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Essays and Lectures
Essays and Lectures

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Essays and Lectures is here in full — 125 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/25 · 5 lines
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Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.
He has had no worthy imitators.
It is rather, perhaps, to you that we should turn to complete and perfect this great movement of ours, for there is something Hellenic in your air and world, something that has a quicker breath of the joy and power of Elizabeth’s England about it than our ancient civilisation can give us.
For you, at least, are young; no hungry generations tread you down,’ and the past does not weary you with the intolerable burden of its memories nor mock you with the ruins of a beauty, the secret of whose creation you have lost.
That very absence of tradition, which Mr. Ruskin thought would rob your rivers of their laughter and your flowers of their light, may be rather the source of your freedom and your strength.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Essays and Lectures

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Essays and Lectures is here in full — 125 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/25 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.
Line 2
He has had no worthy imitators.
/hiː hæz hæd noʊ ˈwɜːr.ði ˈɪmɪteɪtərz/
Line 3
It is rather, perhaps, to you that we should turn to complete and perfect this great movement of ours, for there is something Hellenic in your air and world, something that has a quicker breath of the joy and power of Elizabeth’s England about it than our ancient civilisation can give us.
Line 4
For you, at least, are young; ‘no hungry generations tread you down,’ and the past does not weary you with the intolerable burden of its memories nor mock you with the ruins of a beauty, the secret of whose creation you have lost.
/fɔːr juː æt liːst ɑːr jʌŋ noʊ ˈhʌŋɡri ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃənz tred juː daʊn ənd ðə pæst dʌz nɑːt ˈwɪri juː wɪð ðə ˌɪnˈtɑːlərəbəl ˈbɜːrdən ʌv ɪts ˈmɛm.ə.riz nɔːr mɑːk juː wɪð ðə ˈruːənz ʌv ə ˈbjuːti ðə ˈsiː.krət ʌv huːz kriˈeɪʃən juː hæv lɔːst/
Line 5
That very absence of tradition, which Mr. Ruskin thought would rob your rivers of their laughter and your flowers of their light, may be rather the source of your freedom and your strength.
/ðæt ˈveri ˈæbsəns ʌv trəˈdɪʃən wɪtʃ ˈmɪstər ˈrʌskɪn θɔːt wʊd rɑːb jɔːr ˈrɪvərz ʌv ðer ˈlæftər ənd jɔːr ˈflaʊərz ʌv ðer laɪt meɪ biː ˈræðər ðə sɔːrs ʌv jɔːr ˈfriːdəm ənd jɔːr streŋkθ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Elizabeth's noun US /ɪˈlɪzəbəθs/

possessive form of “elizabeth” — daughter of George VI who became the Queen of England and Northern Ireland in 1952 on the death of her father (1926-)

Hellenic adjective US /həˈlenɪk/

relating to or characteristic of the classical Greek civilization

From this reading “It is rather, perhaps, to you that we should turn to complete and perfect this great movement of ours, for there is something Hellenic in your air and world, something that has a quicker breath of the joy and power of Elizabeth’s England about it than our ancient civilisation can give us.”

imitators noun US /ˈɪmɪteɪtərz/

plural of “imitator” — someone who (fraudulently) assumes the appearance of another

From this reading “He has had no worthy imitators.”

incomplete adjective US /ˌɪnkəmˈpliːt/

not complete or total; not completed

From this reading “Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.”

outlet noun US /ˈaʊtlet/

a place of business for retailing goods

From this reading “Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.”

purified verb US /ˈpjʊrəfaɪd/

inflected form of “purify” — remove impurities from, increase the concentration of, and separate through the process of distillation

From this reading “Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.”

Ruskin noun US /ˈrʌskɪn/

British art critic (1819-1900)

From this reading “That very absence of tradition, which Mr. Ruskin thought would rob your rivers of their laughter and your flowers of their light, may be rather the source of your freedom and your strength.”

seeks noun US /siːks/

plural of “seek” — the movement of a read/write head to a specific data track on a disk

From this reading “Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.”

