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English Literature for Boys and Girls
English Literature for Boys and Girls

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of English Literature for Boys and Girls is here in full — 158 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/31 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
WE are now going on two hundred years to speak of another book about Arthur.
This is Morte d'Arthur, by Sir Thomas Malory.
Up to this time all books had to be written by hand.
But in the fifteenth century printing was discovered.
This was one of the greatest things which ever happened for literature, for books then became much more plentiful and were not nearly so dear as they had been, and so many more people could afford to buy them.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

English Literature for Boys and Girls

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of English Literature for Boys and Girls is here in full — 158 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/31 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
WE are now going on two hundred years to speak of another book about Arthur.
/wiː ɑːr naʊ ˈɡoʊɪŋ ɑːn tuː ˈhʌndrəd jɪrz tuː spiːk ʌv əˈnʌðər bʊk əˈbaʊt ˈɑːrθər/
Line 2
This is Morte d'Arthur, by Sir Thomas Malory.
Line 3
Up to this time all books had to be written by hand.
/ʌp tuː ðɪs taɪm ɔːl bʊks hæd tuː biː ˈrɪtən baɪ hænd/
Line 4
But in the fifteenth century printing was discovered.
/bʌt ɪn ðə fɪfˈtiːnθ ˈsentʃəri ˈprɪntɪŋ wɑːz dɪˈskʌvərd/
Line 5
This was one of the greatest things which ever happened for literature, for books then became much more plentiful and were not nearly so dear as they had been, and so many more people could afford to buy them.
/ðɪs wɑːz wʌn ʌv ðə ˈɡreɪtəst θɪŋz wɪtʃ ˈevər ˈhæpənd fɔːr ˈlɪtərətʃər fɔːr bʊks ðen bɪˈkeɪm mʌtʃ mɔːr ˈplentəfəl ənd wɜːr nɑːt ˈnɪrli soʊ dɪr æz ðeɪ hæd bɪn ənd soʊ ˈmeni mɔːr ˈpiːpəl kʊd əˈfɔːrd tuː baɪ ðem/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

afford verb US /əˈfɔːrd/

be able to spare or give up

From this reading “This was one of the greatest things which ever happened for literature, for books then became much more plentiful and were not nearly so dear as they had been, and so many more people could afford to buy them.”

Arthur noun US /ˈɑːrθər/

elected vice president and became 21st President of the United States when Garfield was assassinated (1830-1886)

From this reading “WE are now going on two hundred years to speak of another book about Arthur.”

century noun US /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading “But in the fifteenth century printing was discovered.”

fifteenth adjective US /fɪfˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the fourteenth and just before the sixteenth in position

From this reading “But in the fifteenth century printing was discovered.”

literature noun US /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading “This was one of the greatest things which ever happened for literature, for books then became much more plentiful and were not nearly so dear as they had been, and so many more people could afford to buy them.”

plentiful adjective US /ˈplentəfəl/

existing in great number or quantity

From this reading “This was one of the greatest things which ever happened for literature, for books then became much more plentiful and were not nearly so dear as they had been, and so many more people could afford to buy them.”

printing noun US /ˈprɪntɪŋ/

text handwritten in the style of printed matter

From this reading “But in the fifteenth century printing was discovered.”

Thomas noun US /ˈtɑːməs/

United States clockmaker who introduced mass production (1785-1859)

From this reading “This is Morte d'Arthur, by Sir Thomas Malory.”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading WE are now going on two hundred years to speak of another book about Arthur.

affordverbUS /əˈfɔːrd/

be able to spare or give up

From this reading This was one of the greatest things which ever happened for literature, for books then became much more plentiful and were not nearly so dear as they had been, and so many more people could afford to buy them.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Up to this time all books had to be written by hand.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading This was one of the greatest things which ever happened for literature, for books then became much more plentiful and were not nearly so dear as they had been, and so many more people could afford to buy them.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading WE are now going on two hundred years to speak of another book about Arthur.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading WE are now going on two hundred years to speak of another book about Arthur.

