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English Literature: Modern
English Literature: Modern

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of English Literature: Modern is here in full — 255 sentences across 51 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/51 · 5 lines
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ELIZABETHAN POETRY AND PROSE (1) To understand Elizabethan literature it is necessary to remember that the social status it enjoyed was far different from that of literature in our own day.
The splendours of the Medicis in Italy had set up an ideal of courtliness, in which letters formed an integral and indispensable part.
For the Renaissance, the man of letters was only one aspect of the gentleman, and the true gentleman, as books so early and late respectively as Castiglione's _Courtier_ and Peacham's _Complete Gentleman_ show, numbered poetry as a necessary part of his accomplishments.
In England special circumstances intensified this tendency of the time.
The queen was unmarried: she was the first single woman to wear the English crown, and her vanity made her value the devotion of the men about her as something more intimate than mere loyalty or patriotism.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

English Literature: Modern

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of English Literature: Modern is here in full — 255 sentences across 51 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/51 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ELIZABETHAN POETRY AND PROSE (1) To understand Elizabethan literature it is necessary to remember that the social status it enjoyed was far different from that of literature in our own day.
Line 2
The splendours of the Medicis in Italy had set up an ideal of courtliness, in which letters formed an integral and indispensable part.
Line 3
For the Renaissance, the man of letters was only one aspect of the gentleman, and the true gentleman, as books so early and late respectively as Castiglione's _Courtier_ and Peacham's _Complete Gentleman_ show, numbered poetry as a necessary part of his accomplishments.
Line 4
In England special circumstances intensified this tendency of the time.
/ɪn ˈɪŋɡlənd ˈspeʃəl ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz ɪnˈtensəfaɪd ðɪs ˈtendənsi ʌv ðə taɪm/
Line 5
The queen was unmarried: she was the first single woman to wear the English crown, and her vanity made her value the devotion of the men about her as something more intimate than mere loyalty or patriotism.
/ðə kwiːn wɑːz ənˈmerid ʃiː wɑːz ðə fɜːrst ˈsɪŋɡəl ˈwʊmən tuː wer ðə ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ kraʊn ənd hɜːr ˈvænəti meɪd hɜːr ˈvæljuː ðə dɪˈvoʊʃən ʌv ðə men əˈbaʊt hɜːr æz ˈsʌmθɪŋ mɔːr ˈɪntəmət ðæn mɪr ˈlɔɪəlti ɔːr ˈpeɪtriətɪzəm/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

accomplishments noun US /əˈkɑːmplɪʃmənts/

plural of “accomplishment” — the action of accomplishing something

From this reading “For the Renaissance, the man of letters was only one aspect of the gentleman, and the true gentleman, as books so early and late respectively as Castiglione's _Courtier_ and Peacham's _Complete Gentleman_ show, numbered poetry as a necessary part of his accomplishments.”

elizabethan noun US /ˌelɪzəˈbiːθən/

a person who lived during the reign of Elizabeth I

From this reading “ELIZABETHAN POETRY AND PROSE (1) To understand Elizabethan literature it is necessary to remember that the social status it enjoyed was far different from that of literature in our own day.”

integral adjective US /ˈɪntəɡrəl/

existing as an essential constituent or characteristic

From this reading “The splendours of the Medicis in Italy had set up an ideal of courtliness, in which letters formed an integral and indispensable part.”

intensified adjective US /ɪnˈtensəfaɪd/

made more intense

From this reading “In England special circumstances intensified this tendency of the time.”

Renaissance noun US /ˌrenəˈsɑːns/

the period of European history at the close of the Middle Ages and the rise of the modern world; a cultural rebirth from the 14th through the middle of the 17th centuries

From this reading “For the Renaissance, the man of letters was only one aspect of the gentleman, and the true gentleman, as books so early and late respectively as Castiglione's _Courtier_ and Peacham's _Complete Gentleman_ show, numbered poetry as a necessary part of his accomplishments.”

respectively adverb US /rɪˈspektɪvli/

in the order given

From this reading “For the Renaissance, the man of letters was only one aspect of the gentleman, and the true gentleman, as books so early and late respectively as Castiglione's _Courtier_ and Peacham's _Complete Gentleman_ show, numbered poetry as a necessary part of his accomplishments.”

