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English Literature: Modern
English Literature: Modern

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of English Literature: Modern is here in full — 127 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/25 · 5 lines
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THE PRESENT AGE We have carried our study down to the death of Ruskin and included in it authors like Swinburne and Meredith who survived till recently; and in discussing the novel we have included men like Kipling and Hardy--living authors.
It would be possible and perhaps safer to stop there and make no attempt to bring writers later than these into our survey.
To do so is to court an easily and quickly stated objection.
One is anticipating the verdict of posterity.
How can we who are contemporaries tell whether an author's work is permanent or no?
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/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

English Literature: Modern

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of English Literature: Modern is here in full — 127 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/25 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE PRESENT AGE We have carried our study down to the death of Ruskin and included in it authors like Swinburne and Meredith who survived till recently; and in discussing the novel we have included men like Kipling and Hardy--living authors.
Line 2
It would be possible and perhaps safer to stop there and make no attempt to bring writers later than these into our survey.
/ɪt wʊd biː ˈpɑːsəbəl ənd pərˈhæps ˈseɪfər tuː stɑːp ðer ənd meɪk noʊ əˈtempt tuː brɪŋ ˈraɪtərz ˈleɪtər ðæn ðiːz ˈɪntuː ˈaʊər sərˈveɪ/
Line 3
To do so is to court an easily and quickly stated objection.
/tuː duː soʊ ɪz tuː kɔːrt æn ˈiːzəli ənd ˈkwɪkli ˈsteɪtɪd əbˈdʒekʃən/
Line 4
One is anticipating the verdict of posterity.
/wʌn ɪz ænˈtɪsəpeɪtɪŋ ðə ˈvɜːrdɪkt ʌv pɑːˈsterəti/
Line 5
How can we who are contemporaries tell whether an author's work is permanent or no?

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

anticipating verb US /ænˈtɪsəpeɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “anticipate” — regard something as probable or likely

From this reading “One is anticipating the verdict of posterity.”

author's noun US /ˈɔːθərz/

possessive form of “author” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading “How can we who are contemporaries tell whether an author's work is permanent or no?”

contemporaries noun US /kənˈtempəreriz/

all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading “How can we who are contemporaries tell whether an author's work is permanent or no?”

Kipling noun US /ˈkɪplɪŋ/

English author of novels and poetry who was born in India (1865-1936)

From this reading “THE PRESENT AGE We have carried our study down to the death of Ruskin and included in it authors like Swinburne and Meredith who survived till recently; and in discussing the novel we have included men like Kipling and Hardy--living authors.”

Meredith noun US /ˈmerɪdɪθ/

United States civil rights leader whose college registration caused riots in traditionally segregated Mississippi (born in 1933)

From this reading “THE PRESENT AGE We have carried our study down to the death of Ruskin and included in it authors like Swinburne and Meredith who survived till recently; and in discussing the novel we have included men like Kipling and Hardy--living authors.”

posterity noun US /pɑːˈsterəti/

all of the offspring of a given progenitor

From this reading “One is anticipating the verdict of posterity.”

Ruskin noun US /ˈrʌskɪn/

British art critic (1819-1900)

From this reading “THE PRESENT AGE We have carried our study down to the death of Ruskin and included in it authors like Swinburne and Meredith who survived till recently; and in discussing the novel we have included men like Kipling and Hardy--living authors.”

survived verb US /sərˈvaɪvd/

past form of “survive” — continue to live and avoid dying

From this reading “THE PRESENT AGE We have carried our study down to the death of Ruskin and included in it authors like Swinburne and Meredith who survived till recently; and in discussing the novel we have included men like Kipling and Hardy--living authors.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AGEnounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading THE PRESENT AGE We have carried our study down to the death of Ruskin and included in it authors like Swinburne and Meredith who survived till recently; and in discussing the novel we have included men like Kipling and Hardy--living authors.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading To do so is to court an easily and quickly stated objection.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE PRESENT AGE We have carried our study down to the death of Ruskin and included in it authors like Swinburne and Meredith who survived till recently; and in discussing the novel we have included men like Kipling and Hardy--living authors.

