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English Literature: Modern
English Literature: Modern

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of English Literature: Modern is here in full — 290 sentences across 58 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/58 · 5 lines
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THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY (1) With the seventeenth century the great school of imaginative writers that made glorious the last years of Elizabeth's reign, had passed away.
Spenser was dead before 1600, Sir Philip Sidney a dozen years earlier, and though Shakespeare and Drayton and many other men whom we class roughly as Elizabethan lived on to work under James, their temper and their ideals belong to the earlier day.
The seventeenth century, not in England only but in Europe, brought a new way of thinking with it, and gave a new direction to human interest and to human affairs.
It is not perhaps easy to define nor is it visible in the greater writers of the time.
Milton, for instance, and Sir Thomas Browne are both of them too big, and in their genius too far separated from their fellows to give us much clue to altered conditions.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

English Literature: Modern

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of English Literature: Modern is here in full — 290 sentences across 58 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/58 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY (1) With the seventeenth century the great school of imaginative writers that made glorious the last years of Elizabeth's reign, had passed away.
Line 2
Spenser was dead before 1600, Sir Philip Sidney a dozen years earlier, and though Shakespeare and Drayton and many other men whom we class roughly as Elizabethan lived on to work under James, their temper and their ideals belong to the earlier day.
Line 3
The seventeenth century, not in England only but in Europe, brought a new way of thinking with it, and gave a new direction to human interest and to human affairs.
/ðə ˈsevənˈtiːnθ ˈsentʃəri nɑːt ɪn ˈɪŋɡlənd ˈoʊnli bʌt ɪn ˈjʊrəp brɔːt ə nuː weɪ ʌv ˈθɪŋkɪŋ wɪð ɪt ənd ɡeɪv ə nuː dərˈekʃən tuː ˈhjuːmən ˈɪntrəst ənd tuː ˈhjuːmən əˈferz/
Line 4
It is not perhaps easy to define nor is it visible in the greater writers of the time.
/ɪt ɪz nɑːt pərˈhæps ˈiːzi tuː dɪˈfaɪn nɔːr ɪz ɪt ˈvɪzəbəl ɪn ðə ˈɡreɪtər ˈraɪtərz ʌv ðə taɪm/
Line 5
Milton, for instance, and Sir Thomas Browne are both of them too big, and in their genius too far separated from their fellows to give us much clue to altered conditions.
/ˈmɪltən fɔːr ˈɪnstəns ənd sɜːr ˈtɑːməs braʊn ɑːr boʊθ ʌv ðem tuː bɪɡ ənd ɪn ðer ˈdʒiːnjəs tuː fɑːr ˈsepəreɪtɪd frʌm ðer ˈfeloʊz tuː ɡɪv ʌs mʌtʃ kluː tuː ˈɔːltərd kənˈdɪʃənz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Browne noun US /braʊn/

English illustrator of several of Dickens' novels (1815-1882)

From this reading “Milton, for instance, and Sir Thomas Browne are both of them too big, and in their genius too far separated from their fellows to give us much clue to altered conditions.”

define verb US /dɪˈfaɪn/

determine the essential quality of

From this reading “It is not perhaps easy to define nor is it visible in the greater writers of the time.”

Elizabeth's noun US /ɪˈlɪzəbəθs/

possessive form of “elizabeth” — daughter of George VI who became the Queen of England and Northern Ireland in 1952 on the death of her father (1926-)

From this reading “THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY (1) With the seventeenth century the great school of imaginative writers that made glorious the last years of Elizabeth's reign, had passed away.”

Elizabethan noun US /ˌelɪzəˈbiːθən/

a person who lived during the reign of Elizabeth I

From this reading “Spenser was dead before 1600, Sir Philip Sidney a dozen years earlier, and though Shakespeare and Drayton and many other men whom we class roughly as Elizabethan lived on to work under James, their temper and their ideals belong to the earlier day.”

imaginative adjective US /ˌɪˈmædʒənətɪv/

(used of persons or artifacts) marked by independence and creativity in thought or action

From this reading “THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY (1) With the seventeenth century the great school of imaginative writers that made glorious the last years of Elizabeth's reign, had passed away.”

seventeenth adjective US /ˈsevənˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the sixteenth in position

From this reading “THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY (1) With the seventeenth century the great school of imaginative writers that made glorious the last years of Elizabeth's reign, had passed away.”