status noun US /ˈstætəs/

the relative position or standing of things or especially persons in a society

From this reading “ELIZABETHAN POETRY AND PROSE (1) To understand Elizabethan literature it is necessary to remember that the social status it enjoyed was far different from that of literature in our own day.”

unmarried adjective US /ənˈmerid/

not married or related to the unmarried state

From this reading “The queen was unmarried: she was the first single woman to wear the English crown, and her vanity made her value the devotion of the men about her as something more intimate than mere loyalty or patriotism.”

All words in this reading · 95

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ELIZABETHAN POETRY AND PROSE (1) To understand Elizabethan literature it is necessary to remember that the social status it enjoyed was far different from that of literature in our own day.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading For the Renaissance, the man of letters was only one aspect of the gentleman, and the true gentleman, as books so early and late respectively as Castiglione's _Courtier_ and Peacham's _Complete Gentleman_ show, numbered poetry as a necessary part of his accomplishments.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The queen was unmarried: she was the first single woman to wear the English crown, and her vanity made her value the devotion of the men about her as something more intimate than mere loyalty or patriotism.

accomplishmentsnounUS /əˈkɑːmplɪʃmənts/

plural of “accomplishment” — the action of accomplishing something

From this reading For the Renaissance, the man of letters was only one aspect of the gentleman, and the true gentleman, as books so early and late respectively as Castiglione's _Courtier_ and Peacham's _Complete Gentleman_ show, numbered poetry as a necessary part of his accomplishments.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The splendours of the Medicis in Italy had set up an ideal of courtliness, in which letters formed an integral and indispensable part.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading ELIZABETHAN POETRY AND PROSE (1) To understand Elizabethan literature it is necessary to remember that the social status it enjoyed was far different from that of literature in our own day.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading For the Renaissance, the man of letters was only one aspect of the gentleman, and the true gentleman, as books so early and late respectively as Castiglione's _Courtier_ and Peacham's _Complete Gentleman_ show, numbered poetry as a necessary part of his accomplishments.

aspectnounUS /ˈæspekt/

a distinct feature or element in a problem

From this reading For the Renaissance, the man of letters was only one aspect of the gentleman, and the true gentleman, as books so early and late respectively as Castiglione's _Courtier_ and Peacham's _Complete Gentleman_ show, numbered poetry as a necessary part of his accomplishments.

booksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading For the Renaissance, the man of letters was only one aspect of the gentleman, and the true gentleman, as books so early and late respectively as Castiglione's _Courtier_ and Peacham's _Complete Gentleman_ show, numbered poetry as a necessary part of his accomplishments.

Castiglione's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the Renaissance, the man of letters was only one aspect of the gentleman, and the true gentleman, as books so early and late respectively as Castiglione's _Courtier_ and Peacham's _Complete Gentleman_ show, numbered poetry as a necessary part of his accomplishments.

circumstancesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading In England special circumstances intensified this tendency of the time.

CompleteverbUS /kəmˈpliːt/

come or bring to a finish or an end

From this reading For the Renaissance, the man of letters was only one aspect of the gentleman, and the true gentleman, as books so early and late respectively as Castiglione's _Courtier_ and Peacham's _Complete Gentleman_ show, numbered poetry as a necessary part of his accomplishments.

CourtiernounUS /ˈkɔːrtiər/

an attendant at the court of a sovereign

From this reading For the Renaissance, the man of letters was only one aspect of the gentleman, and the true gentleman, as books so early and late respectively as Castiglione's _Courtier_ and Peacham's _Complete Gentleman_ show, numbered poetry as a necessary part of his accomplishments.

courtlinessnoun

elegance suggestive of a royal court

From this reading The splendours of the Medicis in Italy had set up an ideal of courtliness, in which letters formed an integral and indispensable part.

crownnounUS /kraʊn/

the Crown (or the reigning monarch) as the symbol of the power and authority of a monarchy

