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English Literature: Modern
English Literature: Modern

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of English Literature: Modern is here in full — 270 sentences across 54 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/54 · 5 lines
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THE ROMANTIC REVIVAL (1) There are two ways of approaching the periods of change and new birth in literature.
The commonest and, for all the study which it entails, the easiest, is that summed up in the phrase, literature begets literature.
Following it, you discover and weigh literary influences, the influence of poet on poet, and book on book.
You find one man harking back to earlier models in his own tongue, which an intervening age misunderstood or despised; another, turning to the contemporary literatures of neighbouring countries; another, perhaps, to the splendour and exoticism of the east.
In the matter of form and style, such a study carries you far.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

English Literature: Modern

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of English Literature: Modern is here in full — 270 sentences across 54 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/54 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE ROMANTIC REVIVAL (1) There are two ways of approaching the periods of change and new birth in literature.
Line 2
The commonest and, for all the study which it entails, the easiest, is that summed up in the phrase, literature begets literature.
Line 3
Following it, you discover and weigh literary influences, the influence of poet on poet, and book on book.
/ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ ɪt juː dɪˈskʌvər ənd weɪ ˈlɪtəreri ˈɪnfluːənsɪz ðə ˈɪnfluːəns ʌv ˈpoʊət ɑːn ˈpoʊət ənd bʊk ɑːn bʊk/
Line 4
You find one man harking back to earlier models in his own tongue, which an intervening age misunderstood or despised; another, turning to the contemporary literatures of neighbouring countries; another, perhaps, to the splendour and exoticism of the east.
Line 5
In the matter of form and style, such a study carries you far.
/ɪn ðə ˈmætər ʌv fɔːrm ənd staɪl sʌtʃ ə ˈstʌdi ˈkæriz juː fɑːr/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

begets verb US /bɪˈɡets/

third-person singular of “beget” — make (offspring) by reproduction

From this reading “The commonest and, for all the study which it entails, the easiest, is that summed up in the phrase, literature begets literature.”

easiest adjective US /ˈiːziəst/

superlative of “easy” — posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading “The commonest and, for all the study which it entails, the easiest, is that summed up in the phrase, literature begets literature.”

entails noun US /ɪnˈteɪlz/

plural of “entail” — land received by fee tail

From this reading “The commonest and, for all the study which it entails, the easiest, is that summed up in the phrase, literature begets literature.”

harking verb US /ˈhɑːrkɪŋ/

-ing form of “hark” — listen; used mostly in the imperative

From this reading “You find one man harking back to earlier models in his own tongue, which an intervening age misunderstood or despised; another, turning to the contemporary literatures of neighbouring countries; another, perhaps, to the splendour and exoticism of the east.”

intervening adjective US /ˌɪntərˈviːnɪŋ/

occurring or falling between events or points in time

From this reading “You find one man harking back to earlier models in his own tongue, which an intervening age misunderstood or despised; another, turning to the contemporary literatures of neighbouring countries; another, perhaps, to the splendour and exoticism of the east.”

models noun US /ˈmɑːdəlz/

plural of “model” — a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process

From this reading “You find one man harking back to earlier models in his own tongue, which an intervening age misunderstood or despised; another, turning to the contemporary literatures of neighbouring countries; another, perhaps, to the splendour and exoticism of the east.”

revival noun US /rɪˈvaɪvəl/

bringing again into activity and prominence

From this reading “THE ROMANTIC REVIVAL (1) There are two ways of approaching the periods of change and new birth in literature.”

summed verb US /sʌmd/

inflected form of “sum” — be a summary of

From this reading “The commonest and, for all the study which it entails, the easiest, is that summed up in the phrase, literature begets literature.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE ROMANTIC REVIVAL (1) There are two ways of approaching the periods of change and new birth in literature.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In the matter of form and style, such a study carries you far.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading You find one man harking back to earlier models in his own tongue, which an intervening age misunderstood or despised; another, turning to the contemporary literatures of neighbouring countries; another, perhaps, to the splendour and exoticism of the east.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The commonest and, for all the study which it entails, the easiest, is that summed up in the phrase, literature begets literature.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading You find one man harking back to earlier models in his own tongue, which an intervening age misunderstood or despised; another, turning to the contemporary literatures of neighbouring countries; another, perhaps, to the splendour and exoticism of the east.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE ROMANTIC REVIVAL (1) There are two ways of approaching the periods of change and new birth in literature.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading You find one man harking back to earlier models in his own tongue, which an intervening age misunderstood or despised; another, turning to the contemporary literatures of neighbouring countries; another, perhaps, to the splendour and exoticism of the east.

