Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Eric
Eric

Chapter XV · Chapter 15

Chapter 15 of Eric is here in full — 134 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Eric
Context Illustration Reading 1/26 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
ABDIEL [Greek: Phtheirousin aethae chraesth omiliai kakai].--MENANDEB.
A year had passed since the events narrated in the last chapter, and had brought with it many changes.
To Eric the changes were not for good.
The memories of Russell were getting dim; the resolutions made during his illness had vanished; the bad habits laid aside after his death had been resumed.
All this took place very gradually; there were many inward struggles, much occasional remorse, but the struggles by degrees grew weaker, and remorse lost its sting, and Eric Williams soon learned again to follow the multitude to do evil.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Eric

Chapter XV · Chapter 15

Chapter 15 of Eric is here in full — 134 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ABDIEL [Greek: Phtheirousin aethae chraesthomiliai kakai].--MENANDEB.
Line 2
A year had passed since the events narrated in the last chapter, and had brought with it many changes.
/ə jɪr hæd pæst sɪns ðə ɪˈvents ˈnereɪtɪd ɪn ðə læst ˈtʃæptər ənd hæd brɔːt wɪð ɪt ˈmeni ˈtʃeɪndʒəz/
Line 3
To Eric the changes were not for good.
Line 4
The memories of Russell were getting dim; the resolutions made during his illness had vanished; the bad habits laid aside after his death had been resumed.
/ðə ˈmɛm.ə.riz ʌv ˈrʌsəl wɜːr ˈɡetɪŋ dɪm ðə ˌrezəˈluːʃənz meɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz ˈɪlnəs hæd ˈvænɪʃt ðə bæd ˈhæbəts leɪd əˈsaɪd ˈæftər hɪz deθ hæd bɪn rɪˈzuːmd/
Line 5
All this took place very gradually; there were many inward struggles, much occasional remorse, but the struggles by degrees grew weaker, and remorse lost its sting, and Eric Williams soon learned again to follow the multitude to do evil.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

inward adjective US /ˈɪnwərd/

relating to or existing in the mind or thoughts

From this reading “All this took place very gradually; there were many inward struggles, much occasional remorse, but the struggles by degrees grew weaker, and remorse lost its sting, and Eric Williams soon learned again to follow the multitude to do evil.”

narrated verb US /ˈnereɪtɪd/

past form of “narrate” — provide commentary for a film, for example

From this reading “A year had passed since the events narrated in the last chapter, and had brought with it many changes.”

resolutions noun US /ˌrezəˈluːʃənz/

plural of “resolution” — a formal expression by a meeting; agreed to by a vote

From this reading “The memories of Russell were getting dim; the resolutions made during his illness had vanished; the bad habits laid aside after his death had been resumed.”

Russell noun US /ˈrʌsəl/

United States religious leader who founded the sect that is now called Jehovah's Witnesses (1852-1916)

From this reading “The memories of Russell were getting dim; the resolutions made during his illness had vanished; the bad habits laid aside after his death had been resumed.”

sting verb US /stɪŋ/

cause a sharp or stinging pain or discomfort

From this reading “All this took place very gradually; there were many inward struggles, much occasional remorse, but the struggles by degrees grew weaker, and remorse lost its sting, and Eric Williams soon learned again to follow the multitude to do evil.”

struggles noun US /ˈstrʌɡəlz/

plural of “struggle” — an energetic attempt to achieve something

From this reading “All this took place very gradually; there were many inward struggles, much occasional remorse, but the struggles by degrees grew weaker, and remorse lost its sting, and Eric Williams soon learned again to follow the multitude to do evil.”

weaker adjective US /ˈwiːkər/

comparative of “weak” — wanting in physical strength

From this reading “All this took place very gradually; there were many inward struggles, much occasional remorse, but the struggles by degrees grew weaker, and remorse lost its sting, and Eric Williams soon learned again to follow the multitude to do evil.”

Williams noun US /ˈwɪljəmz/

United States country singer and songwriter (1923-1953)

From this reading “All this took place very gradually; there were many inward struggles, much occasional remorse, but the struggles by degrees grew weaker, and remorse lost its sting, and Eric Williams soon learned again to follow the multitude to do evil.”

All words in this reading · 78

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A year had passed since the events narrated in the last chapter, and had brought with it many changes.

