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English Literature for Boys and Girls
English Literature for Boys and Girls

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of English Literature for Boys and Girls is here in full — 350 sentences across 70 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/70 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
IN the beginnings of our literature there were two men who, we might say, were the fountain-heads.
These were the gay minstrel abroad in the world singing in hall and market-place, and the patient monk at work in cell or cloister.
And as year by year our literature grew, strengthened and broadened, we might say it flowed on in two streams.
It flowed in two streams which were ever joining, mingling, separating again, for the monk and the minstrel spoke to man each in his own way.
The monk made his appeal to the eye as with patient care he copied, painted and made his manuscript beautiful with gold and colors.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

English Literature for Boys and Girls

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of English Literature for Boys and Girls is here in full — 350 sentences across 70 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/70 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
IN the beginnings of our literature there were two men who, we might say, were the fountain-heads.
Line 2
These were the gay minstrel abroad in the world singing in hall and market-place, and the patient monk at work in cell or cloister.
Line 3
And as year by year our literature grew, strengthened and broadened, we might say it flowed on in two streams.
/ənd æz jɪr baɪ jɪr ˈaʊər ˈlɪtərətʃər ɡruː ˈstreŋθənd ənd ˈbrɔːdənd wiː maɪt seɪ ɪt floʊd ɑːn ɪn tuː striːmz/
Line 4
It flowed in two streams which were ever joining, mingling, separating again, for the monk and the minstrel spoke to man each in his own way.
/ɪt floʊd ɪn tuː striːmz wɪtʃ wɜːr ˈevər ˈdʒɔɪnɪŋ ˈmɪŋɡəlɪŋ ˈsepəreɪtɪŋ əˈɡen fɔːr ðə mʌŋk ənd ðə ˈmɪnstrəl spoʊk tuː mæn iːtʃ ɪn hɪz oʊn weɪ/
Line 5
The monk made his appeal to the eye as with patient care he copied, painted and made his manuscript beautiful with gold and colors.
/ðə mʌŋk meɪd hɪz əˈpiːl tuː ðə aɪ æz wɪð ˈpeɪʃənt ker hiː ˈkɑːpid ˈpeɪntɪd ənd meɪd hɪz ˈmæn.jə.skrɪpt ˈbjuːtəfəl wɪð ɡoʊld ənd ˈkʌlərz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

beginnings noun US /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋz/

plural of “beginning” — the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading “IN the beginnings of our literature there were two men who, we might say, were the fountain-heads.”

broadened verb US /ˈbrɔːdənd/

past form of “broaden” — make broader

From this reading “And as year by year our literature grew, strengthened and broadened, we might say it flowed on in two streams.”

cloister verb US /ˈklɔɪstər/

surround with a cloister, as of a garden

From this reading “These were the gay minstrel abroad in the world singing in hall and market-place, and the patient monk at work in cell or cloister.”

copied verb US /ˈkɑːpid/

inflected form of “copy” — copy down as is

From this reading “The monk made his appeal to the eye as with patient care he copied, painted and made his manuscript beautiful with gold and colors.”

joining noun US /ˈdʒɔɪnɪŋ/

the act of bringing two things into contact (especially for communication)

From this reading “It flowed in two streams which were ever joining, mingling, separating again, for the monk and the minstrel spoke to man each in his own way.”

mingling noun US /ˈmɪŋɡəlɪŋ/

the action of people mingling and coming into contact

From this reading “It flowed in two streams which were ever joining, mingling, separating again, for the monk and the minstrel spoke to man each in his own way.”

minstrel noun US /ˈmɪnstrəl/

a singer of folk songs

From this reading “These were the gay minstrel abroad in the world singing in hall and market-place, and the patient monk at work in cell or cloister.”

separating verb US /ˈsepəreɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “separate” — act as a barrier between; stand between

From this reading “It flowed in two streams which were ever joining, mingling, separating again, for the monk and the minstrel spoke to man each in his own way.”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

abroadadverbUS /əˈbrɔːd/

to or in a foreign country

From this reading These were the gay minstrel abroad in the world singing in hall and market-place, and the patient monk at work in cell or cloister.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading It flowed in two streams which were ever joining, mingling, separating again, for the monk and the minstrel spoke to man each in his own way.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading These were the gay minstrel abroad in the world singing in hall and market-place, and the patient monk at work in cell or cloister.

appealverbUS /əˈpiːl/

take a court case to a higher court for review

From this reading The monk made his appeal to the eye as with patient care he copied, painted and made his manuscript beautiful with gold and colors.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading And as year by year our literature grew, strengthened and broadened, we might say it flowed on in two streams.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading These were the gay minstrel abroad in the world singing in hall and market-place, and the patient monk at work in cell or cloister.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading The monk made his appeal to the eye as with patient care he copied, painted and made his manuscript beautiful with gold and colors.

beginningsnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋz/

plural of “beginning” — the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading IN the beginnings of our literature there were two men who, we might say, were the fountain-heads.

broadenedverbUS /ˈbrɔːdənd/

past form of “broaden” — make broader

From this reading And as year by year our literature grew, strengthened and broadened, we might say it flowed on in two streams.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading And as year by year our literature grew, strengthened and broadened, we might say it flowed on in two streams.

carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading The monk made his appeal to the eye as with patient care he copied, painted and made his manuscript beautiful with gold and colors.

cellnounUS /sel/

A small stone room in a prison where an inmate is locked behind iron bars.