Sidney noun US /ˈsɪdni/

English poet (1554-1586)

From this reading “Spenser was dead before 1600, Sir Philip Sidney a dozen years earlier, and though Shakespeare and Drayton and many other men whom we class roughly as Elizabethan lived on to work under James, their temper and their ideals belong to the earlier day.”

Spenser noun US /ˈspensər/

English poet who wrote an allegorical romance celebrating Elizabeth I in the Spenserian stanza (1552-1599)

From this reading “Spenser was dead before 1600, Sir Philip Sidney a dozen years earlier, and though Shakespeare and Drayton and many other men whom we class roughly as Elizabethan lived on to work under James, their temper and their ideals belong to the earlier day.”

All words in this reading · 100

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY (1) With the seventeenth century the great school of imaginative writers that made glorious the last years of Elizabeth's reign, had passed away.

1600

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Spenser was dead before 1600, Sir Philip Sidney a dozen years earlier, and though Shakespeare and Drayton and many other men whom we class roughly as Elizabethan lived on to work under James, their temper and their ideals belong to the earlier day.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Spenser was dead before 1600, Sir Philip Sidney a dozen years earlier, and though Shakespeare and Drayton and many other men whom we class roughly as Elizabethan lived on to work under James, their temper and their ideals belong to the earlier day.

affairsnounUS /əˈferz/

matters of personal concern

From this reading The seventeenth century, not in England only but in Europe, brought a new way of thinking with it, and gave a new direction to human interest and to human affairs.

alteredadjectiveUS /ˈɔːltərd/

changed in form or character without becoming something else

From this reading Milton, for instance, and Sir Thomas Browne are both of them too big, and in their genius too far separated from their fellows to give us much clue to altered conditions.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Spenser was dead before 1600, Sir Philip Sidney a dozen years earlier, and though Shakespeare and Drayton and many other men whom we class roughly as Elizabethan lived on to work under James, their temper and their ideals belong to the earlier day.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Milton, for instance, and Sir Thomas Browne are both of them too big, and in their genius too far separated from their fellows to give us much clue to altered conditions.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Spenser was dead before 1600, Sir Philip Sidney a dozen years earlier, and though Shakespeare and Drayton and many other men whom we class roughly as Elizabethan lived on to work under James, their temper and their ideals belong to the earlier day.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY (1) With the seventeenth century the great school of imaginative writers that made glorious the last years of Elizabeth's reign, had passed away.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Spenser was dead before 1600, Sir Philip Sidney a dozen years earlier, and though Shakespeare and Drayton and many other men whom we class roughly as Elizabethan lived on to work under James, their temper and their ideals belong to the earlier day.

belongverbUS /bɪˈlɔːŋ/

be owned by; be in the possession of

From this reading Spenser was dead before 1600, Sir Philip Sidney a dozen years earlier, and though Shakespeare and Drayton and many other men whom we class roughly as Elizabethan lived on to work under James, their temper and their ideals belong to the earlier day.

bigadjectiveUS /bɪɡ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Milton, for instance, and Sir Thomas Browne are both of them too big, and in their genius too far separated from their fellows to give us much clue to altered conditions.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading Milton, for instance, and Sir Thomas Browne are both of them too big, and in their genius too far separated from their fellows to give us much clue to altered conditions.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading The seventeenth century, not in England only but in Europe, brought a new way of thinking with it, and gave a new direction to human interest and to human affairs.

BrownenounUS /braʊn/

English illustrator of several of Dickens' novels (1815-1882)

From this reading Milton, for instance, and Sir Thomas Browne are both of them too big, and in their genius too far separated from their fellows to give us much clue to altered conditions.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The seventeenth century, not in England only but in Europe, brought a new way of thinking with it, and gave a new direction to human interest and to human affairs.

CENTURYnounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY (1) With the seventeenth century the great school of imaginative writers that made glorious the last years of Elizabeth's reign, had passed away.

classnounUS /klæs/

a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading Spenser was dead before 1600, Sir Philip Sidney a dozen years earlier, and though Shakespeare and Drayton and many other men whom we class roughly as Elizabethan lived on to work under James, their temper and their ideals belong to the earlier day.

cluenounUS /kluː/

a slight indication

From this reading Milton, for instance, and Sir Thomas Browne are both of them too big, and in their genius too far separated from their fellows to give us much clue to altered conditions.

conditionsnounUS /kənˈdɪʃənz/

the prevailing context that influences the performance or the outcome of a process

From this reading Milton, for instance, and Sir Thomas Browne are both of them too big, and in their genius too far separated from their fellows to give us much clue to altered conditions.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Spenser was dead before 1600, Sir Philip Sidney a dozen years earlier, and though Shakespeare and Drayton and many other men whom we class roughly as Elizabethan lived on to work under James, their temper and their ideals belong to the earlier day.

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading Spenser was dead before 1600, Sir Philip Sidney a dozen years earlier, and though Shakespeare and Drayton and many other men whom we class roughly as Elizabethan lived on to work under James, their temper and their ideals belong to the earlier day.

defineverbUS /dɪˈfaɪn/

determine the essential quality of

From this reading It is not perhaps easy to define nor is it visible in the greater writers of the time.

directionnounUS /dərˈekʃən/

a line leading to a place or point

From this reading The seventeenth century, not in England only but in Europe, brought a new way of thinking with it, and gave a new direction to human interest and to human affairs.

dozennounUS /ˈdʌzən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of eleven and one

From this reading Spenser was dead before 1600, Sir Philip Sidney a dozen years earlier, and though Shakespeare and Drayton and many other men whom we class roughly as Elizabethan lived on to work under James, their temper and their ideals belong to the earlier day.

Drayton

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Spenser was dead before 1600, Sir Philip Sidney a dozen years earlier, and though Shakespeare and Drayton and many other men whom we class roughly as Elizabethan lived on to work under James, their temper and their ideals belong to the earlier day.

earlieradverbUS /ˈɜːrliər/

earlier in time; previously

From this reading Spenser was dead before 1600, Sir Philip Sidney a dozen years earlier, and though Shakespeare and Drayton and many other men whom we class roughly as Elizabethan lived on to work under James, their temper and their ideals belong to the earlier day.

easyadjectiveUS /ˈiːzi/

posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading It is not perhaps easy to define nor is it visible in the greater writers of the time.

Elizabeth'snounUS /ɪˈlɪzəbəθs/

possessive form of “elizabeth” — daughter of George VI who became the Queen of England and Northern Ireland in 1952 on the death of her father (1926-)

From this reading THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY (1) With the seventeenth century the great school of imaginative writers that made glorious the last years of Elizabeth's reign, had passed away.

ElizabethannounUS /ˌelɪzəˈbiːθən/

a person who lived during the reign of Elizabeth I

From this reading Spenser was dead before 1600, Sir Philip Sidney a dozen years earlier, and though Shakespeare and Drayton and many other men whom we class roughly as Elizabethan lived on to work under James, their temper and their ideals belong to the earlier day.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading The seventeenth century, not in England only but in Europe, brought a new way of thinking with it, and gave a new direction to human interest and to human affairs.

EuropenounUS /ˈjʊrəp/

the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use “Europe” to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles

From this reading The seventeenth century, not in England only but in Europe, brought a new way of thinking with it, and gave a new direction to human interest and to human affairs.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Milton, for instance, and Sir Thomas Browne are both of them too big, and in their genius too far separated from their fellows to give us much clue to altered conditions.

fellowsnounUS /ˈfeloʊz/

plural of “fellow” — a boy or man

From this reading Milton, for instance, and Sir Thomas Browne are both of them too big, and in their genius too far separated from their fellows to give us much clue to altered conditions.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Milton, for instance, and Sir Thomas Browne are both of them too big, and in their genius too far separated from their fellows to give us much clue to altered conditions.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Milton, for instance, and Sir Thomas Browne are both of them too big, and in their genius too far separated from their fellows to give us much clue to altered conditions.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading The seventeenth century, not in England only but in Europe, brought a new way of thinking with it, and gave a new direction to human interest and to human affairs.

