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English Satires
English Satires

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of English Satires is here in full — 305 sentences across 61 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for English Satires
Context Illustration Reading 1/61 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
LI.
REFORMATION OF THE KNAVE OF HEARTS.
This is an exquisite satire on the attempts at criticism which were current in _pre-Edinburgh Review_ days, when the majority of the journals were mere touts for the booksellers.
The papers in question are taken from Nos.
11 and 12 of the _Microcosm_, published on Monday, February 12th, 1787--when Canning was seventeen years of age.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

English Satires

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of English Satires is here in full — 305 sentences across 61 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/61 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
LI.
/liː/
Line 2
REFORMATION OF THE KNAVE OF HEARTS.
/ˌref.əˈmeɪ.ʃən ʌv ðə neɪv ʌv hɑːrts/
Line 3
This is an exquisite satire on the attempts at criticism which were current in _pre-Edinburgh Review_ days, when the majority of the journals were mere touts for the booksellers.
Line 4
The papers in question are taken from Nos.
Line 5
11 and 12 of the _Microcosm_, published on Monday, February 12th, 1787--when Canning was seventeen years of age.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

booksellers noun US /ˈbʊkselərz/

plural of “bookseller” — the proprietor of a bookstore

From this reading “This is an exquisite satire on the attempts at criticism which were current in _pre-Edinburgh Review_ days, when the majority of the journals were mere touts for the booksellers.”

Canning verb US /ˈkænɪŋ/

inflected form of “can” — preserve in a can or tin

From this reading “11 and 12 of the _Microcosm_, published on Monday, February 12th, 1787--when Canning was seventeen years of age.”

journals noun US /ˈdʒɜːrnəlz/

plural of “journal” — a daily written record of (usually personal) experiences and observations

From this reading “This is an exquisite satire on the attempts at criticism which were current in _pre-Edinburgh Review_ days, when the majority of the journals were mere touts for the booksellers.”

knave noun US /neɪv/

a deceitful and unreliable scoundrel

From this reading “REFORMATION OF THE KNAVE OF HEARTS.”

Microcosm noun US /ˈmaɪkrəkɑːzəm/

a miniature model of something

reformation noun US /ˌref.əˈmeɪ.ʃən/

The action or process of reforming an institution, practice, or individual's character.

From this reading “REFORMATION OF THE KNAVE OF HEARTS.”

satire noun US /ˈsætaɪər/

witty language used to convey insults or scorn

From this reading “This is an exquisite satire on the attempts at criticism which were current in _pre-Edinburgh Review_ days, when the majority of the journals were mere touts for the booksellers.”

touts noun US /taʊts/

plural of “tout” — someone who buys tickets to an event in order to resell them at a profit

From this reading “This is an exquisite satire on the attempts at criticism which were current in _pre-Edinburgh Review_ days, when the majority of the journals were mere touts for the booksellers.”

All words in this reading · 49

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

11

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 11 and 12 of the _Microcosm_, published on Monday, February 12th, 1787--when Canning was seventeen years of age.

12

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 11 and 12 of the _Microcosm_, published on Monday, February 12th, 1787--when Canning was seventeen years of age.

12th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 11 and 12 of the _Microcosm_, published on Monday, February 12th, 1787--when Canning was seventeen years of age.

1787

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 11 and 12 of the _Microcosm_, published on Monday, February 12th, 1787--when Canning was seventeen years of age.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading 11 and 12 of the _Microcosm_, published on Monday, February 12th, 1787--when Canning was seventeen years of age.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading This is an exquisite satire on the attempts at criticism which were current in _pre-Edinburgh Review_ days, when the majority of the journals were mere touts for the booksellers.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading 11 and 12 of the _Microcosm_, published on Monday, February 12th, 1787--when Canning was seventeen years of age.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The papers in question are taken from Nos.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading This is an exquisite satire on the attempts at criticism which were current in _pre-Edinburgh Review_ days, when the majority of the journals were mere touts for the booksellers.

attemptsnounUS /əˈtempts/

plural of “attempt” — earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading This is an exquisite satire on the attempts at criticism which were current in _pre-Edinburgh Review_ days, when the majority of the journals were mere touts for the booksellers.

booksellersnounUS /ˈbʊkselərz/

plural of “bookseller” — the proprietor of a bookstore

From this reading This is an exquisite satire on the attempts at criticism which were current in _pre-Edinburgh Review_ days, when the majority of the journals were mere touts for the booksellers.