anticipatingverbUS /ænˈtɪsəpeɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “anticipate” — regard something as probable or likely

From this reading One is anticipating the verdict of posterity.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading How can we who are contemporaries tell whether an author's work is permanent or no?

attemptnounUS /əˈtempt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading It would be possible and perhaps safer to stop there and make no attempt to bring writers later than these into our survey.

author'snounUS /ˈɔːθərz/

possessive form of “author” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading How can we who are contemporaries tell whether an author's work is permanent or no?

authorsnounUS /ˈɔːθərz/

plural of “author” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading THE PRESENT AGE We have carried our study down to the death of Ruskin and included in it authors like Swinburne and Meredith who survived till recently; and in discussing the novel we have included men like Kipling and Hardy--living authors.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It would be possible and perhaps safer to stop there and make no attempt to bring writers later than these into our survey.

bringverbUS /brɪŋ/

take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading It would be possible and perhaps safer to stop there and make no attempt to bring writers later than these into our survey.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading How can we who are contemporaries tell whether an author's work is permanent or no?

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading THE PRESENT AGE We have carried our study down to the death of Ruskin and included in it authors like Swinburne and Meredith who survived till recently; and in discussing the novel we have included men like Kipling and Hardy--living authors.

contemporariesnounUS /kənˈtempəreriz/

all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading How can we who are contemporaries tell whether an author's work is permanent or no?

courtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading To do so is to court an easily and quickly stated objection.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading THE PRESENT AGE We have carried our study down to the death of Ruskin and included in it authors like Swinburne and Meredith who survived till recently; and in discussing the novel we have included men like Kipling and Hardy--living authors.

discussingverbUS /dɪˈskʌsɪŋ/

-ing form of “discuss” — to consider or examine in speech or writing

From this reading THE PRESENT AGE We have carried our study down to the death of Ruskin and included in it authors like Swinburne and Meredith who survived till recently; and in discussing the novel we have included men like Kipling and Hardy--living authors.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading To do so is to court an easily and quickly stated objection.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading THE PRESENT AGE We have carried our study down to the death of Ruskin and included in it authors like Swinburne and Meredith who survived till recently; and in discussing the novel we have included men like Kipling and Hardy--living authors.

easilyadverbUS /ˈiːzəli/

with ease (“easy” is sometimes used informally for “easily”)

From this reading To do so is to court an easily and quickly stated objection.

HardyadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːrdi/

having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships

From this reading THE PRESENT AGE We have carried our study down to the death of Ruskin and included in it authors like Swinburne and Meredith who survived till recently; and in discussing the novel we have included men like Kipling and Hardy--living authors.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading THE PRESENT AGE We have carried our study down to the death of Ruskin and included in it authors like Swinburne and Meredith who survived till recently; and in discussing the novel we have included men like Kipling and Hardy--living authors.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How can we who are contemporaries tell whether an author's work is permanent or no?

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE PRESENT AGE We have carried our study down to the death of Ruskin and included in it authors like Swinburne and Meredith who survived till recently; and in discussing the novel we have included men like Kipling and Hardy--living authors.

includedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkluːdəd/

enclosed in the same envelope or package

From this reading THE PRESENT AGE We have carried our study down to the death of Ruskin and included in it authors like Swinburne and Meredith who survived till recently; and in discussing the novel we have included men like Kipling and Hardy--living authors.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading It would be possible and perhaps safer to stop there and make no attempt to bring writers later than these into our survey.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading To do so is to court an easily and quickly stated objection.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading THE PRESENT AGE We have carried our study down to the death of Ruskin and included in it authors like Swinburne and Meredith who survived till recently; and in discussing the novel we have included men like Kipling and Hardy--living authors.