geniusnounUS /ˈdʒiːnjəs/

someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality

From this reading Milton, for instance, and Sir Thomas Browne are both of them too big, and in their genius too far separated from their fellows to give us much clue to altered conditions.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Milton, for instance, and Sir Thomas Browne are both of them too big, and in their genius too far separated from their fellows to give us much clue to altered conditions.

gloriousadjectiveUS /ˈɡlɔːriəs/

having or deserving or conferring glory

From this reading THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY (1) With the seventeenth century the great school of imaginative writers that made glorious the last years of Elizabeth's reign, had passed away.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY (1) With the seventeenth century the great school of imaginative writers that made glorious the last years of Elizabeth's reign, had passed away.

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading It is not perhaps easy to define nor is it visible in the greater writers of the time.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY (1) With the seventeenth century the great school of imaginative writers that made glorious the last years of Elizabeth's reign, had passed away.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading The seventeenth century, not in England only but in Europe, brought a new way of thinking with it, and gave a new direction to human interest and to human affairs.

idealsnounUS /aɪˈdiːlz/

plural of “ideal” — the idea of something that is perfect; something that one hopes to attain

From this reading Spenser was dead before 1600, Sir Philip Sidney a dozen years earlier, and though Shakespeare and Drayton and many other men whom we class roughly as Elizabethan lived on to work under James, their temper and their ideals belong to the earlier day.

imaginativeadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈmædʒənətɪv/

(used of persons or artifacts) marked by independence and creativity in thought or action

From this reading THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY (1) With the seventeenth century the great school of imaginative writers that made glorious the last years of Elizabeth's reign, had passed away.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The seventeenth century, not in England only but in Europe, brought a new way of thinking with it, and gave a new direction to human interest and to human affairs.

instancenounUS /ˈɪnstəns/

an occurrence of something

From this reading Milton, for instance, and Sir Thomas Browne are both of them too big, and in their genius too far separated from their fellows to give us much clue to altered conditions.

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading The seventeenth century, not in England only but in Europe, brought a new way of thinking with it, and gave a new direction to human interest and to human affairs.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is not perhaps easy to define nor is it visible in the greater writers of the time.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The seventeenth century, not in England only but in Europe, brought a new way of thinking with it, and gave a new direction to human interest and to human affairs.

JamesnounUS /dʒeɪmz/

a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading Spenser was dead before 1600, Sir Philip Sidney a dozen years earlier, and though Shakespeare and Drayton and many other men whom we class roughly as Elizabethan lived on to work under James, their temper and their ideals belong to the earlier day.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY (1) With the seventeenth century the great school of imaginative writers that made glorious the last years of Elizabeth's reign, had passed away.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading Spenser was dead before 1600, Sir Philip Sidney a dozen years earlier, and though Shakespeare and Drayton and many other men whom we class roughly as Elizabethan lived on to work under James, their temper and their ideals belong to the earlier day.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY (1) With the seventeenth century the great school of imaginative writers that made glorious the last years of Elizabeth's reign, had passed away.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Spenser was dead before 1600, Sir Philip Sidney a dozen years earlier, and though Shakespeare and Drayton and many other men whom we class roughly as Elizabethan lived on to work under James, their temper and their ideals belong to the earlier day.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Spenser was dead before 1600, Sir Philip Sidney a dozen years earlier, and though Shakespeare and Drayton and many other men whom we class roughly as Elizabethan lived on to work under James, their temper and their ideals belong to the earlier day.