ABDIEL

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ABDIEL [Greek: Phtheirousin aethae chraesth’ omiliai kakai].--MENANDEB.

aethae

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ABDIEL [Greek: Phtheirousin aethae chraesth’ omiliai kakai].--MENANDEB.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading The memories of Russell were getting dim; the resolutions made during his illness had vanished; the bad habits laid aside after his death had been resumed.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading All this took place very gradually; there were many inward struggles, much occasional remorse, but the struggles by degrees grew weaker, and remorse lost its sting, and Eric Williams soon learned again to follow the multitude to do evil.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading All this took place very gradually; there were many inward struggles, much occasional remorse, but the struggles by degrees grew weaker, and remorse lost its sting, and Eric Williams soon learned again to follow the multitude to do evil.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A year had passed since the events narrated in the last chapter, and had brought with it many changes.

asideadverbUS /əˈsaɪd/

on or to one side

From this reading The memories of Russell were getting dim; the resolutions made during his illness had vanished; the bad habits laid aside after his death had been resumed.

badadjectiveUS /bæd/

having undesirable or negative qualities

From this reading The memories of Russell were getting dim; the resolutions made during his illness had vanished; the bad habits laid aside after his death had been resumed.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The memories of Russell were getting dim; the resolutions made during his illness had vanished; the bad habits laid aside after his death had been resumed.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading A year had passed since the events narrated in the last chapter, and had brought with it many changes.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading All this took place very gradually; there were many inward struggles, much occasional remorse, but the struggles by degrees grew weaker, and remorse lost its sting, and Eric Williams soon learned again to follow the multitude to do evil.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading All this took place very gradually; there were many inward struggles, much occasional remorse, but the struggles by degrees grew weaker, and remorse lost its sting, and Eric Williams soon learned again to follow the multitude to do evil.

changesnounUS /ˈtʃeɪndʒəz/

plural of “change” — an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another

From this reading A year had passed since the events narrated in the last chapter, and had brought with it many changes.

chapternounUS /ˈtʃæptər/

a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading A year had passed since the events narrated in the last chapter, and had brought with it many changes.

chraesth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ABDIEL [Greek: Phtheirousin aethae chraesth’ omiliai kakai].--MENANDEB.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading The memories of Russell were getting dim; the resolutions made during his illness had vanished; the bad habits laid aside after his death had been resumed.

degreesnounUS /dɪˈɡriːz/

plural of “degree” — a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading All this took place very gradually; there were many inward struggles, much occasional remorse, but the struggles by degrees grew weaker, and remorse lost its sting, and Eric Williams soon learned again to follow the multitude to do evil.

dimadjectiveUS /dɪm/

lacking in light; not bright or harsh

From this reading The memories of Russell were getting dim; the resolutions made during his illness had vanished; the bad habits laid aside after his death had been resumed.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading All this took place very gradually; there were many inward struggles, much occasional remorse, but the struggles by degrees grew weaker, and remorse lost its sting, and Eric Williams soon learned again to follow the multitude to do evil.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading The memories of Russell were getting dim; the resolutions made during his illness had vanished; the bad habits laid aside after his death had been resumed.

Eric

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To Eric the changes were not for good.

eventsnounUS /ɪˈvents/

plural of “event” — something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading A year had passed since the events narrated in the last chapter, and had brought with it many changes.

evilnounUS /ˈiːvəl/

morally objectionable behavior

From this reading All this took place very gradually; there were many inward struggles, much occasional remorse, but the struggles by degrees grew weaker, and remorse lost its sting, and Eric Williams soon learned again to follow the multitude to do evil.

followverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊ/

to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading All this took place very gradually; there were many inward struggles, much occasional remorse, but the struggles by degrees grew weaker, and remorse lost its sting, and Eric Williams soon learned again to follow the multitude to do evil.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading To Eric the changes were not for good.

gettingnounUS /ˈɡetɪŋ/

the act of acquiring something

From this reading The memories of Russell were getting dim; the resolutions made during his illness had vanished; the bad habits laid aside after his death had been resumed.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading To Eric the changes were not for good.

graduallyadverbUS /ˈɡrædʒuːəli/

in a gradual manner

From this reading All this took place very gradually; there were many inward struggles, much occasional remorse, but the struggles by degrees grew weaker, and remorse lost its sting, and Eric Williams soon learned again to follow the multitude to do evil.

