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Essays Before a Sonata
Essays Before a Sonata

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Essays Before a Sonata is here in full — 586 sentences across 118 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Charles Ives (1874-1954) was probably one of the most psycho-intellectually brilliant, imaginative and flexible Americans to ever "walk the land of freedom."
A graduate of Yale, he became a multi-millionaire in the American insurance industry, introducing brilliant innovations within that industry.
He also, unlike a few composers, found the time and the money (being a shrewd and practical businessman) to get married and have children.
His accomplishments for which he is best known, however, are those in the field of music.
At the time of its composition, Ives' music was probably the most radically modern in history, and by itself had enough material to serve as the foundation of modern 20th century music.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Essays Before a Sonata

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Essays Before a Sonata is here in full — 586 sentences across 118 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/117 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Charles Ives (1874-1954) was probably one of the most psycho-intellectually brilliant, imaginative and flexible Americans to ever "walk the land of freedom."
Line 2
A graduate of Yale, he became a multi-millionaire in the American insurance industry, introducing brilliant innovations within that industry.
Line 3
He also, unlike a few composers, found the time and the money (being a shrewd and practical businessman) to get married and have children.
/hiː ˈɔːlsoʊ ənˈlaɪk ə fjuː kəmˈpoʊzərz faʊnd ðə taɪm ənd ðə ˈmʌni ˈbiːɪŋ ə ʃruːd ənd ˈpræktəkəl ˈbɪznəsmæn tuː ɡet ˈmerid ənd hæv ˈtʃɪldrən/
Line 4
His accomplishments for which he is best known, however, are those in the field of music.
/hɪz əˈkɑːmplɪʃmənts fɔːr wɪtʃ hiː ɪz best noʊn ˌhaʊˈevər ɑːr ðoʊz ɪn ðə fiːld ʌv ˈmjuːzɪk/
Line 5
At the time of its composition, Ives' music was probably the most radically modern in history, and by itself had enough material to serve as the foundation of modern 20th century music.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

businessman noun US /ˈbɪznəsmæn/

a person engaged in commercial or industrial business (especially an owner or executive)

From this reading “He also, unlike a few composers, found the time and the money (being a shrewd and practical businessman) to get married and have children.”

composers noun US /kəmˈpoʊzərz/

plural of “composer” — someone who composes music as a profession

From this reading “He also, unlike a few composers, found the time and the money (being a shrewd and practical businessman) to get married and have children.”

flexible adjective US /ˈfleksəbəl/

capable of being changed

From this reading “Charles Ives (1874-1954) was probably one of the most psycho-intellectually brilliant, imaginative and flexible Americans to ever "walk the land of freedom."”

graduate verb US /ˈɡrædʒəwət/

receive an academic degree upon completion of one's studies

From this reading “A graduate of Yale, he became a multi-millionaire in the American insurance industry, introducing brilliant innovations within that industry.”

innovations noun US /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃənz/

plural of “innovation” — a creation (a new device or process) resulting from study and experimentation

From this reading “A graduate of Yale, he became a multi-millionaire in the American insurance industry, introducing brilliant innovations within that industry.”

Ives noun US /aɪvz/

United States composer noted for his innovative use of polytonality (1874-1954)

From this reading “Charles Ives (1874-1954) was probably one of the most psycho-intellectually brilliant, imaginative and flexible Americans to ever "walk the land of freedom."”

radically adverb US /ˈrædɪkli/

in a radical manner

From this reading “At the time of its composition, Ives' music was probably the most radically modern in history, and by itself had enough material to serve as the foundation of modern 20th century music.”

Yale noun US /jeɪl/

a university in Connecticut

From this reading “A graduate of Yale, he became a multi-millionaire in the American insurance industry, introducing brilliant innovations within that industry.”

All words in this reading · 78

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1874

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Charles Ives (1874-1954) was probably one of the most psycho-intellectually brilliant, imaginative and flexible Americans to ever "walk the land of freedom."