KiplingnounUS /ˈkɪplɪŋ/

English author of novels and poetry who was born in India (1865-1936)

From this reading THE PRESENT AGE We have carried our study down to the death of Ruskin and included in it authors like Swinburne and Meredith who survived till recently; and in discussing the novel we have included men like Kipling and Hardy--living authors.

lateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading It would be possible and perhaps safer to stop there and make no attempt to bring writers later than these into our survey.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading THE PRESENT AGE We have carried our study down to the death of Ruskin and included in it authors like Swinburne and Meredith who survived till recently; and in discussing the novel we have included men like Kipling and Hardy--living authors.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading THE PRESENT AGE We have carried our study down to the death of Ruskin and included in it authors like Swinburne and Meredith who survived till recently; and in discussing the novel we have included men like Kipling and Hardy--living authors.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading It would be possible and perhaps safer to stop there and make no attempt to bring writers later than these into our survey.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading THE PRESENT AGE We have carried our study down to the death of Ruskin and included in it authors like Swinburne and Meredith who survived till recently; and in discussing the novel we have included men like Kipling and Hardy--living authors.

MeredithnounUS /ˈmerɪdɪθ/

United States civil rights leader whose college registration caused riots in traditionally segregated Mississippi (born in 1933)

From this reading THE PRESENT AGE We have carried our study down to the death of Ruskin and included in it authors like Swinburne and Meredith who survived till recently; and in discussing the novel we have included men like Kipling and Hardy--living authors.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading It would be possible and perhaps safer to stop there and make no attempt to bring writers later than these into our survey.

novelnounUS /ˈnɑːvəl/

an extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story

From this reading THE PRESENT AGE We have carried our study down to the death of Ruskin and included in it authors like Swinburne and Meredith who survived till recently; and in discussing the novel we have included men like Kipling and Hardy--living authors.

objectionnounUS /əbˈdʒekʃən/

the act of expressing earnest opposition or protest

From this reading To do so is to court an easily and quickly stated objection.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE PRESENT AGE We have carried our study down to the death of Ruskin and included in it authors like Swinburne and Meredith who survived till recently; and in discussing the novel we have included men like Kipling and Hardy--living authors.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One is anticipating the verdict of posterity.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading How can we who are contemporaries tell whether an author's work is permanent or no?

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading THE PRESENT AGE We have carried our study down to the death of Ruskin and included in it authors like Swinburne and Meredith who survived till recently; and in discussing the novel we have included men like Kipling and Hardy--living authors.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading It would be possible and perhaps safer to stop there and make no attempt to bring writers later than these into our survey.

permanentadjectiveUS /ˈpɜːrmənənt/

continuing or enduring without marked change in status or condition or place

From this reading How can we who are contemporaries tell whether an author's work is permanent or no?

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading It would be possible and perhaps safer to stop there and make no attempt to bring writers later than these into our survey.

posteritynounUS /pɑːˈsterəti/

all of the offspring of a given progenitor

From this reading One is anticipating the verdict of posterity.

PRESENTverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading THE PRESENT AGE We have carried our study down to the death of Ruskin and included in it authors like Swinburne and Meredith who survived till recently; and in discussing the novel we have included men like Kipling and Hardy--living authors.

quicklyadverbUS /ˈkwɪkli/

with speed

From this reading To do so is to court an easily and quickly stated objection.

recentlyadverbUS /ˈriːsəntli/

in the recent past

From this reading THE PRESENT AGE We have carried our study down to the death of Ruskin and included in it authors like Swinburne and Meredith who survived till recently; and in discussing the novel we have included men like Kipling and Hardy--living authors.

