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Erewhon
Erewhon

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Erewhon is here in full — 61 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.
Towards nightfall we had made a matter of some five-and-twenty miles, and camped at the point where the river entered upon the gorge.
The weather was delightfully warm, considering that the valley in which we were encamped must have been at least two thousand feet above the level of the sea.
The river-bed was here about a mile and a half broad and entirely covered with shingle over which the river ran in many winding channels, looking, when seen from above, like a tangled skein of ribbon, and glistening in the sun.
We knew that it was liable to very sudden and heavy freshets; but even had we not known it, we could have seen it by the snags of trees, which must have been carried long distances, and by the mass of vegetable and mineral _débris_ which was banked against their lower side, showing that at times the whole river-bed must be covered with a roaring torrent many feet in depth and of ungovernable fury.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Erewhon

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Erewhon is here in full — 61 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/12 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.
/ðə fɜːrst deɪ wiː hæd æn ˈiːzi taɪm ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ ʌp ðə ɡreɪt flæts baɪ ðə ˈrɪvər saɪd wɪtʃ hæd ɔːlˈredi bɪn twaɪs bɜːrnd soʊ ðæt ðer wɑːz noʊ dens ˈʌndərɡroʊθ tuː tʃek ʌs ðoʊ ðə ɡraʊnd wɑːz ˈɔːfən rʌf ənd wiː hæd tuː ɡoʊ ə ɡʊd diːl əˈpɑːn ðə ˈrɪvərbed/
Line 2
Towards nightfall we had made a matter of some five-and-twenty miles, and camped at the point where the river entered upon the gorge.
Line 3
The weather was delightfully warm, considering that the valley in which we were encamped must have been at least two thousand feet above the level of the sea.
/ðə ˈweðər wɑːz dɪˈlaɪtfəli wɔːrm kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ðæt ðə ˈvæli ɪn wɪtʃ wiː wɜːr ɪnˈkæmpt mʌst hæv bɪn æt liːst tuː ˈθaʊzənd fiːt əˈbʌv ðə ˈlevəl ʌv ðə siː/
Line 4
The river-bed was here about a mile and a half broad and entirely covered with shingle over which the river ran in many winding channels, looking, when seen from above, like a tangled skein of ribbon, and glistening in the sun.
Line 5
We knew that it was liable to very sudden and heavy freshets; but even had we not known it, we could have seen it by the snags of trees, which must have been carried long distances, and by the mass of vegetable and mineral _débris_ which was banked against their lower side, showing that at times the whole river-bed must be covered with a roaring torrent many feet in depth and of ungovernable fury.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

banked verb US /bæŋkt/

past form of “bank” — tip laterally

From this reading “We knew that it was liable to very sudden and heavy freshets; but even had we not known it, we could have seen it by the snags of trees, which must have been carried long distances, and by the mass of vegetable and mineral _débris_ which was banked against their lower side, showing that at times the whole river-bed must be covered with a roaring torrent many feet in depth and of ungovernable fury.”

mineral noun US /ˈmɪnərəl/

solid homogeneous inorganic substances occurring in nature having a definite chemical composition

From this reading “We knew that it was liable to very sudden and heavy freshets; but even had we not known it, we could have seen it by the snags of trees, which must have been carried long distances, and by the mass of vegetable and mineral _débris_ which was banked against their lower side, showing that at times the whole river-bed must be covered with a roaring torrent many feet in depth and of ungovernable fury.”

riverbed noun US /ˈrɪvərbed/

a channel occupied (or formerly occupied) by a river

From this reading “The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.”

shingle noun US /ˈʃɪŋɡəl/

building material used as siding or roofing

From this reading “The river-bed was here about a mile and a half broad and entirely covered with shingle over which the river ran in many winding channels, looking, when seen from above, like a tangled skein of ribbon, and glistening in the sun.”

skein noun US /skeɪn/

coils of worsted yarn

From this reading “The river-bed was here about a mile and a half broad and entirely covered with shingle over which the river ran in many winding channels, looking, when seen from above, like a tangled skein of ribbon, and glistening in the sun.”