1954

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Charles Ives (1874-1954) was probably one of the most psycho-intellectually brilliant, imaginative and flexible Americans to ever "walk the land of freedom."

20th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the time of its composition, Ives' music was probably the most radically modern in history, and by itself had enough material to serve as the foundation of modern 20th century music.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A graduate of Yale, he became a multi-millionaire in the American insurance industry, introducing brilliant innovations within that industry.

accomplishmentsnounUS /əˈkɑːmplɪʃmənts/

plural of “accomplishment” — the action of accomplishing something

From this reading His accomplishments for which he is best known, however, are those in the field of music.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading He also, unlike a few composers, found the time and the money (being a shrewd and practical businessman) to get married and have children.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading A graduate of Yale, he became a multi-millionaire in the American insurance industry, introducing brilliant innovations within that industry.

AmericansnounUS /əˈmerəkənz/

plural of “american” — a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading Charles Ives (1874-1954) was probably one of the most psycho-intellectually brilliant, imaginative and flexible Americans to ever "walk the land of freedom."

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Charles Ives (1874-1954) was probably one of the most psycho-intellectually brilliant, imaginative and flexible Americans to ever "walk the land of freedom."

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading His accomplishments for which he is best known, however, are those in the field of music.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading At the time of its composition, Ives' music was probably the most radically modern in history, and by itself had enough material to serve as the foundation of modern 20th century music.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At the time of its composition, Ives' music was probably the most radically modern in history, and by itself had enough material to serve as the foundation of modern 20th century music.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading A graduate of Yale, he became a multi-millionaire in the American insurance industry, introducing brilliant innovations within that industry.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading He also, unlike a few composers, found the time and the money (being a shrewd and practical businessman) to get married and have children.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading His accomplishments for which he is best known, however, are those in the field of music.

brilliantadjectiveUS /ˈbrɪljənt/

of surpassing excellence

From this reading Charles Ives (1874-1954) was probably one of the most psycho-intellectually brilliant, imaginative and flexible Americans to ever "walk the land of freedom."

businessmannounUS /ˈbɪznəsmæn/

a person engaged in commercial or industrial business (especially an owner or executive)

From this reading He also, unlike a few composers, found the time and the money (being a shrewd and practical businessman) to get married and have children.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading At the time of its composition, Ives' music was probably the most radically modern in history, and by itself had enough material to serve as the foundation of modern 20th century music.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading At the time of its composition, Ives' music was probably the most radically modern in history, and by itself had enough material to serve as the foundation of modern 20th century music.

CharlesnounUS /tʃɑːrlz/

King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574)

From this reading Charles Ives (1874-1954) was probably one of the most psycho-intellectually brilliant, imaginative and flexible Americans to ever "walk the land of freedom."

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading He also, unlike a few composers, found the time and the money (being a shrewd and practical businessman) to get married and have children.

composersnounUS /kəmˈpoʊzərz/

plural of “composer” — someone who composes music as a profession

From this reading He also, unlike a few composers, found the time and the money (being a shrewd and practical businessman) to get married and have children.

compositionnounUS /ˌkɑːmpəˈzɪʃən/

the spatial property resulting from the arrangement of parts in relation to each other and to the whole

From this reading At the time of its composition, Ives' music was probably the most radically modern in history, and by itself had enough material to serve as the foundation of modern 20th century music.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading At the time of its composition, Ives' music was probably the most radically modern in history, and by itself had enough material to serve as the foundation of modern 20th century music.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading Charles Ives (1874-1954) was probably one of the most psycho-intellectually brilliant, imaginative and flexible Americans to ever "walk the land of freedom."

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading He also, unlike a few composers, found the time and the money (being a shrewd and practical businessman) to get married and have children.

fieldnounUS /fiːld/

a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed

From this reading His accomplishments for which he is best known, however, are those in the field of music.

flexibleadjectiveUS /ˈfleksəbəl/

capable of being changed

From this reading Charles Ives (1874-1954) was probably one of the most psycho-intellectually brilliant, imaginative and flexible Americans to ever "walk the land of freedom."

