literary criticism is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #6320, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does English literary criticism take to read?

About 270 minutes of reading across 648 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read English literary criticism section by section

How to work through English literary criticism section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of English literary criticism to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in English literary criticism

Words and structures a reader meets early in English literary criticism, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

E-book
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English literary criticism; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Produced
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English literary criticism; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Constantine
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English literary criticism; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Juliet
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English literary criticism; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.