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English Satires
English Satires

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of English Satires is here in full — 327 sentences across 66 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/65 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Popanilla then went on to show that the hitherto received definitions of man were all erroneous; that man is neither a walking animal, nor a talking animal, nor a cooking animal, nor a lounging animal, nor a debt-incurring animal, nor a tax-paying animal, nor a printing animal, nor a puffing animal, but a _developing animal_.
Development is the discovery of utility.
By developing the water we get fish; by developing the earth we get corn, and cash, and cotton; by developing the air we get breath; by developing the fire we get heat.
Thus the use of the elements is demonstrated to the meanest capacity.
But it was not merely a material development to which he alluded; a moral development was equally indispensable.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

English Satires

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of English Satires is here in full — 327 sentences across 66 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/65 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Popanilla then went on to show that the hitherto received definitions of man were all erroneous; that man is neither a walking animal, nor a talking animal, nor a cooking animal, nor a lounging animal, nor a debt-incurring animal, nor a tax-paying animal, nor a printing animal, nor a puffing animal, but a _developing animal_.
Line 2
Development is the discovery of utility.
/dɪˈveləpmənt ɪz ðə dɪˈskʌvəri ʌv juːˈtɪləti/
Line 3
By developing the water we get fish; by developing the earth we get corn, and cash, and cotton; by developing the air we get breath; by developing the fire we get heat.
/baɪ dɪˈveləpɪŋ ðə ˈwɔːtər wiː ɡet fɪʃ baɪ dɪˈveləpɪŋ ðə ɜːrθ wiː ɡet kɔːrn ənd kæʃ ənd ˈkɑːtən baɪ dɪˈveləpɪŋ ðə er wiː ɡet breθ baɪ dɪˈveləpɪŋ ðə ˈfaɪər wiː ɡet hiːt/
Line 4
Thus the use of the elements is demonstrated to the meanest capacity.
/ðʌs ðə juːs ʌv ðə ˈeləmənts ɪz ˈdemənstreɪtɪd tuː ðə ˈmiːnəst kəˈpæsəti/
Line 5
But it was not merely a material development to which he alluded; a moral development was equally indispensable.
/bʌt ɪt wɑːz nɑːt ˈmɪrli ə məˈtɪriəl dɪˈveləpmənt tuː wɪtʃ hiː əˈluːdɪd ə ˈmɔːrəl dɪˈveləpmənt wɑːz ˈiːkwəli ˌɪndɪˈspensəbəl/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

definitions noun US /ˌdefəˈnɪʃənz/

plural of “definition” — a concise explanation of the meaning of a word or phrase or symbol

From this reading “Popanilla then went on to show that the hitherto received definitions of man were all erroneous; that man is neither a walking animal, nor a talking animal, nor a cooking animal, nor a lounging animal, nor a debt-incurring animal, nor a tax-paying animal, nor a printing animal, nor a puffing animal, but a _developing animal_.”

demonstrated adjective US /ˈdemənstreɪtɪd/

having been demonstrated or verified beyond doubt

From this reading “Thus the use of the elements is demonstrated to the meanest capacity.”

developing adjective US /dɪˈveləpɪŋ/

relating to societies in which capital needed to industrialize is in short supply

From this reading “By developing the water we get fish; by developing the earth we get corn, and cash, and cotton; by developing the air we get breath; by developing the fire we get heat.”

erroneous adjective US /eˈroʊniəs/

containing or characterized by error

From this reading “Popanilla then went on to show that the hitherto received definitions of man were all erroneous; that man is neither a walking animal, nor a talking animal, nor a cooking animal, nor a lounging animal, nor a debt-incurring animal, nor a tax-paying animal, nor a printing animal, nor a puffing animal, but a _developing animal_.”

lounging verb US /ˈlaʊndʒɪŋ/

-ing form of “lounge” — sit or recline comfortably

From this reading “Popanilla then went on to show that the hitherto received definitions of man were all erroneous; that man is neither a walking animal, nor a talking animal, nor a cooking animal, nor a lounging animal, nor a debt-incurring animal, nor a tax-paying animal, nor a printing animal, nor a puffing animal, but a _developing animal_.”

meanest adjective US /ˈmiːnəst/

superlative of “mean” — approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value