CanningverbUS /ˈkænɪŋ/

inflected form of “can” — preserve in a can or tin

From this reading 11 and 12 of the _Microcosm_, published on Monday, February 12th, 1787--when Canning was seventeen years of age.

criticismnounUS /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm/

disapproval expressed by pointing out faults or shortcomings

From this reading This is an exquisite satire on the attempts at criticism which were current in _pre-Edinburgh Review_ days, when the majority of the journals were mere touts for the booksellers.

currentnounUS /ˈkɜːrənt/

a flow of electricity through a conductor

From this reading This is an exquisite satire on the attempts at criticism which were current in _pre-Edinburgh Review_ days, when the majority of the journals were mere touts for the booksellers.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading This is an exquisite satire on the attempts at criticism which were current in _pre-Edinburgh Review_ days, when the majority of the journals were mere touts for the booksellers.

exquisiteadjectiveUS /ˈekskwəzət/

intense or sharp

From this reading This is an exquisite satire on the attempts at criticism which were current in _pre-Edinburgh Review_ days, when the majority of the journals were mere touts for the booksellers.

FebruarynounUS /ˈfebjəweri/

the month following January and preceding March

From this reading 11 and 12 of the _Microcosm_, published on Monday, February 12th, 1787--when Canning was seventeen years of age.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading This is an exquisite satire on the attempts at criticism which were current in _pre-Edinburgh Review_ days, when the majority of the journals were mere touts for the booksellers.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The papers in question are taken from Nos.

HEARTSnounUS /hɑːrts/

a form of whist in which players avoid winning tricks containing hearts or the queen of spades

From this reading REFORMATION OF THE KNAVE OF HEARTS.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading This is an exquisite satire on the attempts at criticism which were current in _pre-Edinburgh Review_ days, when the majority of the journals were mere touts for the booksellers.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This is an exquisite satire on the attempts at criticism which were current in _pre-Edinburgh Review_ days, when the majority of the journals were mere touts for the booksellers.

journalsnounUS /ˈdʒɜːrnəlz/

plural of “journal” — a daily written record of (usually personal) experiences and observations

From this reading This is an exquisite satire on the attempts at criticism which were current in _pre-Edinburgh Review_ days, when the majority of the journals were mere touts for the booksellers.

KNAVEnounUS /neɪv/

a deceitful and unreliable scoundrel

From this reading REFORMATION OF THE KNAVE OF HEARTS.

LInounUS /liː/

a soft silver-white univalent element of the alkali metal group; the lightest metal known; occurs in several minerals

From this reading LI.

majoritynounUS /məˈdʒɔːrəti/

the property resulting from being or relating to the greater in number of two parts; the main part

From this reading This is an exquisite satire on the attempts at criticism which were current in _pre-Edinburgh Review_ days, when the majority of the journals were mere touts for the booksellers.

mereadjectiveUS /mɪr/

being nothing more than specified

From this reading This is an exquisite satire on the attempts at criticism which were current in _pre-Edinburgh Review_ days, when the majority of the journals were mere touts for the booksellers.

MicrocosmnounUS /ˈmaɪkrəkɑːzəm/

a miniature model of something

From this reading 11 and 12 of the _Microcosm_, published on Monday, February 12th, 1787--when Canning was seventeen years of age.

MondaynounUS /ˈmʌndi/

the second day of the week; the first working day

From this reading 11 and 12 of the _Microcosm_, published on Monday, February 12th, 1787--when Canning was seventeen years of age.