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading His accomplishments for which he is best known, however, are those in the field of music.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading He also, unlike a few composers, found the time and the money (being a shrewd and practical businessman) to get married and have children.

foundationnounUS /faʊnˈdeɪʃən/

the basis on which something is grounded

From this reading At the time of its composition, Ives' music was probably the most radically modern in history, and by itself had enough material to serve as the foundation of modern 20th century music.

freedomnounUS /ˈfriːdəm/

the condition of being free; the power to act or speak or think without externally imposed restraints

From this reading Charles Ives (1874-1954) was probably one of the most psycho-intellectually brilliant, imaginative and flexible Americans to ever "walk the land of freedom."

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading He also, unlike a few composers, found the time and the money (being a shrewd and practical businessman) to get married and have children.

graduateverbUS /ˈɡrædʒəwət/

receive an academic degree upon completion of one's studies

From this reading A graduate of Yale, he became a multi-millionaire in the American insurance industry, introducing brilliant innovations within that industry.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading At the time of its composition, Ives' music was probably the most radically modern in history, and by itself had enough material to serve as the foundation of modern 20th century music.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading He also, unlike a few composers, found the time and the money (being a shrewd and practical businessman) to get married and have children.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading A graduate of Yale, he became a multi-millionaire in the American insurance industry, introducing brilliant innovations within that industry.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His accomplishments for which he is best known, however, are those in the field of music.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading At the time of its composition, Ives' music was probably the most radically modern in history, and by itself had enough material to serve as the foundation of modern 20th century music.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading His accomplishments for which he is best known, however, are those in the field of music.

imaginativeadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈmædʒənətɪv/

(used of persons or artifacts) marked by independence and creativity in thought or action

From this reading Charles Ives (1874-1954) was probably one of the most psycho-intellectually brilliant, imaginative and flexible Americans to ever "walk the land of freedom."

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A graduate of Yale, he became a multi-millionaire in the American insurance industry, introducing brilliant innovations within that industry.

industrynounUS /ˈɪndəstri/

the people or companies engaged in a particular kind of commercial enterprise

From this reading A graduate of Yale, he became a multi-millionaire in the American insurance industry, introducing brilliant innovations within that industry.

innovationsnounUS /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃənz/

plural of “innovation” — a creation (a new device or process) resulting from study and experimentation

From this reading A graduate of Yale, he became a multi-millionaire in the American insurance industry, introducing brilliant innovations within that industry.

insurancenounUS /ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns/

promise of reimbursement in the case of loss; paid to people or companies so concerned about hazards that they have made prepayments to an insurance company

From this reading A graduate of Yale, he became a multi-millionaire in the American insurance industry, introducing brilliant innovations within that industry.

introducingverbUS /ˌɪntrəˈduːsɪŋ/

-ing form of “introduce” — cause to come to know personally

From this reading A graduate of Yale, he became a multi-millionaire in the American insurance industry, introducing brilliant innovations within that industry.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading His accomplishments for which he is best known, however, are those in the field of music.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading At the time of its composition, Ives' music was probably the most radically modern in history, and by itself had enough material to serve as the foundation of modern 20th century music.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading At the time of its composition, Ives' music was probably the most radically modern in history, and by itself had enough material to serve as the foundation of modern 20th century music.

IvesnounUS /aɪvz/

United States composer noted for his innovative use of polytonality (1874-1954)

From this reading Charles Ives (1874-1954) was probably one of the most psycho-intellectually brilliant, imaginative and flexible Americans to ever "walk the land of freedom."