From this reading These were the gay minstrel abroad in the world singing in hall and market-place, and the patient monk at work in cell or cloister.

cloisterverbUS /ˈklɔɪstər/

surround with a cloister, as of a garden

From this reading These were the gay minstrel abroad in the world singing in hall and market-place, and the patient monk at work in cell or cloister.

colorsnounUS /ˈkʌlərz/

a flag that shows its nationality

From this reading The monk made his appeal to the eye as with patient care he copied, painted and made his manuscript beautiful with gold and colors.

copiedverbUS /ˈkɑːpid/

inflected form of “copy” — copy down as is

From this reading The monk made his appeal to the eye as with patient care he copied, painted and made his manuscript beautiful with gold and colors.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading It flowed in two streams which were ever joining, mingling, separating again, for the monk and the minstrel spoke to man each in his own way.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading It flowed in two streams which were ever joining, mingling, separating again, for the monk and the minstrel spoke to man each in his own way.

eyenounUS /aɪ/

the organ of sight

From this reading The monk made his appeal to the eye as with patient care he copied, painted and made his manuscript beautiful with gold and colors.

flowedverbUS /floʊd/

past form of “flow” — move or progress freely as if in a stream

From this reading And as year by year our literature grew, strengthened and broadened, we might say it flowed on in two streams.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It flowed in two streams which were ever joining, mingling, separating again, for the monk and the minstrel spoke to man each in his own way.

fountain-heads

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading IN the beginnings of our literature there were two men who, we might say, were the fountain-heads.

gayadjectiveUS /ɡeɪ/

bright and pleasant; promoting a feeling of cheer

From this reading These were the gay minstrel abroad in the world singing in hall and market-place, and the patient monk at work in cell or cloister.

goldnounUS /ɡoʊld/

coins made of gold

From this reading The monk made his appeal to the eye as with patient care he copied, painted and made his manuscript beautiful with gold and colors.

grewverbUS /ɡruː/

inflected form of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading And as year by year our literature grew, strengthened and broadened, we might say it flowed on in two streams.

hallnounUS /hɔːl/

an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open

From this reading These were the gay minstrel abroad in the world singing in hall and market-place, and the patient monk at work in cell or cloister.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The monk made his appeal to the eye as with patient care he copied, painted and made his manuscript beautiful with gold and colors.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading It flowed in two streams which were ever joining, mingling, separating again, for the monk and the minstrel spoke to man each in his own way.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading IN the beginnings of our literature there were two men who, we might say, were the fountain-heads.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading And as year by year our literature grew, strengthened and broadened, we might say it flowed on in two streams.

joiningnounUS /ˈdʒɔɪnɪŋ/

the act of bringing two things into contact (especially for communication)

From this reading It flowed in two streams which were ever joining, mingling, separating again, for the monk and the minstrel spoke to man each in his own way.

literaturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading IN the beginnings of our literature there were two men who, we might say, were the fountain-heads.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The monk made his appeal to the eye as with patient care he copied, painted and made his manuscript beautiful with gold and colors.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading It flowed in two streams which were ever joining, mingling, separating again, for the monk and the minstrel spoke to man each in his own way.

manuscriptnounUS /ˈmæn.jə.skrɪpt/

A book, document, or piece of music written by hand rather than typed or printed.

From this reading The monk made his appeal to the eye as with patient care he copied, painted and made his manuscript beautiful with gold and colors.

market-place

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These were the gay minstrel abroad in the world singing in hall and market-place, and the patient monk at work in cell or cloister.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading IN the beginnings of our literature there were two men who, we might say, were the fountain-heads.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading IN the beginnings of our literature there were two men who, we might say, were the fountain-heads.

minglingnounUS /ˈmɪŋɡəlɪŋ/

the action of people mingling and coming into contact

From this reading It flowed in two streams which were ever joining, mingling, separating again, for the monk and the minstrel spoke to man each in his own way.

minstrelnounUS /ˈmɪnstrəl/

a singer of folk songs

From this reading These were the gay minstrel abroad in the world singing in hall and market-place, and the patient monk at work in cell or cloister.