From this reading The queen was unmarried: she was the first single woman to wear the English crown, and her vanity made her value the devotion of the men about her as something more intimate than mere loyalty or patriotism.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading ELIZABETHAN POETRY AND PROSE (1) To understand Elizabethan literature it is necessary to remember that the social status it enjoyed was far different from that of literature in our own day.

devotionnounUS /dɪˈvoʊʃən/

feelings of ardent love

From this reading The queen was unmarried: she was the first single woman to wear the English crown, and her vanity made her value the devotion of the men about her as something more intimate than mere loyalty or patriotism.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading ELIZABETHAN POETRY AND PROSE (1) To understand Elizabethan literature it is necessary to remember that the social status it enjoyed was far different from that of literature in our own day.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading For the Renaissance, the man of letters was only one aspect of the gentleman, and the true gentleman, as books so early and late respectively as Castiglione's _Courtier_ and Peacham's _Complete Gentleman_ show, numbered poetry as a necessary part of his accomplishments.

ELIZABETHANnounUS /ˌelɪzəˈbiːθən/

a person who lived during the reign of Elizabeth I

From this reading ELIZABETHAN POETRY AND PROSE (1) To understand Elizabethan literature it is necessary to remember that the social status it enjoyed was far different from that of literature in our own day.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading In England special circumstances intensified this tendency of the time.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading The queen was unmarried: she was the first single woman to wear the English crown, and her vanity made her value the devotion of the men about her as something more intimate than mere loyalty or patriotism.

enjoyedverbUS /ˌenˈdʒɔɪd/

past form of “enjoy” — derive or receive pleasure from; get enjoyment from; take pleasure in

From this reading ELIZABETHAN POETRY AND PROSE (1) To understand Elizabethan literature it is necessary to remember that the social status it enjoyed was far different from that of literature in our own day.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading ELIZABETHAN POETRY AND PROSE (1) To understand Elizabethan literature it is necessary to remember that the social status it enjoyed was far different from that of literature in our own day.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The queen was unmarried: she was the first single woman to wear the English crown, and her vanity made her value the devotion of the men about her as something more intimate than mere loyalty or patriotism.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For the Renaissance, the man of letters was only one aspect of the gentleman, and the true gentleman, as books so early and late respectively as Castiglione's _Courtier_ and Peacham's _Complete Gentleman_ show, numbered poetry as a necessary part of his accomplishments.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading The splendours of the Medicis in Italy had set up an ideal of courtliness, in which letters formed an integral and indispensable part.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading ELIZABETHAN POETRY AND PROSE (1) To understand Elizabethan literature it is necessary to remember that the social status it enjoyed was far different from that of literature in our own day.

gentlemannounUS /ˈdʒentəlmən/

a man of refinement

From this reading For the Renaissance, the man of letters was only one aspect of the gentleman, and the true gentleman, as books so early and late respectively as Castiglione's _Courtier_ and Peacham's _Complete Gentleman_ show, numbered poetry as a necessary part of his accomplishments.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The splendours of the Medicis in Italy had set up an ideal of courtliness, in which letters formed an integral and indispensable part.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading The queen was unmarried: she was the first single woman to wear the English crown, and her vanity made her value the devotion of the men about her as something more intimate than mere loyalty or patriotism.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading For the Renaissance, the man of letters was only one aspect of the gentleman, and the true gentleman, as books so early and late respectively as Castiglione's _Courtier_ and Peacham's _Complete Gentleman_ show, numbered poetry as a necessary part of his accomplishments.

idealadjectiveUS /aɪˈdiːl/

conforming to an ultimate standard of perfection or excellence; embodying an ideal

From this reading The splendours of the Medicis in Italy had set up an ideal of courtliness, in which letters formed an integral and indispensable part.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading ELIZABETHAN POETRY AND PROSE (1) To understand Elizabethan literature it is necessary to remember that the social status it enjoyed was far different from that of literature in our own day.

indispensableadjectiveUS /ˌɪndɪˈspensəbəl/

not to be dispensed with; essential

From this reading The splendours of the Medicis in Italy had set up an ideal of courtliness, in which letters formed an integral and indispensable part.