All words in this reading · 122

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It is rather, perhaps, to you that we should turn to complete and perfect this great movement of ours, for there is something Hellenic in your air and world, something that has a quicker breath of the joy and power of Elizabeth’s England about it than our ancient civilisation can give us.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading It is rather, perhaps, to you that we should turn to complete and perfect this great movement of ours, for there is something Hellenic in your air and world, something that has a quicker breath of the joy and power of Elizabeth’s England about it than our ancient civilisation can give us.

absencenounUS /ˈæbsəns/

the state of being absent

From this reading That very absence of tradition, which Mr. Ruskin thought would rob your rivers of their laughter and your flowers of their light, may be rather the source of your freedom and your strength.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading It is rather, perhaps, to you that we should turn to complete and perfect this great movement of ours, for there is something Hellenic in your air and world, something that has a quicker breath of the joy and power of Elizabeth’s England about it than our ancient civilisation can give us.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading It is rather, perhaps, to you that we should turn to complete and perfect this great movement of ours, for there is something Hellenic in your air and world, something that has a quicker breath of the joy and power of Elizabeth’s England about it than our ancient civilisation can give us.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading For you, at least, are young; ‘no hungry generations tread you down,’ and the past does not weary you with the intolerable burden of its memories nor mock you with the ruins of a beauty, the secret of whose creation you have lost.

artisticadjectiveUS /ɑːrˈtɪstɪk/

relating to or characteristic of art or artists

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading For you, at least, are young; ‘no hungry generations tread you down,’ and the past does not weary you with the intolerable burden of its memories nor mock you with the ruins of a beauty, the secret of whose creation you have lost.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading That very absence of tradition, which Mr. Ruskin thought would rob your rivers of their laughter and your flowers of their light, may be rather the source of your freedom and your strength.

beautynounUS /ˈbjuːti/

the qualities that give pleasure to the senses

From this reading For you, at least, are young; ‘no hungry generations tread you down,’ and the past does not weary you with the intolerable burden of its memories nor mock you with the ruins of a beauty, the secret of whose creation you have lost.

breathnounUS /breθ/

the process of taking in and expelling air during breathing

From this reading It is rather, perhaps, to you that we should turn to complete and perfect this great movement of ours, for there is something Hellenic in your air and world, something that has a quicker breath of the joy and power of Elizabeth’s England about it than our ancient civilisation can give us.

burdennounUS /ˈbɜːrdən/

an onerous or difficult concern

From this reading For you, at least, are young; ‘no hungry generations tread you down,’ and the past does not weary you with the intolerable burden of its memories nor mock you with the ruins of a beauty, the secret of whose creation you have lost.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading It is rather, perhaps, to you that we should turn to complete and perfect this great movement of ours, for there is something Hellenic in your air and world, something that has a quicker breath of the joy and power of Elizabeth’s England about it than our ancient civilisation can give us.

Cenci

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

civilisationnoun

the social process whereby societies achieve an advanced stage of development and organization

From this reading It is rather, perhaps, to you that we should turn to complete and perfect this great movement of ours, for there is something Hellenic in your air and world, something that has a quicker breath of the joy and power of Elizabeth’s England about it than our ancient civilisation can give us.

completeverbUS /kəmˈpliːt/

come or bring to a finish or an end

From this reading It is rather, perhaps, to you that we should turn to complete and perfect this great movement of ours, for there is something Hellenic in your air and world, something that has a quicker breath of the joy and power of Elizabeth’s England about it than our ancient civilisation can give us.

creationnounUS /kriˈeɪʃən/

the human act of creating

From this reading For you, at least, are young; ‘no hungry generations tread you down,’ and the past does not weary you with the intolerable burden of its memories nor mock you with the ruins of a beauty, the secret of whose creation you have lost.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading For you, at least, are young; ‘no hungry generations tread you down,’ and the past does not weary you with the intolerable burden of its memories nor mock you with the ruins of a beauty, the secret of whose creation you have lost.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading For you, at least, are young; ‘no hungry generations tread you down,’ and the past does not weary you with the intolerable burden of its memories nor mock you with the ruins of a beauty, the secret of whose creation you have lost.