Nos

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The papers in question are taken from Nos.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading REFORMATION OF THE KNAVE OF HEARTS.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading This is an exquisite satire on the attempts at criticism which were current in _pre-Edinburgh Review_ days, when the majority of the journals were mere touts for the booksellers.

papersnounUS /ˈpeɪpərz/

writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature)

From this reading The papers in question are taken from Nos.

pre-Edinburgh

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This is an exquisite satire on the attempts at criticism which were current in _pre-Edinburgh Review_ days, when the majority of the journals were mere touts for the booksellers.

publishedadjectiveUS /ˈpʌblɪʃt/

prepared and printed for distribution and sale

From this reading 11 and 12 of the _Microcosm_, published on Monday, February 12th, 1787--when Canning was seventeen years of age.

questionverbUS /ˈkwestʃən/

challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading The papers in question are taken from Nos.

REFORMATIONnounUS /ˌref.əˈmeɪ.ʃən/

The action or process of reforming an institution, practice, or individual's character.

From this reading REFORMATION OF THE KNAVE OF HEARTS.

ReviewnounUS /ˌriːˈvjuː/

a new appraisal or evaluation

From this reading This is an exquisite satire on the attempts at criticism which were current in _pre-Edinburgh Review_ days, when the majority of the journals were mere touts for the booksellers.

satirenounUS /ˈsætaɪər/

witty language used to convey insults or scorn

From this reading This is an exquisite satire on the attempts at criticism which were current in _pre-Edinburgh Review_ days, when the majority of the journals were mere touts for the booksellers.

seventeenadjectiveUS /ˈsevənˈtiːn/

being one more than sixteen

From this reading 11 and 12 of the _Microcosm_, published on Monday, February 12th, 1787--when Canning was seventeen years of age.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading The papers in question are taken from Nos.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading REFORMATION OF THE KNAVE OF HEARTS.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This is an exquisite satire on the attempts at criticism which were current in _pre-Edinburgh Review_ days, when the majority of the journals were mere touts for the booksellers.

toutsnounUS /taʊts/

plural of “tout” — someone who buys tickets to an event in order to resell them at a profit

From this reading This is an exquisite satire on the attempts at criticism which were current in _pre-Edinburgh Review_ days, when the majority of the journals were mere touts for the booksellers.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading 11 and 12 of the _Microcosm_, published on Monday, February 12th, 1787--when Canning was seventeen years of age.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading This is an exquisite satire on the attempts at criticism which were current in _pre-Edinburgh Review_ days, when the majority of the journals were mere touts for the booksellers.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading This is an exquisite satire on the attempts at criticism which were current in _pre-Edinburgh Review_ days, when the majority of the journals were mere touts for the booksellers.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading This is an exquisite satire on the attempts at criticism which were current in _pre-Edinburgh Review_ days, when the majority of the journals were mere touts for the booksellers.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading 11 and 12 of the _Microcosm_, published on Monday, February 12th, 1787--when Canning was seventeen years of age.

Chapter 9 of English Satires by William Henry Oliphant [Editor] Smeaton holds 305 sentences, grouped into 61 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of English Satires contain?

Chapter 9 holds 305 sentences of English Satires, unabridged, divided into 61 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of English Satires by William Henry Oliphant [Editor] Smeaton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 305 sentences, grouped into 61 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of English Satires?

Work through the 61 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 61 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading English Satires

Common questions about reading English Satires by William Henry Oliphant [Editor] Smeaton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of English Satires?

Yes. All 3748 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #16126 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of English Satires is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #16126, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does English Satires take to read?

About 312 minutes of reading across 750 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read English Satires section by section

How to work through English Satires section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 12 chapters of English Satires to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in English Satires

Words and structures a reader meets early in English Satires, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

London
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Satires; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gresham
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Satires; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Publishing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Satires; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Company
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Satires; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.