snags noun US /snæɡz/

plural of “snag” — a sharp protuberance

From this reading “We knew that it was liable to very sudden and heavy freshets; but even had we not known it, we could have seen it by the snags of trees, which must have been carried long distances, and by the mass of vegetable and mineral _débris_ which was banked against their lower side, showing that at times the whole river-bed must be covered with a roaring torrent many feet in depth and of ungovernable fury.”

undergrowth noun US /ˈʌndərɡroʊθ/

the brush (small trees and bushes and ferns etc.) growing beneath taller trees in a wood or forest

From this reading “The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.”

ungovernable adjective US /ənˈɡʌvərnəbəl/

incapable of being controlled

From this reading “We knew that it was liable to very sudden and heavy freshets; but even had we not known it, we could have seen it by the snags of trees, which must have been carried long distances, and by the mass of vegetable and mineral _débris_ which was banked against their lower side, showing that at times the whole river-bed must be covered with a roaring torrent many feet in depth and of ungovernable fury.”

All words in this reading · 131

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The river-bed was here about a mile and a half broad and entirely covered with shingle over which the river ran in many winding channels, looking, when seen from above, like a tangled skein of ribbon, and glistening in the sun.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading The weather was delightfully warm, considering that the valley in which we were encamped must have been at least two thousand feet above the level of the sea.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading We knew that it was liable to very sudden and heavy freshets; but even had we not known it, we could have seen it by the snags of trees, which must have been carried long distances, and by the mass of vegetable and mineral _débris_ which was banked against their lower side, showing that at times the whole river-bed must be covered with a roaring torrent many feet in depth and of ungovernable fury.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Towards nightfall we had made a matter of some five-and-twenty miles, and camped at the point where the river entered upon the gorge.

bankedverbUS /bæŋkt/

past form of “bank” — tip laterally

From this reading We knew that it was liable to very sudden and heavy freshets; but even had we not known it, we could have seen it by the snags of trees, which must have been carried long distances, and by the mass of vegetable and mineral _débris_ which was banked against their lower side, showing that at times the whole river-bed must be covered with a roaring torrent many feet in depth and of ungovernable fury.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading We knew that it was liable to very sudden and heavy freshets; but even had we not known it, we could have seen it by the snags of trees, which must have been carried long distances, and by the mass of vegetable and mineral _débris_ which was banked against their lower side, showing that at times the whole river-bed must be covered with a roaring torrent many feet in depth and of ungovernable fury.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.

broadadjectiveUS /brɔːd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading The river-bed was here about a mile and a half broad and entirely covered with shingle over which the river ran in many winding channels, looking, when seen from above, like a tangled skein of ribbon, and glistening in the sun.

burnedadjectiveUS /bɜːrnd/

treated by heating to a high temperature but below the melting or fusing point

From this reading The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading We knew that it was liable to very sudden and heavy freshets; but even had we not known it, we could have seen it by the snags of trees, which must have been carried long distances, and by the mass of vegetable and mineral _débris_ which was banked against their lower side, showing that at times the whole river-bed must be covered with a roaring torrent many feet in depth and of ungovernable fury.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.

campedverbUS /kæmpt/

past form of “camp” — live in or as if in a tent

From this reading Towards nightfall we had made a matter of some five-and-twenty miles, and camped at the point where the river entered upon the gorge.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading We knew that it was liable to very sudden and heavy freshets; but even had we not known it, we could have seen it by the snags of trees, which must have been carried long distances, and by the mass of vegetable and mineral _débris_ which was banked against their lower side, showing that at times the whole river-bed must be covered with a roaring torrent many feet in depth and of ungovernable fury.

channelsnounUS /ˈtʃænəlz/

official routes of communication

From this reading The river-bed was here about a mile and a half broad and entirely covered with shingle over which the river ran in many winding channels, looking, when seen from above, like a tangled skein of ribbon, and glistening in the sun.

checkverbUS /tʃek/

examine so as to determine accuracy, quality, or condition

From this reading The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.