dramanounUS /ˈdrɑːmə/

a dramatic work intended for performance by actors on a stage

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

Elizabeth'snounUS /ɪˈlɪzəbəθs/

possessive form of “elizabeth” — daughter of George VI who became the Queen of England and Northern Ireland in 1952 on the death of her father (1926-)

From this reading It is rather, perhaps, to you that we should turn to complete and perfect this great movement of ours, for there is something Hellenic in your air and world, something that has a quicker breath of the joy and power of Elizabeth’s England about it than our ancient civilisation can give us.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

expressionnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃən/

the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

flowersnounUS /ˈflaʊərz/

plural of “flower” — a plant cultivated for its blooms or blossoms

From this reading That very absence of tradition, which Mr. Ruskin thought would rob your rivers of their laughter and your flowers of their light, may be rather the source of your freedom and your strength.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It is rather, perhaps, to you that we should turn to complete and perfect this great movement of ours, for there is something Hellenic in your air and world, something that has a quicker breath of the joy and power of Elizabeth’s England about it than our ancient civilisation can give us.

formsnounUS /fɔːrmz/

plural of “form” — the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

freedomnounUS /ˈfriːdəm/

the condition of being free; the power to act or speak or think without externally imposed restraints

From this reading That very absence of tradition, which Mr. Ruskin thought would rob your rivers of their laughter and your flowers of their light, may be rather the source of your freedom and your strength.

generationsnounUS /ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “generation” — all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading For you, at least, are young; ‘no hungry generations tread you down,’ and the past does not weary you with the intolerable burden of its memories nor mock you with the ruins of a beauty, the secret of whose creation you have lost.

geniusnounUS /ˈdʒiːnjəs/

someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading It is rather, perhaps, to you that we should turn to complete and perfect this great movement of ours, for there is something Hellenic in your air and world, something that has a quicker breath of the joy and power of Elizabeth’s England about it than our ancient civilisation can give us.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He has had no worthy imitators.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

HellenicadjectiveUS /həˈlenɪk/

relating to or characteristic of the classical Greek civilization

From this reading It is rather, perhaps, to you that we should turn to complete and perfect this great movement of ours, for there is something Hellenic in your air and world, something that has a quicker breath of the joy and power of Elizabeth’s England about it than our ancient civilisation can give us.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

hungryadjectiveUS /ˈhʌŋɡri/

feeling hunger; feeling a need or desire to eat food

From this reading For you, at least, are young; ‘no hungry generations tread you down,’ and the past does not weary you with the intolerable burden of its memories nor mock you with the ruins of a beauty, the secret of whose creation you have lost.

imitatorsnounUS /ˈɪmɪteɪtərz/

plural of “imitator” — someone who (fraudulently) assumes the appearance of another

From this reading He has had no worthy imitators.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

incompleteadjectiveUS /ˌɪnkəmˈpliːt/

not complete or total; not completed

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

intolerableadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtɑːlərəbəl/

incapable of being tolerated or endured

From this reading For you, at least, are young; ‘no hungry generations tread you down,’ and the past does not weary you with the intolerable burden of its memories nor mock you with the ruins of a beauty, the secret of whose creation you have lost.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is rather, perhaps, to you that we should turn to complete and perfect this great movement of ours, for there is something Hellenic in your air and world, something that has a quicker breath of the joy and power of Elizabeth’s England about it than our ancient civilisation can give us.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading For you, at least, are young; ‘no hungry generations tread you down,’ and the past does not weary you with the intolerable burden of its memories nor mock you with the ruins of a beauty, the secret of whose creation you have lost.

joynounUS /dʒɔɪ/

the emotion of great happiness

From this reading It is rather, perhaps, to you that we should turn to complete and perfect this great movement of ours, for there is something Hellenic in your air and world, something that has a quicker breath of the joy and power of Elizabeth’s England about it than our ancient civilisation can give us.

