Chapter I

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It soon became evident, however, that there were only two possible termini for such a study: the establishment of Caxton’s printing press in London in 1476 and the present year.

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Faculty of Philosophy, Columbia University [ This book had its origin in a preliminary study of the attitude of the first thirty years of the nineteenth century toward the classics.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A list of the translations which were published during those years seemed so significant, if only from the point of view of quantity, that it was deemed wise to extend that study backward and forward fifty years in order to have the necessary material for a comparative study of the original list.

a complex mental state involving beliefs and feelings and values and dispositions to act in certain ways

From this reading Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Faculty of Philosophy, Columbia University [ This book had its origin in a preliminary study of the attitude of the first thirty years of the nineteenth century toward the classics.

at or to or toward the back or rear

From this reading A list of the translations which were published during those years seemed so significant, if only from the point of view of quantity, that it was deemed wise to extend that study backward and forward fifty years in order to have the necessary material for a comparative study of the original list.

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading It soon became evident, however, that there were only two possible termini for such a study: the establishment of Caxton’s printing press in London in 1476 and the present year.

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Certain limitations have, of necessity, been put upon the scope of this work.

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Faculty of Philosophy, Columbia University [ This book had its origin in a preliminary study of the attitude of the first thirty years of the nineteenth century toward the classics.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It soon became evident, however, that there were only two possible termini for such a study: the establishment of Caxton’s printing press in London in 1476 and the present year.

a period of 100 years

From this reading Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Faculty of Philosophy, Columbia University [ This book had its origin in a preliminary study of the attitude of the first thirty years of the nineteenth century toward the classics.

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading Certain limitations have, of necessity, been put upon the scope of this work.

study of the literary works of ancient Greece and Rome

From this reading Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Faculty of Philosophy, Columbia University [ This book had its origin in a preliminary study of the attitude of the first thirty years of the nineteenth century toward the classics.

a North American river; rises in southwestern Canada and flows southward across Washington to form the border between Washington and Oregon before emptying into the Pacific; known for its salmon runs in the spring

From this reading Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Faculty of Philosophy, Columbia University [ This book had its origin in a preliminary study of the attitude of the first thirty years of the nineteenth century toward the classics.

relating to or based on or involving comparison

From this reading A list of the translations which were published during those years seemed so significant, if only from the point of view of quantity, that it was deemed wise to extend that study backward and forward fifty years in order to have the necessary material for a comparative study of the original list.

(usually plural) everything that is included in a collection and that is held or included in something

From this reading The result of these searchings is embodied in the list of translations which make up the contents of this book.

past form of “deem” — keep in mind or convey as a conviction or view

From this reading A list of the translations which were published during those years seemed so significant, if only from the point of view of quantity, that it was deemed wise to extend that study backward and forward fifty years in order to have the necessary material for a comparative study of the original list.

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Faculty of Philosophy, Columbia University [ This book had its origin in a preliminary study of the attitude of the first thirty years of the nineteenth century toward the classics.

a licensed medical practitioner

From this reading Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Faculty of Philosophy, Columbia University [ This book had its origin in a preliminary study of the attitude of the first thirty years of the nineteenth century toward the classics.

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading A list of the translations which were published during those years seemed so significant, if only from the point of view of quantity, that it was deemed wise to extend that study backward and forward fifty years in order to have the necessary material for a comparative study of the original list.

possessing or existing in bodily form

From this reading The result of these searchings is embodied in the list of translations which make up the contents of this book.

the act of forming or establishing something

From this reading It soon became evident, however, that there were only two possible termini for such a study: the establishment of Caxton’s printing press in London in 1476 and the present year.

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading It soon became evident, however, that there were only two possible termini for such a study: the establishment of Caxton’s printing press in London in 1476 and the present year.

extend in scope or range or area

From this reading A list of the translations which were published during those years seemed so significant, if only from the point of view of quantity, that it was deemed wise to extend that study backward and forward fifty years in order to have the necessary material for a comparative study of the original list.

one of the inherent cognitive or perceptual powers of the mind

From this reading Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Faculty of Philosophy, Columbia University [ This book had its origin in a preliminary study of the attitude of the first thirty years of the nineteenth century toward the classics.