MiltonnounUS /ˈmɪltən/

English poet; remembered primarily as the author of an epic poem describing humanity's fall from grace (1608-1674)

From this reading Milton, for instance, and Sir Thomas Browne are both of them too big, and in their genius too far separated from their fellows to give us much clue to altered conditions.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Milton, for instance, and Sir Thomas Browne are both of them too big, and in their genius too far separated from their fellows to give us much clue to altered conditions.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading The seventeenth century, not in England only but in Europe, brought a new way of thinking with it, and gave a new direction to human interest and to human affairs.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading It is not perhaps easy to define nor is it visible in the greater writers of the time.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The seventeenth century, not in England only but in Europe, brought a new way of thinking with it, and gave a new direction to human interest and to human affairs.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY (1) With the seventeenth century the great school of imaginative writers that made glorious the last years of Elizabeth's reign, had passed away.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Spenser was dead before 1600, Sir Philip Sidney a dozen years earlier, and though Shakespeare and Drayton and many other men whom we class roughly as Elizabethan lived on to work under James, their temper and their ideals belong to the earlier day.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The seventeenth century, not in England only but in Europe, brought a new way of thinking with it, and gave a new direction to human interest and to human affairs.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Spenser was dead before 1600, Sir Philip Sidney a dozen years earlier, and though Shakespeare and Drayton and many other men whom we class roughly as Elizabethan lived on to work under James, their temper and their ideals belong to the earlier day.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY (1) With the seventeenth century the great school of imaginative writers that made glorious the last years of Elizabeth's reign, had passed away.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading It is not perhaps easy to define nor is it visible in the greater writers of the time.

PhilipnounUS /ˈfɪləp/

Englishman and husband of Elizabeth II (born 1921)

From this reading Spenser was dead before 1600, Sir Philip Sidney a dozen years earlier, and though Shakespeare and Drayton and many other men whom we class roughly as Elizabethan lived on to work under James, their temper and their ideals belong to the earlier day.

reignverbUS /reɪn/

have sovereign power

From this reading THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY (1) With the seventeenth century the great school of imaginative writers that made glorious the last years of Elizabeth's reign, had passed away.

roughlyadverbUS /ˈrʌfli/

(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct

From this reading Spenser was dead before 1600, Sir Philip Sidney a dozen years earlier, and though Shakespeare and Drayton and many other men whom we class roughly as Elizabethan lived on to work under James, their temper and their ideals belong to the earlier day.

schoolnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY (1) With the seventeenth century the great school of imaginative writers that made glorious the last years of Elizabeth's reign, had passed away.

separatedadjectiveUS /ˈsepəreɪtɪd/

being or feeling set or kept apart from others

From this reading Milton, for instance, and Sir Thomas Browne are both of them too big, and in their genius too far separated from their fellows to give us much clue to altered conditions.

SEVENTEENTHadjectiveUS /ˈsevənˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the sixteenth in position

From this reading THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY (1) With the seventeenth century the great school of imaginative writers that made glorious the last years of Elizabeth's reign, had passed away.

ShakespearenounUS /ˈʃeɪkspiːr/

English poet and dramatist considered one of the greatest English writers (1564-1616)

From this reading Spenser was dead before 1600, Sir Philip Sidney a dozen years earlier, and though Shakespeare and Drayton and many other men whom we class roughly as Elizabethan lived on to work under James, their temper and their ideals belong to the earlier day.

SidneynounUS /ˈsɪdni/

English poet (1554-1586)

From this reading Spenser was dead before 1600, Sir Philip Sidney a dozen years earlier, and though Shakespeare and Drayton and many other men whom we class roughly as Elizabethan lived on to work under James, their temper and their ideals belong to the earlier day.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading Spenser was dead before 1600, Sir Philip Sidney a dozen years earlier, and though Shakespeare and Drayton and many other men whom we class roughly as Elizabethan lived on to work under James, their temper and their ideals belong to the earlier day.

SpensernounUS /ˈspensər/

English poet who wrote an allegorical romance celebrating Elizabeth I in the Spenserian stanza (1552-1599)

From this reading Spenser was dead before 1600, Sir Philip Sidney a dozen years earlier, and though Shakespeare and Drayton and many other men whom we class roughly as Elizabethan lived on to work under James, their temper and their ideals belong to the earlier day.