RuskinnounUS /ˈrʌskɪn/

British art critic (1819-1900)

From this reading THE PRESENT AGE We have carried our study down to the death of Ruskin and included in it authors like Swinburne and Meredith who survived till recently; and in discussing the novel we have included men like Kipling and Hardy--living authors.

saferadjectiveUS /ˈseɪfər/

comparative of “safe” — free from danger or the risk of harm

From this reading It would be possible and perhaps safer to stop there and make no attempt to bring writers later than these into our survey.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading To do so is to court an easily and quickly stated objection.

statedadjectiveUS /ˈsteɪtɪd/

declared as fact; explicitly stated

From this reading To do so is to court an easily and quickly stated objection.

stopverbUS /stɑːp/

come to a halt, stop moving

From this reading It would be possible and perhaps safer to stop there and make no attempt to bring writers later than these into our survey.

studynounUS /ˈstʌdi/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading THE PRESENT AGE We have carried our study down to the death of Ruskin and included in it authors like Swinburne and Meredith who survived till recently; and in discussing the novel we have included men like Kipling and Hardy--living authors.

surveynounUS /sərˈveɪ/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading It would be possible and perhaps safer to stop there and make no attempt to bring writers later than these into our survey.

survivedverbUS /sərˈvaɪvd/

past form of “survive” — continue to live and avoid dying

From this reading THE PRESENT AGE We have carried our study down to the death of Ruskin and included in it authors like Swinburne and Meredith who survived till recently; and in discussing the novel we have included men like Kipling and Hardy--living authors.

Swinburnenoun

English poet (1837-1909)

From this reading THE PRESENT AGE We have carried our study down to the death of Ruskin and included in it authors like Swinburne and Meredith who survived till recently; and in discussing the novel we have included men like Kipling and Hardy--living authors.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading How can we who are contemporaries tell whether an author's work is permanent or no?

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading It would be possible and perhaps safer to stop there and make no attempt to bring writers later than these into our survey.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE PRESENT AGE We have carried our study down to the death of Ruskin and included in it authors like Swinburne and Meredith who survived till recently; and in discussing the novel we have included men like Kipling and Hardy--living authors.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading It would be possible and perhaps safer to stop there and make no attempt to bring writers later than these into our survey.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading It would be possible and perhaps safer to stop there and make no attempt to bring writers later than these into our survey.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading THE PRESENT AGE We have carried our study down to the death of Ruskin and included in it authors like Swinburne and Meredith who survived till recently; and in discussing the novel we have included men like Kipling and Hardy--living authors.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE PRESENT AGE We have carried our study down to the death of Ruskin and included in it authors like Swinburne and Meredith who survived till recently; and in discussing the novel we have included men like Kipling and Hardy--living authors.

verdictnounUS /ˈvɜːrdɪkt/

(law) the findings of a jury on issues of fact submitted to it for decision; can be used in formulating a judgment

From this reading One is anticipating the verdict of posterity.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading THE PRESENT AGE We have carried our study down to the death of Ruskin and included in it authors like Swinburne and Meredith who survived till recently; and in discussing the novel we have included men like Kipling and Hardy--living authors.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading How can we who are contemporaries tell whether an author's work is permanent or no?

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading THE PRESENT AGE We have carried our study down to the death of Ruskin and included in it authors like Swinburne and Meredith who survived till recently; and in discussing the novel we have included men like Kipling and Hardy--living authors.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading How can we who are contemporaries tell whether an author's work is permanent or no?

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading It would be possible and perhaps safer to stop there and make no attempt to bring writers later than these into our survey.

writersnounUS /ˈraɪtərz/

plural of “writer” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading It would be possible and perhaps safer to stop there and make no attempt to bring writers later than these into our survey.

Chapter 10 of English Literature: Modern by G. H. (George Herbert) Mair holds 127 sentences, grouped into 26 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of English Literature: Modern contain?

Chapter 10 holds 127 sentences of English Literature: Modern, unabridged, divided into 26 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of English Literature: Modern by G. H. (George Herbert) Mair exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 127 sentences, grouped into 26 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of English Literature: Modern?

Work through the 26 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 26 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading English Literature: Modern

Common questions about reading English Literature: Modern by G. H. (George Herbert) Mair on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of English Literature: Modern?

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Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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  1. Open a chapter

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Chapter 1
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Chapter 3
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