From this reading “Thus the use of the elements is demonstrated to the meanest capacity.”

puffing noun US /ˈpʌfɪŋ/

blowing tobacco smoke out into the air

From this reading “Popanilla then went on to show that the hitherto received definitions of man were all erroneous; that man is neither a walking animal, nor a talking animal, nor a cooking animal, nor a lounging animal, nor a debt-incurring animal, nor a tax-paying animal, nor a printing animal, nor a puffing animal, but a _developing animal_.”

utility noun US /juːˈtɪləti/

a company that performs a public service; subject to government regulation

From this reading “Development is the discovery of utility.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Popanilla then went on to show that the hitherto received definitions of man were all erroneous; that man is neither a walking animal, nor a talking animal, nor a cooking animal, nor a lounging animal, nor a debt-incurring animal, nor a tax-paying animal, nor a printing animal, nor a puffing animal, but a _developing animal_.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading By developing the water we get fish; by developing the earth we get corn, and cash, and cotton; by developing the air we get breath; by developing the fire we get heat.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Popanilla then went on to show that the hitherto received definitions of man were all erroneous; that man is neither a walking animal, nor a talking animal, nor a cooking animal, nor a lounging animal, nor a debt-incurring animal, nor a tax-paying animal, nor a printing animal, nor a puffing animal, but a _developing animal_.

alludedverbUS /əˈluːdɪd/

past form of “allude” — make a more or less disguised reference to

From this reading But it was not merely a material development to which he alluded; a moral development was equally indispensable.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading By developing the water we get fish; by developing the earth we get corn, and cash, and cotton; by developing the air we get breath; by developing the fire we get heat.

animalnounUS /ˈænəməl/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading Popanilla then went on to show that the hitherto received definitions of man were all erroneous; that man is neither a walking animal, nor a talking animal, nor a cooking animal, nor a lounging animal, nor a debt-incurring animal, nor a tax-paying animal, nor a printing animal, nor a puffing animal, but a _developing animal_.

breathnounUS /breθ/

the process of taking in and expelling air during breathing

From this reading By developing the water we get fish; by developing the earth we get corn, and cash, and cotton; by developing the air we get breath; by developing the fire we get heat.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Popanilla then went on to show that the hitherto received definitions of man were all erroneous; that man is neither a walking animal, nor a talking animal, nor a cooking animal, nor a lounging animal, nor a debt-incurring animal, nor a tax-paying animal, nor a printing animal, nor a puffing animal, but a _developing animal_.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading By developing the water we get fish; by developing the earth we get corn, and cash, and cotton; by developing the air we get breath; by developing the fire we get heat.

capacitynounUS /kəˈpæsəti/

capability to perform or produce

From this reading Thus the use of the elements is demonstrated to the meanest capacity.

cashnounUS /kæʃ/

money in the form of bills or coins

From this reading By developing the water we get fish; by developing the earth we get corn, and cash, and cotton; by developing the air we get breath; by developing the fire we get heat.

cookingnounUS /ˈkʊkɪŋ/

the act of preparing something (as food) by the application of heat

From this reading Popanilla then went on to show that the hitherto received definitions of man were all erroneous; that man is neither a walking animal, nor a talking animal, nor a cooking animal, nor a lounging animal, nor a debt-incurring animal, nor a tax-paying animal, nor a printing animal, nor a puffing animal, but a _developing animal_.

cornnounUS /kɔːrn/

tall annual cereal grass bearing kernels on large ears: widely cultivated in America in many varieties; the principal cereal in Mexico and Central and South America since pre-Columbian times

From this reading By developing the water we get fish; by developing the earth we get corn, and cash, and cotton; by developing the air we get breath; by developing the fire we get heat.

cottonnounUS /ˈkɑːtən/

soft silky fibers from cotton plants in their raw state

From this reading By developing the water we get fish; by developing the earth we get corn, and cash, and cotton; by developing the air we get breath; by developing the fire we get heat.

debt-incurring

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Popanilla then went on to show that the hitherto received definitions of man were all erroneous; that man is neither a walking animal, nor a talking animal, nor a cooking animal, nor a lounging animal, nor a debt-incurring animal, nor a tax-paying animal, nor a printing animal, nor a puffing animal, but a _developing animal_.