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and five

From this reading A list of the translations which were published during those years seemed so significant, if only from the point of view of quantity, that it was deemed wise to extend that study backward and forward fifty years in order to have the necessary material for a comparative study of the original list.

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Faculty of Philosophy, Columbia University [ This book had its origin in a preliminary study of the attitude of the first thirty years of the nineteenth century toward the classics.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Faculty of Philosophy, Columbia University [ This book had its origin in a preliminary study of the attitude of the first thirty years of the nineteenth century toward the classics.

at or to or toward the front

From this reading A list of the translations which were published during those years seemed so significant, if only from the point of view of quantity, that it was deemed wise to extend that study backward and forward fifty years in order to have the necessary material for a comparative study of the original list.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading A list of the translations which were published during those years seemed so significant, if only from the point of view of quantity, that it was deemed wise to extend that study backward and forward fifty years in order to have the necessary material for a comparative study of the original list.

a feeling of satisfaction at having achieved your desires

From this reading Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Faculty of Philosophy, Columbia University [ This book had its origin in a preliminary study of the attitude of the first thirty years of the nineteenth century toward the classics.

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Faculty of Philosophy, Columbia University [ This book had its origin in a preliminary study of the attitude of the first thirty years of the nineteenth century toward the classics.

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading A list of the translations which were published during those years seemed so significant, if only from the point of view of quantity, that it was deemed wise to extend that study backward and forward fifty years in order to have the necessary material for a comparative study of the original list.

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading It soon became evident, however, that there were only two possible termini for such a study: the establishment of Caxton’s printing press in London in 1476 and the present year.

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading A list of the translations which were published during those years seemed so significant, if only from the point of view of quantity, that it was deemed wise to extend that study backward and forward fifty years in order to have the necessary material for a comparative study of the original list.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Faculty of Philosophy, Columbia University [ This book had its origin in a preliminary study of the attitude of the first thirty years of the nineteenth century toward the classics.

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The result of these searchings is embodied in the list of translations which make up the contents of this book.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading A list of the translations which were published during those years seemed so significant, if only from the point of view of quantity, that it was deemed wise to extend that study backward and forward fifty years in order to have the necessary material for a comparative study of the original list.

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Faculty of Philosophy, Columbia University [ This book had its origin in a preliminary study of the attitude of the first thirty years of the nineteenth century toward the classics.

plural of “limitation” — a principle that limits the extent of something

From this reading Certain limitations have, of necessity, been put upon the scope of this work.

give or make a list of; name individually; give the names of

From this reading A list of the translations which were published during those years seemed so significant, if only from the point of view of quantity, that it was deemed wise to extend that study backward and forward fifty years in order to have the necessary material for a comparative study of the original list.

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading It soon became evident, however, that there were only two possible termini for such a study: the establishment of Caxton’s printing press in London in 1476 and the present year.

engage in

From this reading The result of these searchings is embodied in the list of translations which make up the contents of this book.

concerned with worldly rather than spiritual interests

From this reading A list of the translations which were published during those years seemed so significant, if only from the point of view of quantity, that it was deemed wise to extend that study backward and forward fifty years in order to have the necessary material for a comparative study of the original list.

absolutely essential

From this reading A list of the translations which were published during those years seemed so significant, if only from the point of view of quantity, that it was deemed wise to extend that study backward and forward fifty years in order to have the necessary material for a comparative study of the original list.

the condition of being essential or indispensable

From this reading Certain limitations have, of necessity, been put upon the scope of this work.

coming next after the eighteenth in position

From this reading Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Faculty of Philosophy, Columbia University [ This book had its origin in a preliminary study of the attitude of the first thirty years of the nineteenth century toward the classics.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Faculty of Philosophy, Columbia University [ This book had its origin in a preliminary study of the attitude of the first thirty years of the nineteenth century toward the classics.

and nothing more

From this reading A list of the translations which were published during those years seemed so significant, if only from the point of view of quantity, that it was deemed wise to extend that study backward and forward fifty years in order to have the necessary material for a comparative study of the original list.