integraladjectiveUS /ˈɪntəɡrəl/

existing as an essential constituent or characteristic

From this reading The splendours of the Medicis in Italy had set up an ideal of courtliness, in which letters formed an integral and indispensable part.

intensifiedadjectiveUS /ɪnˈtensəfaɪd/

made more intense

From this reading In England special circumstances intensified this tendency of the time.

intimateadjectiveUS /ˈɪntəmət/

marked by close acquaintance, association, or familiarity

From this reading The queen was unmarried: she was the first single woman to wear the English crown, and her vanity made her value the devotion of the men about her as something more intimate than mere loyalty or patriotism.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading ELIZABETHAN POETRY AND PROSE (1) To understand Elizabethan literature it is necessary to remember that the social status it enjoyed was far different from that of literature in our own day.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading ELIZABETHAN POETRY AND PROSE (1) To understand Elizabethan literature it is necessary to remember that the social status it enjoyed was far different from that of literature in our own day.

ItalynounUS /ˈɪtəli/

a republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD

From this reading The splendours of the Medicis in Italy had set up an ideal of courtliness, in which letters formed an integral and indispensable part.

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading For the Renaissance, the man of letters was only one aspect of the gentleman, and the true gentleman, as books so early and late respectively as Castiglione's _Courtier_ and Peacham's _Complete Gentleman_ show, numbered poetry as a necessary part of his accomplishments.

lettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading The splendours of the Medicis in Italy had set up an ideal of courtliness, in which letters formed an integral and indispensable part.

literaturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading ELIZABETHAN POETRY AND PROSE (1) To understand Elizabethan literature it is necessary to remember that the social status it enjoyed was far different from that of literature in our own day.

loyaltynounUS /ˈlɔɪəlti/

the quality of being loyal

From this reading The queen was unmarried: she was the first single woman to wear the English crown, and her vanity made her value the devotion of the men about her as something more intimate than mere loyalty or patriotism.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The queen was unmarried: she was the first single woman to wear the English crown, and her vanity made her value the devotion of the men about her as something more intimate than mere loyalty or patriotism.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading For the Renaissance, the man of letters was only one aspect of the gentleman, and the true gentleman, as books so early and late respectively as Castiglione's _Courtier_ and Peacham's _Complete Gentleman_ show, numbered poetry as a necessary part of his accomplishments.

Medicis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The splendours of the Medicis in Italy had set up an ideal of courtliness, in which letters formed an integral and indispensable part.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The queen was unmarried: she was the first single woman to wear the English crown, and her vanity made her value the devotion of the men about her as something more intimate than mere loyalty or patriotism.

mereadjectiveUS /mɪr/

being nothing more than specified

From this reading The queen was unmarried: she was the first single woman to wear the English crown, and her vanity made her value the devotion of the men about her as something more intimate than mere loyalty or patriotism.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The queen was unmarried: she was the first single woman to wear the English crown, and her vanity made her value the devotion of the men about her as something more intimate than mere loyalty or patriotism.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading ELIZABETHAN POETRY AND PROSE (1) To understand Elizabethan literature it is necessary to remember that the social status it enjoyed was far different from that of literature in our own day.

numberedverbUS /ˈnʌmbərd/

past form of “number” — add up in number or quantity

From this reading For the Renaissance, the man of letters was only one aspect of the gentleman, and the true gentleman, as books so early and late respectively as Castiglione's _Courtier_ and Peacham's _Complete Gentleman_ show, numbered poetry as a necessary part of his accomplishments.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading ELIZABETHAN POETRY AND PROSE (1) To understand Elizabethan literature it is necessary to remember that the social status it enjoyed was far different from that of literature in our own day.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading For the Renaissance, the man of letters was only one aspect of the gentleman, and the true gentleman, as books so early and late respectively as Castiglione's _Courtier_ and Peacham's _Complete Gentleman_ show, numbered poetry as a necessary part of his accomplishments.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading For the Renaissance, the man of letters was only one aspect of the gentleman, and the true gentleman, as books so early and late respectively as Castiglione's _Courtier_ and Peacham's _Complete Gentleman_ show, numbered poetry as a necessary part of his accomplishments.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The queen was unmarried: she was the first single woman to wear the English crown, and her vanity made her value the devotion of the men about her as something more intimate than mere loyalty or patriotism.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading ELIZABETHAN POETRY AND PROSE (1) To understand Elizabethan literature it is necessary to remember that the social status it enjoyed was far different from that of literature in our own day.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading ELIZABETHAN POETRY AND PROSE (1) To understand Elizabethan literature it is necessary to remember that the social status it enjoyed was far different from that of literature in our own day.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading The splendours of the Medicis in Italy had set up an ideal of courtliness, in which letters formed an integral and indispensable part.

