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English Men of Letters: Crabbe
English Men of Letters: Crabbe

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of English Men of Letters: Crabbe is here in full — 217 sentences across 44 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/43 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
FRIENDSHIP WITH BURKE (1781-1783) Thus far I have followed the guidance of Crabbe's son and biographer, but there is much that is confused and incomplete in his narrative.
The story of Crabbe's life, as told by the son, leaves us in much doubt as to the order of events in 1780-1781.
The memorable letter to Burke was, as we have seen, without a date.
The omission is not strange, for the letter was written by Crabbe in great anguish of mind, and was left by his own hand at Burke's door.
The son, though he evidently obtained from his father most of the information he was afterwards to use, never extracted this date from him.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

English Men of Letters: Crabbe

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of English Men of Letters: Crabbe is here in full — 217 sentences across 44 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/43 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
FRIENDSHIP WITH BURKE (1781-1783) Thus far I have followed the guidance of Crabbe's son and biographer, but there is much that is confused and incomplete in his narrative.
Line 2
The story of Crabbe's life, as told by the son, leaves us in much doubt as to the order of events in 1780-1781.
Line 3
The memorable letter to Burke was, as we have seen, without a date.
/ðə ˈmemərəbəl ˈletər tuː bɜːrk wɑːz æz wiː hæv siːn wɪˈθaʊt ə deɪt/
Line 4
The omission is not strange, for the letter was written by Crabbe in great anguish of mind, and was left by his own hand at Burke's door.
Line 5
The son, though he evidently obtained from his father most of the information he was afterwards to use, never extracted this date from him.
/ðə sʌn ðoʊ hiː ˈevədəntli əbˈteɪnd frʌm hɪz ˈfɑːðər moʊst ʌv ðə ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃən hiː wɑːz ˈæftərwərdz tuː juːs ˈnevər ekˈstræktɪd ðɪs deɪt frʌm hɪm/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

biographer noun US /baɪˈɑːɡrəfər/

someone who writes an account of a person's life

From this reading “FRIENDSHIP WITH BURKE (1781-1783) Thus far I have followed the guidance of Crabbe's son and biographer, but there is much that is confused and incomplete in his narrative.”

burke noun US /bɜːrk/

British statesman famous for his oratory; pleaded the cause of the American colonists in British Parliament and defended the parliamentary system (1729-1797)

From this reading “FRIENDSHIP WITH BURKE (1781-1783) Thus far I have followed the guidance of Crabbe's son and biographer, but there is much that is confused and incomplete in his narrative.”

Burke's noun US /bɜːrks/

possessive form of “burke” — British statesman famous for his oratory; pleaded the cause of the American colonists in British Parliament and defended the parliamentary system (1729-1797)

From this reading “The omission is not strange, for the letter was written by Crabbe in great anguish of mind, and was left by his own hand at Burke's door.”

extracted verb US /ekˈstræktɪd/

past form of “extract” — remove, usually with some force or effort; also used in an abstract sense

From this reading “The son, though he evidently obtained from his father most of the information he was afterwards to use, never extracted this date from him.”

guidance noun US /ˈɡaɪdəns/

something that provides direction or advice as to a decision or course of action

From this reading “FRIENDSHIP WITH BURKE (1781-1783) Thus far I have followed the guidance of Crabbe's son and biographer, but there is much that is confused and incomplete in his narrative.”

incomplete adjective US /ˌɪnkəmˈpliːt/

not complete or total; not completed

From this reading “FRIENDSHIP WITH BURKE (1781-1783) Thus far I have followed the guidance of Crabbe's son and biographer, but there is much that is confused and incomplete in his narrative.”

memorable adjective US /ˈmemərəbəl/

worth remembering

From this reading “The memorable letter to Burke was, as we have seen, without a date.”

omission noun US /oʊˈmɪʃən/

a mistake resulting from neglect

From this reading “The omission is not strange, for the letter was written by Crabbe in great anguish of mind, and was left by his own hand at Burke's door.”