consideringverbUS /kənˈsɪdərɪŋ/

-ing form of “consider” — deem to be

From this reading The weather was delightfully warm, considering that the valley in which we were encamped must have been at least two thousand feet above the level of the sea.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading We knew that it was liable to very sudden and heavy freshets; but even had we not known it, we could have seen it by the snags of trees, which must have been carried long distances, and by the mass of vegetable and mineral _débris_ which was banked against their lower side, showing that at times the whole river-bed must be covered with a roaring torrent many feet in depth and of ungovernable fury.

coveredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌvərd/

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading The river-bed was here about a mile and a half broad and entirely covered with shingle over which the river ran in many winding channels, looking, when seen from above, like a tangled skein of ribbon, and glistening in the sun.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.

dealverbUS /diːl/

act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression

From this reading The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.

delightfullyadverbUS /dɪˈlaɪtfəli/

in a delightful manner

From this reading The weather was delightfully warm, considering that the valley in which we were encamped must have been at least two thousand feet above the level of the sea.

denseadjectiveUS /dens/

permitting little if any light to pass through because of denseness of matter

From this reading The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.

depthnounUS /depθ/

the extent downward or backward or inward

From this reading We knew that it was liable to very sudden and heavy freshets; but even had we not known it, we could have seen it by the snags of trees, which must have been carried long distances, and by the mass of vegetable and mineral _débris_ which was banked against their lower side, showing that at times the whole river-bed must be covered with a roaring torrent many feet in depth and of ungovernable fury.

distancesnounUS /ˈdɪstənsəz/

plural of “distance” — the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading We knew that it was liable to very sudden and heavy freshets; but even had we not known it, we could have seen it by the snags of trees, which must have been carried long distances, and by the mass of vegetable and mineral _débris_ which was banked against their lower side, showing that at times the whole river-bed must be covered with a roaring torrent many feet in depth and of ungovernable fury.

débris

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We knew that it was liable to very sudden and heavy freshets; but even had we not known it, we could have seen it by the snags of trees, which must have been carried long distances, and by the mass of vegetable and mineral _débris_ which was banked against their lower side, showing that at times the whole river-bed must be covered with a roaring torrent many feet in depth and of ungovernable fury.

easyadjectiveUS /ˈiːzi/

posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.

encampedverbUS /ɪnˈkæmpt/

past form of “encamp” — live in or as if in a tent

From this reading The weather was delightfully warm, considering that the valley in which we were encamped must have been at least two thousand feet above the level of the sea.

enteredverbUS /ˈentərd/

past form of “enter” — to come or go into

From this reading Towards nightfall we had made a matter of some five-and-twenty miles, and camped at the point where the river entered upon the gorge.

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading The river-bed was here about a mile and a half broad and entirely covered with shingle over which the river ran in many winding channels, looking, when seen from above, like a tangled skein of ribbon, and glistening in the sun.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading We knew that it was liable to very sudden and heavy freshets; but even had we not known it, we could have seen it by the snags of trees, which must have been carried long distances, and by the mass of vegetable and mineral _débris_ which was banked against their lower side, showing that at times the whole river-bed must be covered with a roaring torrent many feet in depth and of ungovernable fury.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading The weather was delightfully warm, considering that the valley in which we were encamped must have been at least two thousand feet above the level of the sea.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.

five-and-twenty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Towards nightfall we had made a matter of some five-and-twenty miles, and camped at the point where the river entered upon the gorge.

flatsnounUS /flæts/

footwear (shoes or slippers) with no heel (or a very low heel)

From this reading The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.

freshets

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We knew that it was liable to very sudden and heavy freshets; but even had we not known it, we could have seen it by the snags of trees, which must have been carried long distances, and by the mass of vegetable and mineral _débris_ which was banked against their lower side, showing that at times the whole river-bed must be covered with a roaring torrent many feet in depth and of ungovernable fury.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The river-bed was here about a mile and a half broad and entirely covered with shingle over which the river ran in many winding channels, looking, when seen from above, like a tangled skein of ribbon, and glistening in the sun.

furynounUS /ˈfjʊri/

a feeling of intense anger

From this reading We knew that it was liable to very sudden and heavy freshets; but even had we not known it, we could have seen it by the snags of trees, which must have been carried long distances, and by the mass of vegetable and mineral _débris_ which was banked against their lower side, showing that at times the whole river-bed must be covered with a roaring torrent many feet in depth and of ungovernable fury.