laughternounUS /ˈlæftər/

the sound of laughing

From this reading That very absence of tradition, which Mr. Ruskin thought would rob your rivers of their laughter and your flowers of their light, may be rather the source of your freedom and your strength.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading For you, at least, are young; ‘no hungry generations tread you down,’ and the past does not weary you with the intolerable burden of its memories nor mock you with the ruins of a beauty, the secret of whose creation you have lost.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading That very absence of tradition, which Mr. Ruskin thought would rob your rivers of their laughter and your flowers of their light, may be rather the source of your freedom and your strength.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading For you, at least, are young; ‘no hungry generations tread you down,’ and the past does not weary you with the intolerable burden of its memories nor mock you with the ruins of a beauty, the secret of whose creation you have lost.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading That very absence of tradition, which Mr. Ruskin thought would rob your rivers of their laughter and your flowers of their light, may be rather the source of your freedom and your strength.

memoriesnounUS /ˈmɛm.ə.riz/

Recollections of past events.

From this reading For you, at least, are young; ‘no hungry generations tread you down,’ and the past does not weary you with the intolerable burden of its memories nor mock you with the ruins of a beauty, the secret of whose creation you have lost.

mockverbUS /mɑːk/

treat with contempt

From this reading For you, at least, are young; ‘no hungry generations tread you down,’ and the past does not weary you with the intolerable burden of its memories nor mock you with the ruins of a beauty, the secret of whose creation you have lost.

movementnounUS /ˈmuːvmənt/

a change of position that does not entail a change of location

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading That very absence of tradition, which Mr. Ruskin thought would rob your rivers of their laughter and your flowers of their light, may be rather the source of your freedom and your strength.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading He has had no worthy imitators.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading For you, at least, are young; ‘no hungry generations tread you down,’ and the past does not weary you with the intolerable burden of its memories nor mock you with the ruins of a beauty, the secret of whose creation you have lost.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading For you, at least, are young; ‘no hungry generations tread you down,’ and the past does not weary you with the intolerable burden of its memories nor mock you with the ruins of a beauty, the secret of whose creation you have lost.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

ourspronounUS /ˈaʊərz/

the one or ones belonging to us

From this reading It is rather, perhaps, to you that we should turn to complete and perfect this great movement of ours, for there is something Hellenic in your air and world, something that has a quicker breath of the joy and power of Elizabeth’s England about it than our ancient civilisation can give us.

outletnounUS /ˈaʊtlet/

a place of business for retailing goods

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading For you, at least, are young; ‘no hungry generations tread you down,’ and the past does not weary you with the intolerable burden of its memories nor mock you with the ruins of a beauty, the secret of whose creation you have lost.

perfectadjectiveUS /pərˈfekt/

being complete of its kind and without defect or blemish

From this reading It is rather, perhaps, to you that we should turn to complete and perfect this great movement of ours, for there is something Hellenic in your air and world, something that has a quicker breath of the joy and power of Elizabeth’s England about it than our ancient civilisation can give us.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading It is rather, perhaps, to you that we should turn to complete and perfect this great movement of ours, for there is something Hellenic in your air and world, something that has a quicker breath of the joy and power of Elizabeth’s England about it than our ancient civilisation can give us.

pitynounUS /ˈpɪti/

a feeling of sympathy and sorrow for the misfortunes of others

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading It is rather, perhaps, to you that we should turn to complete and perfect this great movement of ours, for there is something Hellenic in your air and world, something that has a quicker breath of the joy and power of Elizabeth’s England about it than our ancient civilisation can give us.

purifiedverbUS /ˈpjʊrəfaɪd/

inflected form of “purify” — remove impurities from, increase the concentration of, and separate through the process of distillation

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

quickeradverbUS /ˈkwɪkər/

more quickly

From this reading It is rather, perhaps, to you that we should turn to complete and perfect this great movement of ours, for there is something Hellenic in your air and world, something that has a quicker breath of the joy and power of Elizabeth’s England about it than our ancient civilisation can give us.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading It is rather, perhaps, to you that we should turn to complete and perfect this great movement of ours, for there is something Hellenic in your air and world, something that has a quicker breath of the joy and power of Elizabeth’s England about it than our ancient civilisation can give us.