All words in this reading · 76

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1780

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The story of Crabbe's life, as told by the son, leaves us in much doubt as to the order of events in 1780-1781.

1781

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FRIENDSHIP WITH BURKE (1781-1783) Thus far I have followed the guidance of Crabbe's son and biographer, but there is much that is confused and incomplete in his narrative.

1783

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FRIENDSHIP WITH BURKE (1781-1783) Thus far I have followed the guidance of Crabbe's son and biographer, but there is much that is confused and incomplete in his narrative.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The memorable letter to Burke was, as we have seen, without a date.

afterwardsadverbUS /ˈæftərwərdz/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading The son, though he evidently obtained from his father most of the information he was afterwards to use, never extracted this date from him.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading FRIENDSHIP WITH BURKE (1781-1783) Thus far I have followed the guidance of Crabbe's son and biographer, but there is much that is confused and incomplete in his narrative.

anguishnounUS /ˈæŋɡwɪʃ/

extreme mental distress

From this reading The omission is not strange, for the letter was written by Crabbe in great anguish of mind, and was left by his own hand at Burke's door.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The story of Crabbe's life, as told by the son, leaves us in much doubt as to the order of events in 1780-1781.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The omission is not strange, for the letter was written by Crabbe in great anguish of mind, and was left by his own hand at Burke's door.

biographernounUS /baɪˈɑːɡrəfər/

someone who writes an account of a person's life

From this reading FRIENDSHIP WITH BURKE (1781-1783) Thus far I have followed the guidance of Crabbe's son and biographer, but there is much that is confused and incomplete in his narrative.

BURKEnounUS /bɜːrk/

British statesman famous for his oratory; pleaded the cause of the American colonists in British Parliament and defended the parliamentary system (1729-1797)

From this reading FRIENDSHIP WITH BURKE (1781-1783) Thus far I have followed the guidance of Crabbe's son and biographer, but there is much that is confused and incomplete in his narrative.

Burke'snounUS /bɜːrks/

possessive form of “burke” — British statesman famous for his oratory; pleaded the cause of the American colonists in British Parliament and defended the parliamentary system (1729-1797)

From this reading The omission is not strange, for the letter was written by Crabbe in great anguish of mind, and was left by his own hand at Burke's door.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading FRIENDSHIP WITH BURKE (1781-1783) Thus far I have followed the guidance of Crabbe's son and biographer, but there is much that is confused and incomplete in his narrative.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The story of Crabbe's life, as told by the son, leaves us in much doubt as to the order of events in 1780-1781.

confusedadjectiveUS /kənˈfjuːzd/

perplexed by many conflicting situations or statements; filled with bewilderment

From this reading FRIENDSHIP WITH BURKE (1781-1783) Thus far I have followed the guidance of Crabbe's son and biographer, but there is much that is confused and incomplete in his narrative.

Crabbe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The omission is not strange, for the letter was written by Crabbe in great anguish of mind, and was left by his own hand at Burke's door.

Crabbe's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FRIENDSHIP WITH BURKE (1781-1783) Thus far I have followed the guidance of Crabbe's son and biographer, but there is much that is confused and incomplete in his narrative.

datenounUS /deɪt/

the specified day of the month

From this reading The memorable letter to Burke was, as we have seen, without a date.

doornounUS /dɔːr/

a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading The omission is not strange, for the letter was written by Crabbe in great anguish of mind, and was left by his own hand at Burke's door.

doubtnounUS /daʊt/

the state of being unsure of something

From this reading The story of Crabbe's life, as told by the son, leaves us in much doubt as to the order of events in 1780-1781.

eventsnounUS /ɪˈvents/

plural of “event” — something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading The story of Crabbe's life, as told by the son, leaves us in much doubt as to the order of events in 1780-1781.

evidentlyadverbUS /ˈevədəntli/

unmistakably (“plain” is often used informally for “plainly”)

From this reading The son, though he evidently obtained from his father most of the information he was afterwards to use, never extracted this date from him.

extractedverbUS /ekˈstræktɪd/

past form of “extract” — remove, usually with some force or effort; also used in an abstract sense