approachingnounUS /əˈproʊtʃɪŋ/

the event of one object coming closer to another

From this reading THE ROMANTIC REVIVAL (1) There are two ways of approaching the periods of change and new birth in literature.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading THE ROMANTIC REVIVAL (1) There are two ways of approaching the periods of change and new birth in literature.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading You find one man harking back to earlier models in his own tongue, which an intervening age misunderstood or despised; another, turning to the contemporary literatures of neighbouring countries; another, perhaps, to the splendour and exoticism of the east.

begetsverbUS /bɪˈɡets/

third-person singular of “beget” — make (offspring) by reproduction

From this reading The commonest and, for all the study which it entails, the easiest, is that summed up in the phrase, literature begets literature.

birthnounUS /bɜːrθ/

the time when something begins (especially life)

From this reading THE ROMANTIC REVIVAL (1) There are two ways of approaching the periods of change and new birth in literature.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading Following it, you discover and weigh literary influences, the influence of poet on poet, and book on book.

carriesnounUS /ˈkæriz/

plural of “carry” — the act of carrying something

From this reading In the matter of form and style, such a study carries you far.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading THE ROMANTIC REVIVAL (1) There are two ways of approaching the periods of change and new birth in literature.

commonest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The commonest and, for all the study which it entails, the easiest, is that summed up in the phrase, literature begets literature.

contemporaryadjectiveUS /kənˈtempəreri/

characteristic of the present

From this reading You find one man harking back to earlier models in his own tongue, which an intervening age misunderstood or despised; another, turning to the contemporary literatures of neighbouring countries; another, perhaps, to the splendour and exoticism of the east.

countriesnounUS /ˈkʌntriz/

plural of “country” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading You find one man harking back to earlier models in his own tongue, which an intervening age misunderstood or despised; another, turning to the contemporary literatures of neighbouring countries; another, perhaps, to the splendour and exoticism of the east.

despisedadjectiveUS /dɪˈspaɪzd/

treated with dislike or contempt

From this reading You find one man harking back to earlier models in his own tongue, which an intervening age misunderstood or despised; another, turning to the contemporary literatures of neighbouring countries; another, perhaps, to the splendour and exoticism of the east.

discoververbUS /dɪˈskʌvər/

discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

From this reading Following it, you discover and weigh literary influences, the influence of poet on poet, and book on book.

earlieradverbUS /ˈɜːrliər/

earlier in time; previously

From this reading You find one man harking back to earlier models in his own tongue, which an intervening age misunderstood or despised; another, turning to the contemporary literatures of neighbouring countries; another, perhaps, to the splendour and exoticism of the east.

easiestadjectiveUS /ˈiːziəst/

superlative of “easy” — posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading The commonest and, for all the study which it entails, the easiest, is that summed up in the phrase, literature begets literature.

eastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading You find one man harking back to earlier models in his own tongue, which an intervening age misunderstood or despised; another, turning to the contemporary literatures of neighbouring countries; another, perhaps, to the splendour and exoticism of the east.

entailsnounUS /ɪnˈteɪlz/

plural of “entail” — land received by fee tail

From this reading The commonest and, for all the study which it entails, the easiest, is that summed up in the phrase, literature begets literature.

exoticismnoun

the quality of being exotic

From this reading You find one man harking back to earlier models in his own tongue, which an intervening age misunderstood or despised; another, turning to the contemporary literatures of neighbouring countries; another, perhaps, to the splendour and exoticism of the east.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading In the matter of form and style, such a study carries you far.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading You find one man harking back to earlier models in his own tongue, which an intervening age misunderstood or despised; another, turning to the contemporary literatures of neighbouring countries; another, perhaps, to the splendour and exoticism of the east.

FollowingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading Following it, you discover and weigh literary influences, the influence of poet on poet, and book on book.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The commonest and, for all the study which it entails, the easiest, is that summed up in the phrase, literature begets literature.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading In the matter of form and style, such a study carries you far.

harkingverbUS /ˈhɑːrkɪŋ/

-ing form of “hark” — listen; used mostly in the imperative

From this reading You find one man harking back to earlier models in his own tongue, which an intervening age misunderstood or despised; another, turning to the contemporary literatures of neighbouring countries; another, perhaps, to the splendour and exoticism of the east.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading You find one man harking back to earlier models in his own tongue, which an intervening age misunderstood or despised; another, turning to the contemporary literatures of neighbouring countries; another, perhaps, to the splendour and exoticism of the east.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE ROMANTIC REVIVAL (1) There are two ways of approaching the periods of change and new birth in literature.

influencenounUS /ˈɪnfluːəns/

a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading Following it, you discover and weigh literary influences, the influence of poet on poet, and book on book.

influencesnounUS /ˈɪnfluːənsɪz/

plural of “influence” — a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading Following it, you discover and weigh literary influences, the influence of poet on poet, and book on book.

interveningadjectiveUS /ˌɪntərˈviːnɪŋ/

occurring or falling between events or points in time

From this reading You find one man harking back to earlier models in his own tongue, which an intervening age misunderstood or despised; another, turning to the contemporary literatures of neighbouring countries; another, perhaps, to the splendour and exoticism of the east.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The commonest and, for all the study which it entails, the easiest, is that summed up in the phrase, literature begets literature.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The commonest and, for all the study which it entails, the easiest, is that summed up in the phrase, literature begets literature.

literaryadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəreri/

of or relating to or characteristic of literature

From this reading Following it, you discover and weigh literary influences, the influence of poet on poet, and book on book.

literaturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading THE ROMANTIC REVIVAL (1) There are two ways of approaching the periods of change and new birth in literature.

literatures

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You find one man harking back to earlier models in his own tongue, which an intervening age misunderstood or despised; another, turning to the contemporary literatures of neighbouring countries; another, perhaps, to the splendour and exoticism of the east.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading You find one man harking back to earlier models in his own tongue, which an intervening age misunderstood or despised; another, turning to the contemporary literatures of neighbouring countries; another, perhaps, to the splendour and exoticism of the east.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading In the matter of form and style, such a study carries you far.

misunderstoodadjectiveUS /ˌmɪsəndərˈstʊd/

wrongly understood

From this reading You find one man harking back to earlier models in his own tongue, which an intervening age misunderstood or despised; another, turning to the contemporary literatures of neighbouring countries; another, perhaps, to the splendour and exoticism of the east.

modelsnounUS /ˈmɑːdəlz/

plural of “model” — a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process

From this reading You find one man harking back to earlier models in his own tongue, which an intervening age misunderstood or despised; another, turning to the contemporary literatures of neighbouring countries; another, perhaps, to the splendour and exoticism of the east.

neighbouringverbUS /ˈneɪbərɪŋ/

-ing form of “neighbour” — live or be located as a neighbor

From this reading You find one man harking back to earlier models in his own tongue, which an intervening age misunderstood or despised; another, turning to the contemporary literatures of neighbouring countries; another, perhaps, to the splendour and exoticism of the east.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading THE ROMANTIC REVIVAL (1) There are two ways of approaching the periods of change and new birth in literature.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE ROMANTIC REVIVAL (1) There are two ways of approaching the periods of change and new birth in literature.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Following it, you discover and weigh literary influences, the influence of poet on poet, and book on book.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading You find one man harking back to earlier models in his own tongue, which an intervening age misunderstood or despised; another, turning to the contemporary literatures of neighbouring countries; another, perhaps, to the splendour and exoticism of the east.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading You find one man harking back to earlier models in his own tongue, which an intervening age misunderstood or despised; another, turning to the contemporary literatures of neighbouring countries; another, perhaps, to the splendour and exoticism of the east.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading You find one man harking back to earlier models in his own tongue, which an intervening age misunderstood or despised; another, turning to the contemporary literatures of neighbouring countries; another, perhaps, to the splendour and exoticism of the east.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading You find one man harking back to earlier models in his own tongue, which an intervening age misunderstood or despised; another, turning to the contemporary literatures of neighbouring countries; another, perhaps, to the splendour and exoticism of the east.

periodsnounUS /ˈpɪriədz/

plural of “period” — an amount of time

From this reading THE ROMANTIC REVIVAL (1) There are two ways of approaching the periods of change and new birth in literature.

phrasenounUS /freɪz/

an expression consisting of one or more words forming a grammatical constituent of a sentence

From this reading The commonest and, for all the study which it entails, the easiest, is that summed up in the phrase, literature begets literature.

poetnounUS /ˈpoʊət/

a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading Following it, you discover and weigh literary influences, the influence of poet on poet, and book on book.