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading A list of the translations which were published during those years seemed so significant, if only from the point of view of quantity, that it was deemed wise to extend that study backward and forward fifty years in order to have the necessary material for a comparative study of the original list.

the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Faculty of Philosophy, Columbia University [ This book had its origin in a preliminary study of the attitude of the first thirty years of the nineteenth century toward the classics.

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading A list of the translations which were published during those years seemed so significant, if only from the point of view of quantity, that it was deemed wise to extend that study backward and forward fifty years in order to have the necessary material for a comparative study of the original list.

being or affecting only a part; not total

From this reading Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Faculty of Philosophy, Columbia University [ This book had its origin in a preliminary study of the attitude of the first thirty years of the nineteenth century toward the classics.

The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence. (Triết học, đạo lý nhân sinh.)

From this reading Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Faculty of Philosophy, Columbia University [ This book had its origin in a preliminary study of the attitude of the first thirty years of the nineteenth century toward the classics.

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading A list of the translations which were published during those years seemed so significant, if only from the point of view of quantity, that it was deemed wise to extend that study backward and forward fifty years in order to have the necessary material for a comparative study of the original list.

capable of happening or existing

From this reading It soon became evident, however, that there were only two possible termini for such a study: the establishment of Caxton’s printing press in London in 1476 and the present year.

denoting an action or event preceding or in preparation for something more important

From this reading Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Faculty of Philosophy, Columbia University [ This book had its origin in a preliminary study of the attitude of the first thirty years of the nineteenth century toward the classics.

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading It soon became evident, however, that there were only two possible termini for such a study: the establishment of Caxton’s printing press in London in 1476 and the present year.

exert pressure or force to or upon

From this reading It soon became evident, however, that there were only two possible termini for such a study: the establishment of Caxton’s printing press in London in 1476 and the present year.

text handwritten in the style of printed matter

From this reading It soon became evident, however, that there were only two possible termini for such a study: the establishment of Caxton’s printing press in London in 1476 and the present year.

prepared and printed for distribution and sale

From this reading A list of the translations which were published during those years seemed so significant, if only from the point of view of quantity, that it was deemed wise to extend that study backward and forward fifty years in order to have the necessary material for a comparative study of the original list.

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Certain limitations have, of necessity, been put upon the scope of this work.

how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify

From this reading A list of the translations which were published during those years seemed so significant, if only from the point of view of quantity, that it was deemed wise to extend that study backward and forward fifty years in order to have the necessary material for a comparative study of the original list.

plural of “requirement” — required activity

From this reading Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Faculty of Philosophy, Columbia University [ This book had its origin in a preliminary study of the attitude of the first thirty years of the nineteenth century toward the classics.

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading The result of these searchings is embodied in the list of translations which make up the contents of this book.

an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"

From this reading Certain limitations have, of necessity, been put upon the scope of this work.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The result of these searchings is embodied in the list of translations which make up the contents of this book.

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading A list of the translations which were published during those years seemed so significant, if only from the point of view of quantity, that it was deemed wise to extend that study backward and forward fifty years in order to have the necessary material for a comparative study of the original list.

important in effect or meaning

From this reading A list of the translations which were published during those years seemed so significant, if only from the point of view of quantity, that it was deemed wise to extend that study backward and forward fifty years in order to have the necessary material for a comparative study of the original list.

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading A list of the translations which were published during those years seemed so significant, if only from the point of view of quantity, that it was deemed wise to extend that study backward and forward fifty years in order to have the necessary material for a comparative study of the original list.

in the near future

From this reading It soon became evident, however, that there were only two possible termini for such a study: the establishment of Caxton’s printing press in London in 1476 and the present year.