tempernounUS /ˈtempər/

a sudden outburst of anger

From this reading Spenser was dead before 1600, Sir Philip Sidney a dozen years earlier, and though Shakespeare and Drayton and many other men whom we class roughly as Elizabethan lived on to work under James, their temper and their ideals belong to the earlier day.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY (1) With the seventeenth century the great school of imaginative writers that made glorious the last years of Elizabeth's reign, had passed away.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY (1) With the seventeenth century the great school of imaginative writers that made glorious the last years of Elizabeth's reign, had passed away.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Spenser was dead before 1600, Sir Philip Sidney a dozen years earlier, and though Shakespeare and Drayton and many other men whom we class roughly as Elizabethan lived on to work under James, their temper and their ideals belong to the earlier day.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Milton, for instance, and Sir Thomas Browne are both of them too big, and in their genius too far separated from their fellows to give us much clue to altered conditions.

thinkingnounUS /ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/

the process of using your mind to consider something carefully

From this reading The seventeenth century, not in England only but in Europe, brought a new way of thinking with it, and gave a new direction to human interest and to human affairs.

ThomasnounUS /ˈtɑːməs/

United States clockmaker who introduced mass production (1785-1859)

From this reading Milton, for instance, and Sir Thomas Browne are both of them too big, and in their genius too far separated from their fellows to give us much clue to altered conditions.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Spenser was dead before 1600, Sir Philip Sidney a dozen years earlier, and though Shakespeare and Drayton and many other men whom we class roughly as Elizabethan lived on to work under James, their temper and their ideals belong to the earlier day.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading It is not perhaps easy to define nor is it visible in the greater writers of the time.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Spenser was dead before 1600, Sir Philip Sidney a dozen years earlier, and though Shakespeare and Drayton and many other men whom we class roughly as Elizabethan lived on to work under James, their temper and their ideals belong to the earlier day.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Milton, for instance, and Sir Thomas Browne are both of them too big, and in their genius too far separated from their fellows to give us much clue to altered conditions.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Spenser was dead before 1600, Sir Philip Sidney a dozen years earlier, and though Shakespeare and Drayton and many other men whom we class roughly as Elizabethan lived on to work under James, their temper and their ideals belong to the earlier day.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Milton, for instance, and Sir Thomas Browne are both of them too big, and in their genius too far separated from their fellows to give us much clue to altered conditions.

visibleadjectiveUS /ˈvɪzəbəl/

capable of being seen; or open to easy view

From this reading It is not perhaps easy to define nor is it visible in the greater writers of the time.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Spenser was dead before 1600, Sir Philip Sidney a dozen years earlier, and though Shakespeare and Drayton and many other men whom we class roughly as Elizabethan lived on to work under James, their temper and their ideals belong to the earlier day.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The seventeenth century, not in England only but in Europe, brought a new way of thinking with it, and gave a new direction to human interest and to human affairs.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Spenser was dead before 1600, Sir Philip Sidney a dozen years earlier, and though Shakespeare and Drayton and many other men whom we class roughly as Elizabethan lived on to work under James, their temper and their ideals belong to the earlier day.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Spenser was dead before 1600, Sir Philip Sidney a dozen years earlier, and though Shakespeare and Drayton and many other men whom we class roughly as Elizabethan lived on to work under James, their temper and their ideals belong to the earlier day.

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY (1) With the seventeenth century the great school of imaginative writers that made glorious the last years of Elizabeth's reign, had passed away.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Spenser was dead before 1600, Sir Philip Sidney a dozen years earlier, and though Shakespeare and Drayton and many other men whom we class roughly as Elizabethan lived on to work under James, their temper and their ideals belong to the earlier day.

writersnounUS /ˈraɪtərz/

plural of “writer” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY (1) With the seventeenth century the great school of imaginative writers that made glorious the last years of Elizabeth's reign, had passed away.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY (1) With the seventeenth century the great school of imaginative writers that made glorious the last years of Elizabeth's reign, had passed away.

Chapter 4 of English Literature: Modern by G. H. (George Herbert) Mair holds 290 sentences, grouped into 58 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of English Literature: Modern contain?

Chapter 4 holds 290 sentences of English Literature: Modern, unabridged, divided into 58 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of English Literature: Modern by G. H. (George Herbert) Mair exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 290 sentences, grouped into 58 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

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Chapter 1
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Chapter 3
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