REVIVALnounUS /rɪˈvaɪvəl/

bringing again into activity and prominence

From this reading THE ROMANTIC REVIVAL (1) There are two ways of approaching the periods of change and new birth in literature.

ROMANTICadjectiveUS /roʊˈmæntɪk/

belonging to or characteristic of Romanticism or the Romantic Movement in the arts

From this reading THE ROMANTIC REVIVAL (1) There are two ways of approaching the periods of change and new birth in literature.

splendournoun

a quality that outshines the usual

From this reading You find one man harking back to earlier models in his own tongue, which an intervening age misunderstood or despised; another, turning to the contemporary literatures of neighbouring countries; another, perhaps, to the splendour and exoticism of the east.

studynounUS /ˈstʌdi/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading The commonest and, for all the study which it entails, the easiest, is that summed up in the phrase, literature begets literature.

stylenounUS /staɪl/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading In the matter of form and style, such a study carries you far.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading In the matter of form and style, such a study carries you far.

summedverbUS /sʌmd/

inflected form of “sum” — be a summary of

From this reading The commonest and, for all the study which it entails, the easiest, is that summed up in the phrase, literature begets literature.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The commonest and, for all the study which it entails, the easiest, is that summed up in the phrase, literature begets literature.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE ROMANTIC REVIVAL (1) There are two ways of approaching the periods of change and new birth in literature.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading THE ROMANTIC REVIVAL (1) There are two ways of approaching the periods of change and new birth in literature.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading You find one man harking back to earlier models in his own tongue, which an intervening age misunderstood or despised; another, turning to the contemporary literatures of neighbouring countries; another, perhaps, to the splendour and exoticism of the east.

tonguenounUS /tʌŋ/

a mobile mass of muscular tissue covered with mucous membrane and located in the oral cavity

From this reading You find one man harking back to earlier models in his own tongue, which an intervening age misunderstood or despised; another, turning to the contemporary literatures of neighbouring countries; another, perhaps, to the splendour and exoticism of the east.

turningnounUS /ˈtɜːrnɪŋ/

the act of changing or reversing the direction of the course

From this reading You find one man harking back to earlier models in his own tongue, which an intervening age misunderstood or despised; another, turning to the contemporary literatures of neighbouring countries; another, perhaps, to the splendour and exoticism of the east.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading THE ROMANTIC REVIVAL (1) There are two ways of approaching the periods of change and new birth in literature.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The commonest and, for all the study which it entails, the easiest, is that summed up in the phrase, literature begets literature.

waysnounUS /weɪz/

structure consisting of a sloping way down to the water from the place where ships are built or repaired

From this reading THE ROMANTIC REVIVAL (1) There are two ways of approaching the periods of change and new birth in literature.

weighverbUS /weɪ/

have a certain weight

From this reading Following it, you discover and weigh literary influences, the influence of poet on poet, and book on book.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The commonest and, for all the study which it entails, the easiest, is that summed up in the phrase, literature begets literature.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Following it, you discover and weigh literary influences, the influence of poet on poet, and book on book.

Chapter 7 of English Literature: Modern by G. H. (George Herbert) Mair holds 270 sentences, grouped into 54 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of English Literature: Modern contain?

Chapter 7 holds 270 sentences of English Literature: Modern, unabridged, divided into 54 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of English Literature: Modern by G. H. (George Herbert) Mair exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 270 sentences, grouped into 54 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of English Literature: Modern?

Work through the 54 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 54 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading English Literature: Modern

Common questions about reading English Literature: Modern by G. H. (George Herbert) Mair on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of English Literature: Modern?

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How to work through English Literature: Modern section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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Vocabulary met early in English Literature: Modern

Words and structures a reader meets early in English Literature: Modern, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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