glisteningadjectiveUS /ˈɡlɪsənɪŋ/

reflecting light

From this reading The river-bed was here about a mile and a half broad and entirely covered with shingle over which the river ran in many winding channels, looking, when seen from above, like a tangled skein of ribbon, and glistening in the sun.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.

gorgeverbUS /ɡɔːrdʒ/

overeat or eat immodestly; make a pig of oneself

From this reading Towards nightfall we had made a matter of some five-and-twenty miles, and camped at the point where the river entered upon the gorge.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading The river-bed was here about a mile and a half broad and entirely covered with shingle over which the river ran in many winding channels, looking, when seen from above, like a tangled skein of ribbon, and glistening in the sun.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The weather was delightfully warm, considering that the valley in which we were encamped must have been at least two thousand feet above the level of the sea.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading We knew that it was liable to very sudden and heavy freshets; but even had we not known it, we could have seen it by the snags of trees, which must have been carried long distances, and by the mass of vegetable and mineral _débris_ which was banked against their lower side, showing that at times the whole river-bed must be covered with a roaring torrent many feet in depth and of ungovernable fury.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading The river-bed was here about a mile and a half broad and entirely covered with shingle over which the river ran in many winding channels, looking, when seen from above, like a tangled skein of ribbon, and glistening in the sun.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The weather was delightfully warm, considering that the valley in which we were encamped must have been at least two thousand feet above the level of the sea.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading We knew that it was liable to very sudden and heavy freshets; but even had we not known it, we could have seen it by the snags of trees, which must have been carried long distances, and by the mass of vegetable and mineral _débris_ which was banked against their lower side, showing that at times the whole river-bed must be covered with a roaring torrent many feet in depth and of ungovernable fury.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading We knew that it was liable to very sudden and heavy freshets; but even had we not known it, we could have seen it by the snags of trees, which must have been carried long distances, and by the mass of vegetable and mineral _débris_ which was banked against their lower side, showing that at times the whole river-bed must be covered with a roaring torrent many feet in depth and of ungovernable fury.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading We knew that it was liable to very sudden and heavy freshets; but even had we not known it, we could have seen it by the snags of trees, which must have been carried long distances, and by the mass of vegetable and mineral _débris_ which was banked against their lower side, showing that at times the whole river-bed must be covered with a roaring torrent many feet in depth and of ungovernable fury.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading The weather was delightfully warm, considering that the valley in which we were encamped must have been at least two thousand feet above the level of the sea.

levelnounUS /ˈlevəl/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading The weather was delightfully warm, considering that the valley in which we were encamped must have been at least two thousand feet above the level of the sea.

liableadjectiveUS /ˈlaɪəbəl/

at risk of or subject to experiencing something usually unpleasant

From this reading We knew that it was liable to very sudden and heavy freshets; but even had we not known it, we could have seen it by the snags of trees, which must have been carried long distances, and by the mass of vegetable and mineral _débris_ which was banked against their lower side, showing that at times the whole river-bed must be covered with a roaring torrent many feet in depth and of ungovernable fury.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading The river-bed was here about a mile and a half broad and entirely covered with shingle over which the river ran in many winding channels, looking, when seen from above, like a tangled skein of ribbon, and glistening in the sun.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading We knew that it was liable to very sudden and heavy freshets; but even had we not known it, we could have seen it by the snags of trees, which must have been carried long distances, and by the mass of vegetable and mineral _débris_ which was banked against their lower side, showing that at times the whole river-bed must be covered with a roaring torrent many feet in depth and of ungovernable fury.