GreeknounUS /ɡriːk/

the Hellenic branch of the Indo-European family of languages

From this reading ABDIEL [Greek: Phtheirousin aethae chraesth’ omiliai kakai].--MENANDEB.

grewverbUS /ɡruː/

inflected form of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading All this took place very gradually; there were many inward struggles, much occasional remorse, but the struggles by degrees grew weaker, and remorse lost its sting, and Eric Williams soon learned again to follow the multitude to do evil.

habitsnounUS /ˈhæbəts/

plural of “habit” — an established custom

From this reading The memories of Russell were getting dim; the resolutions made during his illness had vanished; the bad habits laid aside after his death had been resumed.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading A year had passed since the events narrated in the last chapter, and had brought with it many changes.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The memories of Russell were getting dim; the resolutions made during his illness had vanished; the bad habits laid aside after his death had been resumed.

illnessnounUS /ˈɪlnəs/

impairment of normal physiological function affecting part or all of an organism

From this reading The memories of Russell were getting dim; the resolutions made during his illness had vanished; the bad habits laid aside after his death had been resumed.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A year had passed since the events narrated in the last chapter, and had brought with it many changes.

inwardadjectiveUS /ˈɪnwərd/

relating to or existing in the mind or thoughts

From this reading All this took place very gradually; there were many inward struggles, much occasional remorse, but the struggles by degrees grew weaker, and remorse lost its sting, and Eric Williams soon learned again to follow the multitude to do evil.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading A year had passed since the events narrated in the last chapter, and had brought with it many changes.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading All this took place very gradually; there were many inward struggles, much occasional remorse, but the struggles by degrees grew weaker, and remorse lost its sting, and Eric Williams soon learned again to follow the multitude to do evil.

kakai

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ABDIEL [Greek: Phtheirousin aethae chraesth’ omiliai kakai].--MENANDEB.

laidadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading The memories of Russell were getting dim; the resolutions made during his illness had vanished; the bad habits laid aside after his death had been resumed.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading A year had passed since the events narrated in the last chapter, and had brought with it many changes.

learnedadjectiveUS /lɜːrnd/

having or showing profound knowledge

From this reading All this took place very gradually; there were many inward struggles, much occasional remorse, but the struggles by degrees grew weaker, and remorse lost its sting, and Eric Williams soon learned again to follow the multitude to do evil.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading All this took place very gradually; there were many inward struggles, much occasional remorse, but the struggles by degrees grew weaker, and remorse lost its sting, and Eric Williams soon learned again to follow the multitude to do evil.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The memories of Russell were getting dim; the resolutions made during his illness had vanished; the bad habits laid aside after his death had been resumed.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading A year had passed since the events narrated in the last chapter, and had brought with it many changes.

memoriesnounUS /ˈmɛm.ə.riz/

Recollections of past events.

From this reading The memories of Russell were getting dim; the resolutions made during his illness had vanished; the bad habits laid aside after his death had been resumed.

MENANDEB

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ABDIEL [Greek: Phtheirousin aethae chraesth’ omiliai kakai].--MENANDEB.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading All this took place very gradually; there were many inward struggles, much occasional remorse, but the struggles by degrees grew weaker, and remorse lost its sting, and Eric Williams soon learned again to follow the multitude to do evil.

multitudenounUS /ˈmʌltətuːd/

a large indefinite number

From this reading All this took place very gradually; there were many inward struggles, much occasional remorse, but the struggles by degrees grew weaker, and remorse lost its sting, and Eric Williams soon learned again to follow the multitude to do evil.

narratedverbUS /ˈnereɪtɪd/

past form of “narrate” — provide commentary for a film, for example

From this reading A year had passed since the events narrated in the last chapter, and had brought with it many changes.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading To Eric the changes were not for good.

occasionaladjectiveUS /əˈkeɪʒənəl/

occurring from time to time

From this reading All this took place very gradually; there were many inward struggles, much occasional remorse, but the struggles by degrees grew weaker, and remorse lost its sting, and Eric Williams soon learned again to follow the multitude to do evil.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The memories of Russell were getting dim; the resolutions made during his illness had vanished; the bad habits laid aside after his death had been resumed.

omiliai

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ABDIEL [Greek: Phtheirousin aethae chraesth’ omiliai kakai].--MENANDEB.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading A year had passed since the events narrated in the last chapter, and had brought with it many changes.