respectnounUS /rɪˈspekt/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

riversnounUS /ˈrɪvərz/

plural of “river” — a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading That very absence of tradition, which Mr. Ruskin thought would rob your rivers of their laughter and your flowers of their light, may be rather the source of your freedom and your strength.

robverbUS /rɑːb/

take something away by force or without the consent of the owner

From this reading That very absence of tradition, which Mr. Ruskin thought would rob your rivers of their laughter and your flowers of their light, may be rather the source of your freedom and your strength.

ruinsnounUS /ˈruːənz/

plural of “ruin” — an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction

From this reading For you, at least, are young; ‘no hungry generations tread you down,’ and the past does not weary you with the intolerable burden of its memories nor mock you with the ruins of a beauty, the secret of whose creation you have lost.

RuskinnounUS /ˈrʌskɪn/

British art critic (1819-1900)

From this reading That very absence of tradition, which Mr. Ruskin thought would rob your rivers of their laughter and your flowers of their light, may be rather the source of your freedom and your strength.

secretnounUS /ˈsiː.krət/

Something that is kept or meant to be kept unknown or unseen by others.

From this reading For you, at least, are young; ‘no hungry generations tread you down,’ and the past does not weary you with the intolerable burden of its memories nor mock you with the ruins of a beauty, the secret of whose creation you have lost.

seeksnounUS /siːks/

plural of “seek” — the movement of a read/write head to a specific data track on a disk

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

ShelleynounUS /ˈʃeli/

English writer who created Frankenstein's monster and married Percy Bysshe Shelley (1797-1851)

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading It is rather, perhaps, to you that we should turn to complete and perfect this great movement of ours, for there is something Hellenic in your air and world, something that has a quicker breath of the joy and power of Elizabeth’s England about it than our ancient civilisation can give us.

shownverbUS /ʃoʊn/

inflected form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading It is rather, perhaps, to you that we should turn to complete and perfect this great movement of ours, for there is something Hellenic in your air and world, something that has a quicker breath of the joy and power of Elizabeth’s England about it than our ancient civilisation can give us.

sourcenounUS /sɔːrs/

the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading That very absence of tradition, which Mr. Ruskin thought would rob your rivers of their laughter and your flowers of their light, may be rather the source of your freedom and your strength.

spitenounUS /spaɪt/

feeling a need to see others suffer

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading That very absence of tradition, which Mr. Ruskin thought would rob your rivers of their laughter and your flowers of their light, may be rather the source of your freedom and your strength.

terrornounUS /ˈterər/

an overwhelming feeling of fear and anxiety

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading It is rather, perhaps, to you that we should turn to complete and perfect this great movement of ours, for there is something Hellenic in your air and world, something that has a quicker breath of the joy and power of Elizabeth’s England about it than our ancient civilisation can give us.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It is rather, perhaps, to you that we should turn to complete and perfect this great movement of ours, for there is something Hellenic in your air and world, something that has a quicker breath of the joy and power of Elizabeth’s England about it than our ancient civilisation can give us.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading That very absence of tradition, which Mr. Ruskin thought would rob your rivers of their laughter and your flowers of their light, may be rather the source of your freedom and your strength.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading It is rather, perhaps, to you that we should turn to complete and perfect this great movement of ours, for there is something Hellenic in your air and world, something that has a quicker breath of the joy and power of Elizabeth’s England about it than our ancient civilisation can give us.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading That very absence of tradition, which Mr. Ruskin thought would rob your rivers of their laughter and your flowers of their light, may be rather the source of your freedom and your strength.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

traditionnounUS /trəˈdɪʃən/

an inherited pattern of thought or action

From this reading That very absence of tradition, which Mr. Ruskin thought would rob your rivers of their laughter and your flowers of their light, may be rather the source of your freedom and your strength.