From this reading The son, though he evidently obtained from his father most of the information he was afterwards to use, never extracted this date from him.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading FRIENDSHIP WITH BURKE (1781-1783) Thus far I have followed the guidance of Crabbe's son and biographer, but there is much that is confused and incomplete in his narrative.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading The son, though he evidently obtained from his father most of the information he was afterwards to use, never extracted this date from him.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading FRIENDSHIP WITH BURKE (1781-1783) Thus far I have followed the guidance of Crabbe's son and biographer, but there is much that is confused and incomplete in his narrative.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The omission is not strange, for the letter was written by Crabbe in great anguish of mind, and was left by his own hand at Burke's door.

FRIENDSHIPnounUS /ˈfrendʃɪp/

the state of being friends (or friendly)

From this reading FRIENDSHIP WITH BURKE (1781-1783) Thus far I have followed the guidance of Crabbe's son and biographer, but there is much that is confused and incomplete in his narrative.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The son, though he evidently obtained from his father most of the information he was afterwards to use, never extracted this date from him.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The omission is not strange, for the letter was written by Crabbe in great anguish of mind, and was left by his own hand at Burke's door.

guidancenounUS /ˈɡaɪdəns/

something that provides direction or advice as to a decision or course of action

From this reading FRIENDSHIP WITH BURKE (1781-1783) Thus far I have followed the guidance of Crabbe's son and biographer, but there is much that is confused and incomplete in his narrative.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading The omission is not strange, for the letter was written by Crabbe in great anguish of mind, and was left by his own hand at Burke's door.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading FRIENDSHIP WITH BURKE (1781-1783) Thus far I have followed the guidance of Crabbe's son and biographer, but there is much that is confused and incomplete in his narrative.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The son, though he evidently obtained from his father most of the information he was afterwards to use, never extracted this date from him.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The son, though he evidently obtained from his father most of the information he was afterwards to use, never extracted this date from him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading FRIENDSHIP WITH BURKE (1781-1783) Thus far I have followed the guidance of Crabbe's son and biographer, but there is much that is confused and incomplete in his narrative.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading FRIENDSHIP WITH BURKE (1781-1783) Thus far I have followed the guidance of Crabbe's son and biographer, but there is much that is confused and incomplete in his narrative.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading FRIENDSHIP WITH BURKE (1781-1783) Thus far I have followed the guidance of Crabbe's son and biographer, but there is much that is confused and incomplete in his narrative.

incompleteadjectiveUS /ˌɪnkəmˈpliːt/

not complete or total; not completed

From this reading FRIENDSHIP WITH BURKE (1781-1783) Thus far I have followed the guidance of Crabbe's son and biographer, but there is much that is confused and incomplete in his narrative.

informationnounUS /ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃən/

a message received and understood

From this reading The son, though he evidently obtained from his father most of the information he was afterwards to use, never extracted this date from him.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading FRIENDSHIP WITH BURKE (1781-1783) Thus far I have followed the guidance of Crabbe's son and biographer, but there is much that is confused and incomplete in his narrative.

leavesnounUS /liːvz/

plural of “leaf” — the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading The story of Crabbe's life, as told by the son, leaves us in much doubt as to the order of events in 1780-1781.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading The omission is not strange, for the letter was written by Crabbe in great anguish of mind, and was left by his own hand at Burke's door.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading The memorable letter to Burke was, as we have seen, without a date.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading The story of Crabbe's life, as told by the son, leaves us in much doubt as to the order of events in 1780-1781.

memorableadjectiveUS /ˈmemərəbəl/

worth remembering

From this reading The memorable letter to Burke was, as we have seen, without a date.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading The omission is not strange, for the letter was written by Crabbe in great anguish of mind, and was left by his own hand at Burke's door.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The son, though he evidently obtained from his father most of the information he was afterwards to use, never extracted this date from him.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading FRIENDSHIP WITH BURKE (1781-1783) Thus far I have followed the guidance of Crabbe's son and biographer, but there is much that is confused and incomplete in his narrative.