Phtheirousin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ABDIEL [Greek: Phtheirousin aethae chraesth’ omiliai kakai].--MENANDEB.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading All this took place very gradually; there were many inward struggles, much occasional remorse, but the struggles by degrees grew weaker, and remorse lost its sting, and Eric Williams soon learned again to follow the multitude to do evil.

remorsenounUS /rɪˈmɔːrs/

a feeling of deep regret (usually for some misdeed)

From this reading All this took place very gradually; there were many inward struggles, much occasional remorse, but the struggles by degrees grew weaker, and remorse lost its sting, and Eric Williams soon learned again to follow the multitude to do evil.

resolutionsnounUS /ˌrezəˈluːʃənz/

plural of “resolution” — a formal expression by a meeting; agreed to by a vote

From this reading The memories of Russell were getting dim; the resolutions made during his illness had vanished; the bad habits laid aside after his death had been resumed.

resumedverbUS /rɪˈzuːmd/

past form of “resume” — take up or begin anew

From this reading The memories of Russell were getting dim; the resolutions made during his illness had vanished; the bad habits laid aside after his death had been resumed.

RussellnounUS /ˈrʌsəl/

United States religious leader who founded the sect that is now called Jehovah's Witnesses (1852-1916)

From this reading The memories of Russell were getting dim; the resolutions made during his illness had vanished; the bad habits laid aside after his death had been resumed.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading A year had passed since the events narrated in the last chapter, and had brought with it many changes.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading All this took place very gradually; there were many inward struggles, much occasional remorse, but the struggles by degrees grew weaker, and remorse lost its sting, and Eric Williams soon learned again to follow the multitude to do evil.

stingverbUS /stɪŋ/

cause a sharp or stinging pain or discomfort

From this reading All this took place very gradually; there were many inward struggles, much occasional remorse, but the struggles by degrees grew weaker, and remorse lost its sting, and Eric Williams soon learned again to follow the multitude to do evil.

strugglesnounUS /ˈstrʌɡəlz/

plural of “struggle” — an energetic attempt to achieve something

From this reading All this took place very gradually; there were many inward struggles, much occasional remorse, but the struggles by degrees grew weaker, and remorse lost its sting, and Eric Williams soon learned again to follow the multitude to do evil.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A year had passed since the events narrated in the last chapter, and had brought with it many changes.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading All this took place very gradually; there were many inward struggles, much occasional remorse, but the struggles by degrees grew weaker, and remorse lost its sting, and Eric Williams soon learned again to follow the multitude to do evil.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading All this took place very gradually; there were many inward struggles, much occasional remorse, but the struggles by degrees grew weaker, and remorse lost its sting, and Eric Williams soon learned again to follow the multitude to do evil.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading To Eric the changes were not for good.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading All this took place very gradually; there were many inward struggles, much occasional remorse, but the struggles by degrees grew weaker, and remorse lost its sting, and Eric Williams soon learned again to follow the multitude to do evil.

vanishedadjectiveUS /ˈvænɪʃt/

having passed out of existence

From this reading The memories of Russell were getting dim; the resolutions made during his illness had vanished; the bad habits laid aside after his death had been resumed.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading All this took place very gradually; there were many inward struggles, much occasional remorse, but the struggles by degrees grew weaker, and remorse lost its sting, and Eric Williams soon learned again to follow the multitude to do evil.

weakeradjectiveUS /ˈwiːkər/

comparative of “weak” — wanting in physical strength

From this reading All this took place very gradually; there were many inward struggles, much occasional remorse, but the struggles by degrees grew weaker, and remorse lost its sting, and Eric Williams soon learned again to follow the multitude to do evil.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading To Eric the changes were not for good.

WilliamsnounUS /ˈwɪljəmz/

United States country singer and songwriter (1923-1953)

From this reading All this took place very gradually; there were many inward struggles, much occasional remorse, but the struggles by degrees grew weaker, and remorse lost its sting, and Eric Williams soon learned again to follow the multitude to do evil.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading A year had passed since the events narrated in the last chapter, and had brought with it many changes.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading A year had passed since the events narrated in the last chapter, and had brought with it many changes.

Chapter 15 of Eric by F. W. (Frederic William) Farrar holds 134 sentences, grouped into 27 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 15 of Eric contain?

Chapter 15 holds 134 sentences of Eric, unabridged, divided into 27 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 15 of Eric by F. W. (Frederic William) Farrar exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 134 sentences, grouped into 27 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 15 of Eric?

Work through the 27 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 27 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 15 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 15 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Eric

Common questions about reading Eric by F. W. (Frederic William) Farrar on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Eric?

Yes. All 4569 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #12083 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Eric is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #12083, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Eric take to read?

About 380 minutes of reading across 914 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Eric section by section

How to work through Eric section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 28 chapters of Eric to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Eric

Words and structures a reader meets early in Eric, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Joyous
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Eric; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Woods
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Eric; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Vocal
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Eric; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Flowers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Eric; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.