tragedynounUS /ˈtrædʒədi/

an event resulting in great loss and misfortune

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

treadverbUS /tred/

put down or press the foot, place the foot

From this reading For you, at least, are young; ‘no hungry generations tread you down,’ and the past does not weary you with the intolerable burden of its memories nor mock you with the ruins of a beauty, the secret of whose creation you have lost.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading It is rather, perhaps, to you that we should turn to complete and perfect this great movement of ours, for there is something Hellenic in your air and world, something that has a quicker breath of the joy and power of Elizabeth’s England about it than our ancient civilisation can give us.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It is rather, perhaps, to you that we should turn to complete and perfect this great movement of ours, for there is something Hellenic in your air and world, something that has a quicker breath of the joy and power of Elizabeth’s England about it than our ancient civilisation can give us.

vainadjectiveUS /veɪn/

characteristic of false pride; having an exaggerated sense of self-importance

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading That very absence of tradition, which Mr. Ruskin thought would rob your rivers of their laughter and your flowers of their light, may be rather the source of your freedom and your strength.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading It is rather, perhaps, to you that we should turn to complete and perfect this great movement of ours, for there is something Hellenic in your air and world, something that has a quicker breath of the joy and power of Elizabeth’s England about it than our ancient civilisation can give us.

wearyverbUS /ˈwɪri/

exhaust or get tired through overuse or great strain or stress

From this reading For you, at least, are young; ‘no hungry generations tread you down,’ and the past does not weary you with the intolerable burden of its memories nor mock you with the ruins of a beauty, the secret of whose creation you have lost.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading For you, at least, are young; ‘no hungry generations tread you down,’ and the past does not weary you with the intolerable burden of its memories nor mock you with the ruins of a beauty, the secret of whose creation you have lost.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading For you, at least, are young; ‘no hungry generations tread you down,’ and the past does not weary you with the intolerable burden of its memories nor mock you with the ruins of a beauty, the secret of whose creation you have lost.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading It is rather, perhaps, to you that we should turn to complete and perfect this great movement of ours, for there is something Hellenic in your air and world, something that has a quicker breath of the joy and power of Elizabeth’s England about it than our ancient civilisation can give us.

worthyadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːr.ði/

Having or showing the qualities or abilities that merit recognition in character or magic.

From this reading He has had no worthy imitators.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Shelley felt how incomplete our movement was in this respect, and has shown in one great tragedy by what terror and pity he would have purified our age; but in spite of _The Cenci_ the drama is one of the artistic forms through which the genius of the England of this century seeks in vain to find outlet and expression.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading It is rather, perhaps, to you that we should turn to complete and perfect this great movement of ours, for there is something Hellenic in your air and world, something that has a quicker breath of the joy and power of Elizabeth’s England about it than our ancient civilisation can give us.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading For you, at least, are young; ‘no hungry generations tread you down,’ and the past does not weary you with the intolerable burden of its memories nor mock you with the ruins of a beauty, the secret of whose creation you have lost.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading It is rather, perhaps, to you that we should turn to complete and perfect this great movement of ours, for there is something Hellenic in your air and world, something that has a quicker breath of the joy and power of Elizabeth’s England about it than our ancient civilisation can give us.

Chapter 7 of Essays and Lectures by Oscar Wilde holds 125 sentences, grouped into 25 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Essays and Lectures contain?

Chapter 7 holds 125 sentences of Essays and Lectures, unabridged, divided into 25 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Essays and Lectures by Oscar Wilde exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 125 sentences, grouped into 25 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Essays and Lectures?

Work through the 25 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 25 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading Essays and Lectures by Oscar Wilde on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Essays and Lectures?

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How long does Essays and Lectures take to read?

About 135 minutes of reading across 326 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Essays and Lectures section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Essays and Lectures

Words and structures a reader meets early in Essays and Lectures, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

First
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays and Lectures; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Published
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays and Lectures; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Limited
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays and Lectures; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Edition
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