ArthurnounUS /ˈɑːrθər/

elected vice president and became 21st President of the United States when Garfield was assassinated (1830-1886)

From this reading WE are now going on two hundred years to speak of another book about Arthur.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading This was one of the greatest things which ever happened for literature, for books then became much more plentiful and were not nearly so dear as they had been, and so many more people could afford to buy them.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Up to this time all books had to be written by hand.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading This was one of the greatest things which ever happened for literature, for books then became much more plentiful and were not nearly so dear as they had been, and so many more people could afford to buy them.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading This was one of the greatest things which ever happened for literature, for books then became much more plentiful and were not nearly so dear as they had been, and so many more people could afford to buy them.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading WE are now going on two hundred years to speak of another book about Arthur.

booksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading Up to this time all books had to be written by hand.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But in the fifteenth century printing was discovered.

buyverbUS /baɪ/

obtain by purchase; acquire by means of a financial transaction

From this reading This was one of the greatest things which ever happened for literature, for books then became much more plentiful and were not nearly so dear as they had been, and so many more people could afford to buy them.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading This is Morte d'Arthur, by Sir Thomas Malory.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading But in the fifteenth century printing was discovered.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading This was one of the greatest things which ever happened for literature, for books then became much more plentiful and were not nearly so dear as they had been, and so many more people could afford to buy them.

d'Arthur

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This is Morte d'Arthur, by Sir Thomas Malory.

dearadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading This was one of the greatest things which ever happened for literature, for books then became much more plentiful and were not nearly so dear as they had been, and so many more people could afford to buy them.

discoveredadjectiveUS /dɪˈskʌvərd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading But in the fifteenth century printing was discovered.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading This was one of the greatest things which ever happened for literature, for books then became much more plentiful and were not nearly so dear as they had been, and so many more people could afford to buy them.

fifteenthadjectiveUS /fɪfˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the fourteenth and just before the sixteenth in position

From this reading But in the fifteenth century printing was discovered.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading This was one of the greatest things which ever happened for literature, for books then became much more plentiful and were not nearly so dear as they had been, and so many more people could afford to buy them.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading WE are now going on two hundred years to speak of another book about Arthur.

greatestadjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtəst/

highest in quality

From this reading This was one of the greatest things which ever happened for literature, for books then became much more plentiful and were not nearly so dear as they had been, and so many more people could afford to buy them.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Up to this time all books had to be written by hand.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading Up to this time all books had to be written by hand.

happenedverbUS /ˈhæpənd/

past form of “happen” — come to pass

From this reading This was one of the greatest things which ever happened for literature, for books then became much more plentiful and were not nearly so dear as they had been, and so many more people could afford to buy them.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading WE are now going on two hundred years to speak of another book about Arthur.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading But in the fifteenth century printing was discovered.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This is Morte d'Arthur, by Sir Thomas Malory.

literaturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading This was one of the greatest things which ever happened for literature, for books then became much more plentiful and were not nearly so dear as they had been, and so many more people could afford to buy them.

Malorynoun

English writer who published a translation of romances about King Arthur taken from French and other sources (died in 1471)

From this reading This is Morte d'Arthur, by Sir Thomas Malory.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading This was one of the greatest things which ever happened for literature, for books then became much more plentiful and were not nearly so dear as they had been, and so many more people could afford to buy them.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading This was one of the greatest things which ever happened for literature, for books then became much more plentiful and were not nearly so dear as they had been, and so many more people could afford to buy them.

Morte

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This is Morte d'Arthur, by Sir Thomas Malory.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading This was one of the greatest things which ever happened for literature, for books then became much more plentiful and were not nearly so dear as they had been, and so many more people could afford to buy them.