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading The river-bed was here about a mile and a half broad and entirely covered with shingle over which the river ran in many winding channels, looking, when seen from above, like a tangled skein of ribbon, and glistening in the sun.

lowerverbUS /ˈloʊər/

move something or somebody to a lower position

From this reading We knew that it was liable to very sudden and heavy freshets; but even had we not known it, we could have seen it by the snags of trees, which must have been carried long distances, and by the mass of vegetable and mineral _débris_ which was banked against their lower side, showing that at times the whole river-bed must be covered with a roaring torrent many feet in depth and of ungovernable fury.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Towards nightfall we had made a matter of some five-and-twenty miles, and camped at the point where the river entered upon the gorge.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The river-bed was here about a mile and a half broad and entirely covered with shingle over which the river ran in many winding channels, looking, when seen from above, like a tangled skein of ribbon, and glistening in the sun.

massnounUS /mæs/

the property of a body that causes it to have weight in a gravitational field

From this reading We knew that it was liable to very sudden and heavy freshets; but even had we not known it, we could have seen it by the snags of trees, which must have been carried long distances, and by the mass of vegetable and mineral _débris_ which was banked against their lower side, showing that at times the whole river-bed must be covered with a roaring torrent many feet in depth and of ungovernable fury.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading Towards nightfall we had made a matter of some five-and-twenty miles, and camped at the point where the river entered upon the gorge.

milenounUS /maɪl/

a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading The river-bed was here about a mile and a half broad and entirely covered with shingle over which the river ran in many winding channels, looking, when seen from above, like a tangled skein of ribbon, and glistening in the sun.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading Towards nightfall we had made a matter of some five-and-twenty miles, and camped at the point where the river entered upon the gorge.

mineralnounUS /ˈmɪnərəl/

solid homogeneous inorganic substances occurring in nature having a definite chemical composition

From this reading We knew that it was liable to very sudden and heavy freshets; but even had we not known it, we could have seen it by the snags of trees, which must have been carried long distances, and by the mass of vegetable and mineral _débris_ which was banked against their lower side, showing that at times the whole river-bed must be covered with a roaring torrent many feet in depth and of ungovernable fury.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading The weather was delightfully warm, considering that the valley in which we were encamped must have been at least two thousand feet above the level of the sea.

nightfallnounUS /ˈnaɪtfɔːl/

the time of day immediately following sunset

From this reading Towards nightfall we had made a matter of some five-and-twenty miles, and camped at the point where the river entered upon the gorge.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading We knew that it was liable to very sudden and heavy freshets; but even had we not known it, we could have seen it by the snags of trees, which must have been carried long distances, and by the mass of vegetable and mineral _débris_ which was banked against their lower side, showing that at times the whole river-bed must be covered with a roaring torrent many feet in depth and of ungovernable fury.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Towards nightfall we had made a matter of some five-and-twenty miles, and camped at the point where the river entered upon the gorge.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The river-bed was here about a mile and a half broad and entirely covered with shingle over which the river ran in many winding channels, looking, when seen from above, like a tangled skein of ribbon, and glistening in the sun.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading Towards nightfall we had made a matter of some five-and-twenty miles, and camped at the point where the river entered upon the gorge.

ranverbUS /ræn/

inflected form of “run” — move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading The river-bed was here about a mile and a half broad and entirely covered with shingle over which the river ran in many winding channels, looking, when seen from above, like a tangled skein of ribbon, and glistening in the sun.

ribbonnounUS /ˈrɪbən/

any long object resembling a thin line

From this reading The river-bed was here about a mile and a half broad and entirely covered with shingle over which the river ran in many winding channels, looking, when seen from above, like a tangled skein of ribbon, and glistening in the sun.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.

river-bed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The river-bed was here about a mile and a half broad and entirely covered with shingle over which the river ran in many winding channels, looking, when seen from above, like a tangled skein of ribbon, and glistening in the sun.

riverbednounUS /ˈrɪvərbed/

a channel occupied (or formerly occupied) by a river

From this reading The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.

roaringnounUS /ˈrɔːrɪŋ/

a deep prolonged loud noise

From this reading We knew that it was liable to very sudden and heavy freshets; but even had we not known it, we could have seen it by the snags of trees, which must have been carried long distances, and by the mass of vegetable and mineral _débris_ which was banked against their lower side, showing that at times the whole river-bed must be covered with a roaring torrent many feet in depth and of ungovernable fury.

roughadjectiveUS /rʌf/

having or caused by an irregular surface

From this reading The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading The weather was delightfully warm, considering that the valley in which we were encamped must have been at least two thousand feet above the level of the sea.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading The river-bed was here about a mile and a half broad and entirely covered with shingle over which the river ran in many winding channels, looking, when seen from above, like a tangled skein of ribbon, and glistening in the sun.