patriotismnounUS /ˈpeɪtriətɪzəm/

love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it

From this reading The queen was unmarried: she was the first single woman to wear the English crown, and her vanity made her value the devotion of the men about her as something more intimate than mere loyalty or patriotism.

Peacham's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the Renaissance, the man of letters was only one aspect of the gentleman, and the true gentleman, as books so early and late respectively as Castiglione's _Courtier_ and Peacham's _Complete Gentleman_ show, numbered poetry as a necessary part of his accomplishments.

POETRYnounUS /ˈpoʊətri/

literature in metrical form

From this reading ELIZABETHAN POETRY AND PROSE (1) To understand Elizabethan literature it is necessary to remember that the social status it enjoyed was far different from that of literature in our own day.

PROSEnounUS /proʊz/

ordinary writing as distinguished from verse

From this reading ELIZABETHAN POETRY AND PROSE (1) To understand Elizabethan literature it is necessary to remember that the social status it enjoyed was far different from that of literature in our own day.

queennounUS /kwiːn/

the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs

From this reading The queen was unmarried: she was the first single woman to wear the English crown, and her vanity made her value the devotion of the men about her as something more intimate than mere loyalty or patriotism.

rememberverbUS /rɪˈmɛm.bər/

To recall to mind.

From this reading ELIZABETHAN POETRY AND PROSE (1) To understand Elizabethan literature it is necessary to remember that the social status it enjoyed was far different from that of literature in our own day.

RenaissancenounUS /ˌrenəˈsɑːns/

the period of European history at the close of the Middle Ages and the rise of the modern world; a cultural rebirth from the 14th through the middle of the 17th centuries

From this reading For the Renaissance, the man of letters was only one aspect of the gentleman, and the true gentleman, as books so early and late respectively as Castiglione's _Courtier_ and Peacham's _Complete Gentleman_ show, numbered poetry as a necessary part of his accomplishments.

respectivelyadverbUS /rɪˈspektɪvli/

in the order given

From this reading For the Renaissance, the man of letters was only one aspect of the gentleman, and the true gentleman, as books so early and late respectively as Castiglione's _Courtier_ and Peacham's _Complete Gentleman_ show, numbered poetry as a necessary part of his accomplishments.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The splendours of the Medicis in Italy had set up an ideal of courtliness, in which letters formed an integral and indispensable part.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The queen was unmarried: she was the first single woman to wear the English crown, and her vanity made her value the devotion of the men about her as something more intimate than mere loyalty or patriotism.

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading For the Renaissance, the man of letters was only one aspect of the gentleman, and the true gentleman, as books so early and late respectively as Castiglione's _Courtier_ and Peacham's _Complete Gentleman_ show, numbered poetry as a necessary part of his accomplishments.

singleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪŋɡəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading The queen was unmarried: she was the first single woman to wear the English crown, and her vanity made her value the devotion of the men about her as something more intimate than mere loyalty or patriotism.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading For the Renaissance, the man of letters was only one aspect of the gentleman, and the true gentleman, as books so early and late respectively as Castiglione's _Courtier_ and Peacham's _Complete Gentleman_ show, numbered poetry as a necessary part of his accomplishments.

socialadjectiveUS /ˈsoʊʃəl/

relating to human society and its members

From this reading ELIZABETHAN POETRY AND PROSE (1) To understand Elizabethan literature it is necessary to remember that the social status it enjoyed was far different from that of literature in our own day.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading The queen was unmarried: she was the first single woman to wear the English crown, and her vanity made her value the devotion of the men about her as something more intimate than mere loyalty or patriotism.