definitionsnounUS /ˌdefəˈnɪʃənz/

plural of “definition” — a concise explanation of the meaning of a word or phrase or symbol

From this reading Popanilla then went on to show that the hitherto received definitions of man were all erroneous; that man is neither a walking animal, nor a talking animal, nor a cooking animal, nor a lounging animal, nor a debt-incurring animal, nor a tax-paying animal, nor a printing animal, nor a puffing animal, but a _developing animal_.

demonstratedadjectiveUS /ˈdemənstreɪtɪd/

having been demonstrated or verified beyond doubt

From this reading Thus the use of the elements is demonstrated to the meanest capacity.

developingadjectiveUS /dɪˈveləpɪŋ/

relating to societies in which capital needed to industrialize is in short supply

From this reading Popanilla then went on to show that the hitherto received definitions of man were all erroneous; that man is neither a walking animal, nor a talking animal, nor a cooking animal, nor a lounging animal, nor a debt-incurring animal, nor a tax-paying animal, nor a printing animal, nor a puffing animal, but a _developing animal_.

DevelopmentnounUS /dɪˈveləpmənt/

act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading Development is the discovery of utility.

discoverynounUS /dɪˈskʌvəri/

the act of discovering something

From this reading Development is the discovery of utility.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading By developing the water we get fish; by developing the earth we get corn, and cash, and cotton; by developing the air we get breath; by developing the fire we get heat.

elementsnounUS /ˈeləmənts/

violent or severe weather (viewed as caused by the action of the four elements)

From this reading Thus the use of the elements is demonstrated to the meanest capacity.

equallyadverbUS /ˈiːkwəli/

to the same degree (often followed by “as”)

From this reading But it was not merely a material development to which he alluded; a moral development was equally indispensable.

erroneousadjectiveUS /eˈroʊniəs/

containing or characterized by error

From this reading Popanilla then went on to show that the hitherto received definitions of man were all erroneous; that man is neither a walking animal, nor a talking animal, nor a cooking animal, nor a lounging animal, nor a debt-incurring animal, nor a tax-paying animal, nor a printing animal, nor a puffing animal, but a _developing animal_.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading By developing the water we get fish; by developing the earth we get corn, and cash, and cotton; by developing the air we get breath; by developing the fire we get heat.

fishnounUS /fɪʃ/

any of various mostly cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates usually having scales and breathing through gills

From this reading By developing the water we get fish; by developing the earth we get corn, and cash, and cotton; by developing the air we get breath; by developing the fire we get heat.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading By developing the water we get fish; by developing the earth we get corn, and cash, and cotton; by developing the air we get breath; by developing the fire we get heat.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading But it was not merely a material development to which he alluded; a moral development was equally indispensable.

heatnounUS /hiːt/

a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature

From this reading By developing the water we get fish; by developing the earth we get corn, and cash, and cotton; by developing the air we get breath; by developing the fire we get heat.

hithertoadverbUS /ˈhɪðɜːrˈtuː/

used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time

From this reading Popanilla then went on to show that the hitherto received definitions of man were all erroneous; that man is neither a walking animal, nor a talking animal, nor a cooking animal, nor a lounging animal, nor a debt-incurring animal, nor a tax-paying animal, nor a printing animal, nor a puffing animal, but a _developing animal_.

indispensableadjectiveUS /ˌɪndɪˈspensəbəl/

not to be dispensed with; essential

From this reading But it was not merely a material development to which he alluded; a moral development was equally indispensable.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Popanilla then went on to show that the hitherto received definitions of man were all erroneous; that man is neither a walking animal, nor a talking animal, nor a cooking animal, nor a lounging animal, nor a debt-incurring animal, nor a tax-paying animal, nor a printing animal, nor a puffing animal, but a _developing animal_.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading But it was not merely a material development to which he alluded; a moral development was equally indispensable.