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading This was one of the greatest things which ever happened for literature, for books then became much more plentiful and were not nearly so dear as they had been, and so many more people could afford to buy them.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading This was one of the greatest things which ever happened for literature, for books then became much more plentiful and were not nearly so dear as they had been, and so many more people could afford to buy them.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading WE are now going on two hundred years to speak of another book about Arthur.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading WE are now going on two hundred years to speak of another book about Arthur.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading WE are now going on two hundred years to speak of another book about Arthur.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading This was one of the greatest things which ever happened for literature, for books then became much more plentiful and were not nearly so dear as they had been, and so many more people could afford to buy them.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading This was one of the greatest things which ever happened for literature, for books then became much more plentiful and were not nearly so dear as they had been, and so many more people could afford to buy them.

plentifuladjectiveUS /ˈplentəfəl/

existing in great number or quantity

From this reading This was one of the greatest things which ever happened for literature, for books then became much more plentiful and were not nearly so dear as they had been, and so many more people could afford to buy them.

printingnounUS /ˈprɪntɪŋ/

text handwritten in the style of printed matter

From this reading But in the fifteenth century printing was discovered.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading This is Morte d'Arthur, by Sir Thomas Malory.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading This was one of the greatest things which ever happened for literature, for books then became much more plentiful and were not nearly so dear as they had been, and so many more people could afford to buy them.

speakverbUS /spiːk/

express in speech

From this reading WE are now going on two hundred years to speak of another book about Arthur.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading But in the fifteenth century printing was discovered.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading This was one of the greatest things which ever happened for literature, for books then became much more plentiful and were not nearly so dear as they had been, and so many more people could afford to buy them.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading This was one of the greatest things which ever happened for literature, for books then became much more plentiful and were not nearly so dear as they had been, and so many more people could afford to buy them.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading This was one of the greatest things which ever happened for literature, for books then became much more plentiful and were not nearly so dear as they had been, and so many more people could afford to buy them.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading This was one of the greatest things which ever happened for literature, for books then became much more plentiful and were not nearly so dear as they had been, and so many more people could afford to buy them.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This is Morte d'Arthur, by Sir Thomas Malory.

ThomasnounUS /ˈtɑːməs/

United States clockmaker who introduced mass production (1785-1859)

From this reading This is Morte d'Arthur, by Sir Thomas Malory.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Up to this time all books had to be written by hand.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading WE are now going on two hundred years to speak of another book about Arthur.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading WE are now going on two hundred years to speak of another book about Arthur.

UpadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Up to this time all books had to be written by hand.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But in the fifteenth century printing was discovered.

WEpronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading WE are now going on two hundred years to speak of another book about Arthur.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading This was one of the greatest things which ever happened for literature, for books then became much more plentiful and were not nearly so dear as they had been, and so many more people could afford to buy them.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading This was one of the greatest things which ever happened for literature, for books then became much more plentiful and were not nearly so dear as they had been, and so many more people could afford to buy them.

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading Up to this time all books had to be written by hand.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading WE are now going on two hundred years to speak of another book about Arthur.

Chapter 4 of English Literature for Boys and Girls by H. E. (Henrietta Elizabeth) Marshall holds 158 sentences, grouped into 32 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of English Literature for Boys and Girls contain?

Chapter 4 holds 158 sentences of English Literature for Boys and Girls, unabridged, divided into 32 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of English Literature for Boys and Girls by H. E. (Henrietta Elizabeth) Marshall exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 158 sentences, grouped into 32 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of English Literature for Boys and Girls?

Work through the 32 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 32 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading English Literature for Boys and Girls

Common questions about reading English Literature for Boys and Girls by H. E. (Henrietta Elizabeth) Marshall on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of English Literature for Boys and Girls?

Yes. All 10405 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #5725 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of English Literature for Boys and Girls is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5725, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does English Literature for Boys and Girls take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2081 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read English Literature for Boys and Girls section by section

How to work through English Literature for Boys and Girls section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of English Literature for Boys and Girls to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in English Literature for Boys and Girls

Words and structures a reader meets early in English Literature for Boys and Girls, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Earliest
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Literature for Boys and Girls; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Literature
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Literature for Boys and Girls; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
History
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Literature for Boys and Girls; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Poetry
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Literature for Boys and Girls; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.