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Faculty of Philosophy, Columbia University [ This book had its origin in a preliminary study of the attitude of the first thirty years of the nineteenth century toward the classics.

inflected form of “submit” — refer for judgment or consideration

From this reading Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Faculty of Philosophy, Columbia University [ This book had its origin in a preliminary study of the attitude of the first thirty years of the nineteenth century toward the classics.

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading It soon became evident, however, that there were only two possible termini for such a study: the establishment of Caxton’s printing press in London in 1476 and the present year.

plural of “terminus” — a place where something ends or is complete

From this reading It soon became evident, however, that there were only two possible termini for such a study: the establishment of Caxton’s printing press in London in 1476 and the present year.

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading A list of the translations which were published during those years seemed so significant, if only from the point of view of quantity, that it was deemed wise to extend that study backward and forward fifty years in order to have the necessary material for a comparative study of the original list.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Faculty of Philosophy, Columbia University [ This book had its origin in a preliminary study of the attitude of the first thirty years of the nineteenth century toward the classics.

in or at that place or location

From this reading It soon became evident, however, that there were only two possible termini for such a study: the establishment of Caxton’s printing press in London in 1476 and the present year.

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading The result of these searchings is embodied in the list of translations which make up the contents of this book.

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and three

From this reading Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Faculty of Philosophy, Columbia University [ This book had its origin in a preliminary study of the attitude of the first thirty years of the nineteenth century toward the classics.

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Faculty of Philosophy, Columbia University [ This book had its origin in a preliminary study of the attitude of the first thirty years of the nineteenth century toward the classics.

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading A list of the translations which were published during those years seemed so significant, if only from the point of view of quantity, that it was deemed wise to extend that study backward and forward fifty years in order to have the necessary material for a comparative study of the original list.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading A list of the translations which were published during those years seemed so significant, if only from the point of view of quantity, that it was deemed wise to extend that study backward and forward fifty years in order to have the necessary material for a comparative study of the original list.

in the direction of

From this reading Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Faculty of Philosophy, Columbia University [ This book had its origin in a preliminary study of the attitude of the first thirty years of the nineteenth century toward the classics.

plural of “translation” — a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language

From this reading A list of the translations which were published during those years seemed so significant, if only from the point of view of quantity, that it was deemed wise to extend that study backward and forward fifty years in order to have the necessary material for a comparative study of the original list.

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading It soon became evident, however, that there were only two possible termini for such a study: the establishment of Caxton’s printing press in London in 1476 and the present year.

the body of faculty and students at a university

From this reading Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Faculty of Philosophy, Columbia University [ This book had its origin in a preliminary study of the attitude of the first thirty years of the nineteenth century toward the classics.

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The result of these searchings is embodied in the list of translations which make up the contents of this book.

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Certain limitations have, of necessity, been put upon the scope of this work.

a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading A list of the translations which were published during those years seemed so significant, if only from the point of view of quantity, that it was deemed wise to extend that study backward and forward fifty years in order to have the necessary material for a comparative study of the original list.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A list of the translations which were published during those years seemed so significant, if only from the point of view of quantity, that it was deemed wise to extend that study backward and forward fifty years in order to have the necessary material for a comparative study of the original list.

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading A list of the translations which were published during those years seemed so significant, if only from the point of view of quantity, that it was deemed wise to extend that study backward and forward fifty years in order to have the necessary material for a comparative study of the original list.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading A list of the translations which were published during those years seemed so significant, if only from the point of view of quantity, that it was deemed wise to extend that study backward and forward fifty years in order to have the necessary material for a comparative study of the original list.

having or prompted by wisdom or discernment

From this reading A list of the translations which were published during those years seemed so significant, if only from the point of view of quantity, that it was deemed wise to extend that study backward and forward fifty years in order to have the necessary material for a comparative study of the original list.

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Certain limitations have, of necessity, been put upon the scope of this work.

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading It soon became evident, however, that there were only two possible termini for such a study: the establishment of Caxton’s printing press in London in 1476 and the present year.

a late time of life

From this reading Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Faculty of Philosophy, Columbia University [ This book had its origin in a preliminary study of the attitude of the first thirty years of the nineteenth century toward the classics.