loungingverbUS /ˈlaʊndʒɪŋ/

-ing form of “lounge” — sit or recline comfortably

From this reading Popanilla then went on to show that the hitherto received definitions of man were all erroneous; that man is neither a walking animal, nor a talking animal, nor a cooking animal, nor a lounging animal, nor a debt-incurring animal, nor a tax-paying animal, nor a printing animal, nor a puffing animal, but a _developing animal_.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Popanilla then went on to show that the hitherto received definitions of man were all erroneous; that man is neither a walking animal, nor a talking animal, nor a cooking animal, nor a lounging animal, nor a debt-incurring animal, nor a tax-paying animal, nor a printing animal, nor a puffing animal, but a _developing animal_.

materialadjectiveUS /məˈtɪriəl/

concerned with worldly rather than spiritual interests

From this reading But it was not merely a material development to which he alluded; a moral development was equally indispensable.

meanestadjectiveUS /ˈmiːnəst/

superlative of “mean” — approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value

From this reading Thus the use of the elements is demonstrated to the meanest capacity.

merelyadverbUS /ˈmɪrli/

and nothing more

From this reading But it was not merely a material development to which he alluded; a moral development was equally indispensable.

moraladjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrəl/

concerned with principles of right and wrong or conforming to standards of behavior and character based on those principles

From this reading But it was not merely a material development to which he alluded; a moral development was equally indispensable.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading Popanilla then went on to show that the hitherto received definitions of man were all erroneous; that man is neither a walking animal, nor a talking animal, nor a cooking animal, nor a lounging animal, nor a debt-incurring animal, nor a tax-paying animal, nor a printing animal, nor a puffing animal, but a _developing animal_.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading Popanilla then went on to show that the hitherto received definitions of man were all erroneous; that man is neither a walking animal, nor a talking animal, nor a cooking animal, nor a lounging animal, nor a debt-incurring animal, nor a tax-paying animal, nor a printing animal, nor a puffing animal, but a _developing animal_.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading But it was not merely a material development to which he alluded; a moral development was equally indispensable.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Popanilla then went on to show that the hitherto received definitions of man were all erroneous; that man is neither a walking animal, nor a talking animal, nor a cooking animal, nor a lounging animal, nor a debt-incurring animal, nor a tax-paying animal, nor a printing animal, nor a puffing animal, but a _developing animal_.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Popanilla then went on to show that the hitherto received definitions of man were all erroneous; that man is neither a walking animal, nor a talking animal, nor a cooking animal, nor a lounging animal, nor a debt-incurring animal, nor a tax-paying animal, nor a printing animal, nor a puffing animal, but a _developing animal_.

Popanilla

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Popanilla then went on to show that the hitherto received definitions of man were all erroneous; that man is neither a walking animal, nor a talking animal, nor a cooking animal, nor a lounging animal, nor a debt-incurring animal, nor a tax-paying animal, nor a printing animal, nor a puffing animal, but a _developing animal_.

printingnounUS /ˈprɪntɪŋ/

text handwritten in the style of printed matter

From this reading Popanilla then went on to show that the hitherto received definitions of man were all erroneous; that man is neither a walking animal, nor a talking animal, nor a cooking animal, nor a lounging animal, nor a debt-incurring animal, nor a tax-paying animal, nor a printing animal, nor a puffing animal, but a _developing animal_.

puffingnounUS /ˈpʌfɪŋ/

blowing tobacco smoke out into the air

From this reading Popanilla then went on to show that the hitherto received definitions of man were all erroneous; that man is neither a walking animal, nor a talking animal, nor a cooking animal, nor a lounging animal, nor a debt-incurring animal, nor a tax-paying animal, nor a printing animal, nor a puffing animal, but a _developing animal_.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading Popanilla then went on to show that the hitherto received definitions of man were all erroneous; that man is neither a walking animal, nor a talking animal, nor a cooking animal, nor a lounging animal, nor a debt-incurring animal, nor a tax-paying animal, nor a printing animal, nor a puffing animal, but a _developing animal_.