narrativenounUS /ˈnærətɪv/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading FRIENDSHIP WITH BURKE (1781-1783) Thus far I have followed the guidance of Crabbe's son and biographer, but there is much that is confused and incomplete in his narrative.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading The son, though he evidently obtained from his father most of the information he was afterwards to use, never extracted this date from him.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The omission is not strange, for the letter was written by Crabbe in great anguish of mind, and was left by his own hand at Burke's door.

obtainedverbUS /əbˈteɪnd/

past form of “obtain” — come into possession of

From this reading The son, though he evidently obtained from his father most of the information he was afterwards to use, never extracted this date from him.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading FRIENDSHIP WITH BURKE (1781-1783) Thus far I have followed the guidance of Crabbe's son and biographer, but there is much that is confused and incomplete in his narrative.

omissionnounUS /oʊˈmɪʃən/

a mistake resulting from neglect

From this reading The omission is not strange, for the letter was written by Crabbe in great anguish of mind, and was left by his own hand at Burke's door.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading The story of Crabbe's life, as told by the son, leaves us in much doubt as to the order of events in 1780-1781.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading The omission is not strange, for the letter was written by Crabbe in great anguish of mind, and was left by his own hand at Burke's door.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading The memorable letter to Burke was, as we have seen, without a date.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading FRIENDSHIP WITH BURKE (1781-1783) Thus far I have followed the guidance of Crabbe's son and biographer, but there is much that is confused and incomplete in his narrative.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading The story of Crabbe's life, as told by the son, leaves us in much doubt as to the order of events in 1780-1781.

strangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading The omission is not strange, for the letter was written by Crabbe in great anguish of mind, and was left by his own hand at Burke's door.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading FRIENDSHIP WITH BURKE (1781-1783) Thus far I have followed the guidance of Crabbe's son and biographer, but there is much that is confused and incomplete in his narrative.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading FRIENDSHIP WITH BURKE (1781-1783) Thus far I have followed the guidance of Crabbe's son and biographer, but there is much that is confused and incomplete in his narrative.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading FRIENDSHIP WITH BURKE (1781-1783) Thus far I have followed the guidance of Crabbe's son and biographer, but there is much that is confused and incomplete in his narrative.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The son, though he evidently obtained from his father most of the information he was afterwards to use, never extracted this date from him.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading The son, though he evidently obtained from his father most of the information he was afterwards to use, never extracted this date from him.

ThusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading FRIENDSHIP WITH BURKE (1781-1783) Thus far I have followed the guidance of Crabbe's son and biographer, but there is much that is confused and incomplete in his narrative.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The story of Crabbe's life, as told by the son, leaves us in much doubt as to the order of events in 1780-1781.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading The story of Crabbe's life, as told by the son, leaves us in much doubt as to the order of events in 1780-1781.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The story of Crabbe's life, as told by the son, leaves us in much doubt as to the order of events in 1780-1781.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading The son, though he evidently obtained from his father most of the information he was afterwards to use, never extracted this date from him.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The memorable letter to Burke was, as we have seen, without a date.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading The memorable letter to Burke was, as we have seen, without a date.

WITHprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading FRIENDSHIP WITH BURKE (1781-1783) Thus far I have followed the guidance of Crabbe's son and biographer, but there is much that is confused and incomplete in his narrative.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading The memorable letter to Burke was, as we have seen, without a date.

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading The omission is not strange, for the letter was written by Crabbe in great anguish of mind, and was left by his own hand at Burke's door.

Chapter 3 of English Men of Letters: Crabbe by Alfred Ainger holds 217 sentences, grouped into 44 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of English Men of Letters: Crabbe contain?

Chapter 3 holds 217 sentences of English Men of Letters: Crabbe, unabridged, divided into 44 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of English Men of Letters: Crabbe by Alfred Ainger exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 217 sentences, grouped into 44 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of English Men of Letters: Crabbe?

Work through the 44 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 44 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Vocabulary met early in English Men of Letters: Crabbe

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Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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