shinglenounUS /ˈʃɪŋɡəl/

building material used as siding or roofing

From this reading The river-bed was here about a mile and a half broad and entirely covered with shingle over which the river ran in many winding channels, looking, when seen from above, like a tangled skein of ribbon, and glistening in the sun.

showingnounUS /ˈʃoʊɪŋ/

the display of a motion picture

From this reading We knew that it was liable to very sudden and heavy freshets; but even had we not known it, we could have seen it by the snags of trees, which must have been carried long distances, and by the mass of vegetable and mineral _débris_ which was banked against their lower side, showing that at times the whole river-bed must be covered with a roaring torrent many feet in depth and of ungovernable fury.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.

skeinnounUS /skeɪn/

coils of worsted yarn

From this reading The river-bed was here about a mile and a half broad and entirely covered with shingle over which the river ran in many winding channels, looking, when seen from above, like a tangled skein of ribbon, and glistening in the sun.

snagsnounUS /snæɡz/

plural of “snag” — a sharp protuberance

From this reading We knew that it was liable to very sudden and heavy freshets; but even had we not known it, we could have seen it by the snags of trees, which must have been carried long distances, and by the mass of vegetable and mineral _débris_ which was banked against their lower side, showing that at times the whole river-bed must be covered with a roaring torrent many feet in depth and of ungovernable fury.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Towards nightfall we had made a matter of some five-and-twenty miles, and camped at the point where the river entered upon the gorge.

suddenadjectiveUS /ˈsʌdən/

happening without warning or in a short space of time

From this reading We knew that it was liable to very sudden and heavy freshets; but even had we not known it, we could have seen it by the snags of trees, which must have been carried long distances, and by the mass of vegetable and mineral _débris_ which was banked against their lower side, showing that at times the whole river-bed must be covered with a roaring torrent many feet in depth and of ungovernable fury.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading The river-bed was here about a mile and a half broad and entirely covered with shingle over which the river ran in many winding channels, looking, when seen from above, like a tangled skein of ribbon, and glistening in the sun.

tangledadjectiveUS /ˈtæŋɡəld/

in a confused mass

From this reading The river-bed was here about a mile and a half broad and entirely covered with shingle over which the river ran in many winding channels, looking, when seen from above, like a tangled skein of ribbon, and glistening in the sun.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading We knew that it was liable to very sudden and heavy freshets; but even had we not known it, we could have seen it by the snags of trees, which must have been carried long distances, and by the mass of vegetable and mineral _débris_ which was banked against their lower side, showing that at times the whole river-bed must be covered with a roaring torrent many feet in depth and of ungovernable fury.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading The weather was delightfully warm, considering that the valley in which we were encamped must have been at least two thousand feet above the level of the sea.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading We knew that it was liable to very sudden and heavy freshets; but even had we not known it, we could have seen it by the snags of trees, which must have been carried long distances, and by the mass of vegetable and mineral _débris_ which was banked against their lower side, showing that at times the whole river-bed must be covered with a roaring torrent many feet in depth and of ungovernable fury.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.

torrentnounUS /ˈtɔːrənt/

a heavy rain

From this reading We knew that it was liable to very sudden and heavy freshets; but even had we not known it, we could have seen it by the snags of trees, which must have been carried long distances, and by the mass of vegetable and mineral _débris_ which was banked against their lower side, showing that at times the whole river-bed must be covered with a roaring torrent many feet in depth and of ungovernable fury.

TowardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading Towards nightfall we had made a matter of some five-and-twenty miles, and camped at the point where the river entered upon the gorge.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading We knew that it was liable to very sudden and heavy freshets; but even had we not known it, we could have seen it by the snags of trees, which must have been carried long distances, and by the mass of vegetable and mineral _débris_ which was banked against their lower side, showing that at times the whole river-bed must be covered with a roaring torrent many feet in depth and of ungovernable fury.

twiceadverbUS /twaɪs/

two times

From this reading The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The weather was delightfully warm, considering that the valley in which we were encamped must have been at least two thousand feet above the level of the sea.

undergrowthnounUS /ˈʌndərɡroʊθ/

the brush (small trees and bushes and ferns etc.) growing beneath taller trees in a wood or forest

From this reading The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.

ungovernableadjectiveUS /ənˈɡʌvərnəbəl/

incapable of being controlled

From this reading We knew that it was liable to very sudden and heavy freshets; but even had we not known it, we could have seen it by the snags of trees, which must have been carried long distances, and by the mass of vegetable and mineral _débris_ which was banked against their lower side, showing that at times the whole river-bed must be covered with a roaring torrent many feet in depth and of ungovernable fury.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.

valleynounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading The weather was delightfully warm, considering that the valley in which we were encamped must have been at least two thousand feet above the level of the sea.

vegetablenounUS /ˈvedʒtəbəl/

edible seeds or roots or stems or leaves or bulbs or tubers or nonsweet fruits of any of numerous herbaceous plant

From this reading We knew that it was liable to very sudden and heavy freshets; but even had we not known it, we could have seen it by the snags of trees, which must have been carried long distances, and by the mass of vegetable and mineral _débris_ which was banked against their lower side, showing that at times the whole river-bed must be covered with a roaring torrent many feet in depth and of ungovernable fury.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading We knew that it was liable to very sudden and heavy freshets; but even had we not known it, we could have seen it by the snags of trees, which must have been carried long distances, and by the mass of vegetable and mineral _débris_ which was banked against their lower side, showing that at times the whole river-bed must be covered with a roaring torrent many feet in depth and of ungovernable fury.

warmadjectiveUS /wɔːrm/

having or producing a comfortable and agreeable degree of heat or imparting or maintaining heat

From this reading The weather was delightfully warm, considering that the valley in which we were encamped must have been at least two thousand feet above the level of the sea.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.

weathernounUS /ˈweðər/

the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation

From this reading The weather was delightfully warm, considering that the valley in which we were encamped must have been at least two thousand feet above the level of the sea.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The weather was delightfully warm, considering that the valley in which we were encamped must have been at least two thousand feet above the level of the sea.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The river-bed was here about a mile and a half broad and entirely covered with shingle over which the river ran in many winding channels, looking, when seen from above, like a tangled skein of ribbon, and glistening in the sun.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Towards nightfall we had made a matter of some five-and-twenty miles, and camped at the point where the river entered upon the gorge.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The first day we had an easy time, following up the great flats by the river side, which had already been twice burned, so that there was no dense undergrowth to check us, though the ground was often rough, and we had to go a good deal upon the riverbed.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading We knew that it was liable to very sudden and heavy freshets; but even had we not known it, we could have seen it by the snags of trees, which must have been carried long distances, and by the mass of vegetable and mineral _débris_ which was banked against their lower side, showing that at times the whole river-bed must be covered with a roaring torrent many feet in depth and of ungovernable fury.

windingadjectiveUS /ˈwaɪndɪŋ/

marked by repeated turns and bends

From this reading The river-bed was here about a mile and a half broad and entirely covered with shingle over which the river ran in many winding channels, looking, when seen from above, like a tangled skein of ribbon, and glistening in the sun.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The river-bed was here about a mile and a half broad and entirely covered with shingle over which the river ran in many winding channels, looking, when seen from above, like a tangled skein of ribbon, and glistening in the sun.

Chapter 4 of Erewhon by Samuel Butler holds 61 sentences, grouped into 13 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Erewhon contain?

Chapter 4 holds 61 sentences of Erewhon, unabridged, divided into 13 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Erewhon by Samuel Butler exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 61 sentences, grouped into 13 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Erewhon?

Work through the 13 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 13 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Erewhon

Common questions about reading Erewhon by Samuel Butler on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Erewhon?

Yes. All 2464 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1906 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Erewhon is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1906, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Erewhon take to read?

About 205 minutes of reading across 493 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Erewhon section by section

How to work through Erewhon section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 30 chapters of Erewhon to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Erewhon

Words and structures a reader meets early in Erewhon, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Erewhon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wishes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Erewhon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Understood
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Erewhon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Erewhon
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Erewhon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.