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Popanilla then went on to show that the hitherto received definitions of man were all erroneous; that man is neither a walking animal, nor a talking animal, nor a cooking animal, nor a lounging animal, nor a debt-incurring animal, nor a tax-paying animal, nor a printing animal, nor a puffing animal, but a _developing animal_.

talkingnounUS /ˈtɔːkɪŋ/

an exchange of ideas via conversation

From this reading Popanilla then went on to show that the hitherto received definitions of man were all erroneous; that man is neither a walking animal, nor a talking animal, nor a cooking animal, nor a lounging animal, nor a debt-incurring animal, nor a tax-paying animal, nor a printing animal, nor a puffing animal, but a _developing animal_.

tax-paying

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Popanilla then went on to show that the hitherto received definitions of man were all erroneous; that man is neither a walking animal, nor a talking animal, nor a cooking animal, nor a lounging animal, nor a debt-incurring animal, nor a tax-paying animal, nor a printing animal, nor a puffing animal, but a _developing animal_.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Popanilla then went on to show that the hitherto received definitions of man were all erroneous; that man is neither a walking animal, nor a talking animal, nor a cooking animal, nor a lounging animal, nor a debt-incurring animal, nor a tax-paying animal, nor a printing animal, nor a puffing animal, but a _developing animal_.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Popanilla then went on to show that the hitherto received definitions of man were all erroneous; that man is neither a walking animal, nor a talking animal, nor a cooking animal, nor a lounging animal, nor a debt-incurring animal, nor a tax-paying animal, nor a printing animal, nor a puffing animal, but a _developing animal_.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Popanilla then went on to show that the hitherto received definitions of man were all erroneous; that man is neither a walking animal, nor a talking animal, nor a cooking animal, nor a lounging animal, nor a debt-incurring animal, nor a tax-paying animal, nor a printing animal, nor a puffing animal, but a _developing animal_.

ThusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading Thus the use of the elements is demonstrated to the meanest capacity.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Popanilla then went on to show that the hitherto received definitions of man were all erroneous; that man is neither a walking animal, nor a talking animal, nor a cooking animal, nor a lounging animal, nor a debt-incurring animal, nor a tax-paying animal, nor a printing animal, nor a puffing animal, but a _developing animal_.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading Thus the use of the elements is demonstrated to the meanest capacity.

utilitynounUS /juːˈtɪləti/

a company that performs a public service; subject to government regulation

From this reading Development is the discovery of utility.

walkingadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːkɪŋ/

close enough to be walked to

From this reading Popanilla then went on to show that the hitherto received definitions of man were all erroneous; that man is neither a walking animal, nor a talking animal, nor a cooking animal, nor a lounging animal, nor a debt-incurring animal, nor a tax-paying animal, nor a printing animal, nor a puffing animal, but a _developing animal_.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But it was not merely a material development to which he alluded; a moral development was equally indispensable.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading By developing the water we get fish; by developing the earth we get corn, and cash, and cotton; by developing the air we get breath; by developing the fire we get heat.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading By developing the water we get fish; by developing the earth we get corn, and cash, and cotton; by developing the air we get breath; by developing the fire we get heat.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Popanilla then went on to show that the hitherto received definitions of man were all erroneous; that man is neither a walking animal, nor a talking animal, nor a cooking animal, nor a lounging animal, nor a debt-incurring animal, nor a tax-paying animal, nor a printing animal, nor a puffing animal, but a _developing animal_.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Popanilla then went on to show that the hitherto received definitions of man were all erroneous; that man is neither a walking animal, nor a talking animal, nor a cooking animal, nor a lounging animal, nor a debt-incurring animal, nor a tax-paying animal, nor a printing animal, nor a puffing animal, but a _developing animal_.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading But it was not merely a material development to which he alluded; a moral development was equally indispensable.

Chapter 12 of English Satires by William Henry Oliphant [Editor] Smeaton holds 327 sentences, grouped into 66 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of English Satires contain?

Chapter 12 holds 327 sentences of English Satires, unabridged, divided into 66 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of English Satires by William Henry Oliphant [Editor] Smeaton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 327 sentences, grouped into 66 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of English Satires?

Work through the 66 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 66 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading English Satires

Common questions about reading English Satires by William Henry Oliphant [Editor] Smeaton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of English Satires?

Yes. All 3748 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #16126 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of English Satires is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #16126, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does English Satires take to read?

About 312 minutes of reading across 750 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read English Satires section by section

How to work through English Satires section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 12 chapters of English Satires to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in English Satires

Words and structures a reader meets early in English Satires, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

London
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Satires; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gresham
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Satires; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Publishing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Satires; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Company
A word that appears in the opening chapter of English Satires; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.