monknounUS /mʌŋk/

a male religious living in a cloister and devoting himself to contemplation and prayer and work

From this reading These were the gay minstrel abroad in the world singing in hall and market-place, and the patient monk at work in cell or cloister.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading IN the beginnings of our literature there were two men who, we might say, were the fountain-heads.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading And as year by year our literature grew, strengthened and broadened, we might say it flowed on in two streams.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading These were the gay minstrel abroad in the world singing in hall and market-place, and the patient monk at work in cell or cloister.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading IN the beginnings of our literature there were two men who, we might say, were the fountain-heads.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading It flowed in two streams which were ever joining, mingling, separating again, for the monk and the minstrel spoke to man each in his own way.

paintedadjectiveUS /ˈpeɪntɪd/

coated with paint

From this reading The monk made his appeal to the eye as with patient care he copied, painted and made his manuscript beautiful with gold and colors.

patientnounUS /ˈpeɪʃənt/

a person who requires medical care

From this reading These were the gay minstrel abroad in the world singing in hall and market-place, and the patient monk at work in cell or cloister.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading IN the beginnings of our literature there were two men who, we might say, were the fountain-heads.

separatingverbUS /ˈsepəreɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “separate” — act as a barrier between; stand between

From this reading It flowed in two streams which were ever joining, mingling, separating again, for the monk and the minstrel spoke to man each in his own way.

singingnounUS /ˈsɪŋɪŋ/

the act of singing vocal music

From this reading These were the gay minstrel abroad in the world singing in hall and market-place, and the patient monk at work in cell or cloister.

spokenounUS /spoʊk/

support consisting of a radial member of a wheel joining the hub to the rim

From this reading It flowed in two streams which were ever joining, mingling, separating again, for the monk and the minstrel spoke to man each in his own way.

streamsnounUS /striːmz/

plural of “stream” — a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth

From this reading And as year by year our literature grew, strengthened and broadened, we might say it flowed on in two streams.

strengthenedadjectiveUS /ˈstreŋθənd/

given added strength or support

From this reading And as year by year our literature grew, strengthened and broadened, we might say it flowed on in two streams.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading IN the beginnings of our literature there were two men who, we might say, were the fountain-heads.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading IN the beginnings of our literature there were two men who, we might say, were the fountain-heads.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These were the gay minstrel abroad in the world singing in hall and market-place, and the patient monk at work in cell or cloister.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It flowed in two streams which were ever joining, mingling, separating again, for the monk and the minstrel spoke to man each in his own way.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading IN the beginnings of our literature there were two men who, we might say, were the fountain-heads.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading It flowed in two streams which were ever joining, mingling, separating again, for the monk and the minstrel spoke to man each in his own way.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading IN the beginnings of our literature there were two men who, we might say, were the fountain-heads.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading IN the beginnings of our literature there were two men who, we might say, were the fountain-heads.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It flowed in two streams which were ever joining, mingling, separating again, for the monk and the minstrel spoke to man each in his own way.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading IN the beginnings of our literature there were two men who, we might say, were the fountain-heads.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The monk made his appeal to the eye as with patient care he copied, painted and made his manuscript beautiful with gold and colors.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading These were the gay minstrel abroad in the world singing in hall and market-place, and the patient monk at work in cell or cloister.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading These were the gay minstrel abroad in the world singing in hall and market-place, and the patient monk at work in cell or cloister.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading And as year by year our literature grew, strengthened and broadened, we might say it flowed on in two streams.

Chapter 21 of English Literature for Boys and Girls by H. E. (Henrietta Elizabeth) Marshall holds 350 sentences, grouped into 70 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of English Literature for Boys and Girls contain?

Chapter 21 holds 350 sentences of English Literature for Boys and Girls, unabridged, divided into 70 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of English Literature for Boys and Girls by H. E. (Henrietta Elizabeth) Marshall exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 350 sentences, grouped into 70 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of English Literature for Boys and Girls?

Work through the 70 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 70 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading English Literature for Boys and Girls

Common questions about reading English Literature for Boys and Girls by H. E. (Henrietta Elizabeth) Marshall on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of English Literature for Boys and Girls?

Yes. All 10405 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #5725 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of English Literature for Boys and Girls is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5725, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does English Literature for Boys and Girls take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2081 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read English Literature for Boys and Girls section by section

How to work through English Literature for Boys and Girls section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of English Literature for Boys and Girls to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in English Literature for Boys and Girls

Words and structures a reader meets early in English Literature for Boys and Girls, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Earliest
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Literature for Boys and Girls; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Literature
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Literature for Boys and Girls; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
History
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Literature for Boys and Girls; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Poetry
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Literature for Boys and Girls; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.