specialadjectiveUS /ˈspeʃəl/

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading In England special circumstances intensified this tendency of the time.

splendours

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The splendours of the Medicis in Italy had set up an ideal of courtliness, in which letters formed an integral and indispensable part.

statusnounUS /ˈstætəs/

the relative position or standing of things or especially persons in a society

From this reading ELIZABETHAN POETRY AND PROSE (1) To understand Elizabethan literature it is necessary to remember that the social status it enjoyed was far different from that of literature in our own day.

tendencynounUS /ˈtendənsi/

an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others

From this reading In England special circumstances intensified this tendency of the time.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The queen was unmarried: she was the first single woman to wear the English crown, and her vanity made her value the devotion of the men about her as something more intimate than mere loyalty or patriotism.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading ELIZABETHAN POETRY AND PROSE (1) To understand Elizabethan literature it is necessary to remember that the social status it enjoyed was far different from that of literature in our own day.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ELIZABETHAN POETRY AND PROSE (1) To understand Elizabethan literature it is necessary to remember that the social status it enjoyed was far different from that of literature in our own day.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In England special circumstances intensified this tendency of the time.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading In England special circumstances intensified this tendency of the time.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading ELIZABETHAN POETRY AND PROSE (1) To understand Elizabethan literature it is necessary to remember that the social status it enjoyed was far different from that of literature in our own day.

trueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading For the Renaissance, the man of letters was only one aspect of the gentleman, and the true gentleman, as books so early and late respectively as Castiglione's _Courtier_ and Peacham's _Complete Gentleman_ show, numbered poetry as a necessary part of his accomplishments.

understandverbUS /ˌʌndərˈstænd/

know and comprehend the nature or meaning of

From this reading ELIZABETHAN POETRY AND PROSE (1) To understand Elizabethan literature it is necessary to remember that the social status it enjoyed was far different from that of literature in our own day.

unmarriedadjectiveUS /ənˈmerid/

not married or related to the unmarried state

From this reading The queen was unmarried: she was the first single woman to wear the English crown, and her vanity made her value the devotion of the men about her as something more intimate than mere loyalty or patriotism.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The splendours of the Medicis in Italy had set up an ideal of courtliness, in which letters formed an integral and indispensable part.

valuenounUS /ˈvæljuː/

a numerical quantity measured or assigned or computed

From this reading The queen was unmarried: she was the first single woman to wear the English crown, and her vanity made her value the devotion of the men about her as something more intimate than mere loyalty or patriotism.

vanitynounUS /ˈvænəti/

feelings of excessive pride

From this reading The queen was unmarried: she was the first single woman to wear the English crown, and her vanity made her value the devotion of the men about her as something more intimate than mere loyalty or patriotism.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading ELIZABETHAN POETRY AND PROSE (1) To understand Elizabethan literature it is necessary to remember that the social status it enjoyed was far different from that of literature in our own day.

wearverbUS /wer/

be dressed in

From this reading The queen was unmarried: she was the first single woman to wear the English crown, and her vanity made her value the devotion of the men about her as something more intimate than mere loyalty or patriotism.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The splendours of the Medicis in Italy had set up an ideal of courtliness, in which letters formed an integral and indispensable part.

womannounUS /ˈwʊmən/

an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading The queen was unmarried: she was the first single woman to wear the English crown, and her vanity made her value the devotion of the men about her as something more intimate than mere loyalty or patriotism.

Chapter 2 of English Literature: Modern by G. H. (George Herbert) Mair holds 255 sentences, grouped into 51 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of English Literature: Modern contain?

Chapter 2 holds 255 sentences of English Literature: Modern, unabridged, divided into 51 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of English Literature: Modern by G. H. (George Herbert) Mair exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 255 sentences, grouped into 51 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of English Literature: Modern?

Work through the 51 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 51 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

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Which edition of English Literature: Modern is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does English Literature: Modern take to read?

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Vocabulary met early in English Literature: Modern

Words and structures a reader meets early in English Literature: Modern, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of English Literature: Modern, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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