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading His accomplishments for which he is best known, however, are those in the field of music.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading Charles Ives (1874-1954) was probably one of the most psycho-intellectually brilliant, imaginative and flexible Americans to ever "walk the land of freedom."

marriedadjectiveUS /ˈmerid/

joined in matrimony

From this reading He also, unlike a few composers, found the time and the money (being a shrewd and practical businessman) to get married and have children.

materialadjectiveUS /məˈtɪriəl/

concerned with worldly rather than spiritual interests

From this reading At the time of its composition, Ives' music was probably the most radically modern in history, and by itself had enough material to serve as the foundation of modern 20th century music.

modernadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdərn/

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading At the time of its composition, Ives' music was probably the most radically modern in history, and by itself had enough material to serve as the foundation of modern 20th century music.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading He also, unlike a few composers, found the time and the money (being a shrewd and practical businessman) to get married and have children.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Charles Ives (1874-1954) was probably one of the most psycho-intellectually brilliant, imaginative and flexible Americans to ever "walk the land of freedom."

multi-millionaire

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A graduate of Yale, he became a multi-millionaire in the American insurance industry, introducing brilliant innovations within that industry.

musicnounUS /ˈmjuːzɪk/

an artistic form of auditory communication incorporating instrumental or vocal tones in a structured and continuous manner

From this reading His accomplishments for which he is best known, however, are those in the field of music.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Charles Ives (1874-1954) was probably one of the most psycho-intellectually brilliant, imaginative and flexible Americans to ever "walk the land of freedom."

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Charles Ives (1874-1954) was probably one of the most psycho-intellectually brilliant, imaginative and flexible Americans to ever "walk the land of freedom."

practicaladjectiveUS /ˈpræktəkəl/

concerned with actual use or practice

From this reading He also, unlike a few composers, found the time and the money (being a shrewd and practical businessman) to get married and have children.

probablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading Charles Ives (1874-1954) was probably one of the most psycho-intellectually brilliant, imaginative and flexible Americans to ever "walk the land of freedom."

psycho-intellectually

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Charles Ives (1874-1954) was probably one of the most psycho-intellectually brilliant, imaginative and flexible Americans to ever "walk the land of freedom."

radicallyadverbUS /ˈrædɪkli/

in a radical manner

From this reading At the time of its composition, Ives' music was probably the most radically modern in history, and by itself had enough material to serve as the foundation of modern 20th century music.

serveverbUS /sɜːrv/

serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading At the time of its composition, Ives' music was probably the most radically modern in history, and by itself had enough material to serve as the foundation of modern 20th century music.

shrewdadjectiveUS /ʃruːd/

marked by practical hardheaded intelligence

From this reading He also, unlike a few composers, found the time and the money (being a shrewd and practical businessman) to get married and have children.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading A graduate of Yale, he became a multi-millionaire in the American insurance industry, introducing brilliant innovations within that industry.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Charles Ives (1874-1954) was probably one of the most psycho-intellectually brilliant, imaginative and flexible Americans to ever "walk the land of freedom."

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading His accomplishments for which he is best known, however, are those in the field of music.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading He also, unlike a few composers, found the time and the money (being a shrewd and practical businessman) to get married and have children.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Charles Ives (1874-1954) was probably one of the most psycho-intellectually brilliant, imaginative and flexible Americans to ever "walk the land of freedom."

unlikeadjectiveUS /ənˈlaɪk/

marked by dissimilarity

From this reading He also, unlike a few composers, found the time and the money (being a shrewd and practical businessman) to get married and have children.

walknounUS /wɔːk/

the act of traveling by foot

From this reading Charles Ives (1874-1954) was probably one of the most psycho-intellectually brilliant, imaginative and flexible Americans to ever "walk the land of freedom."

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Charles Ives (1874-1954) was probably one of the most psycho-intellectually brilliant, imaginative and flexible Americans to ever "walk the land of freedom."

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading His accomplishments for which he is best known, however, are those in the field of music.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading A graduate of Yale, he became a multi-millionaire in the American insurance industry, introducing brilliant innovations within that industry.

YalenounUS /jeɪl/

a university in Connecticut

From this reading A graduate of Yale, he became a multi-millionaire in the American insurance industry, introducing brilliant innovations within that industry.

Chapter 1 of Essays Before a Sonata by Charles Ives holds 586 sentences, grouped into 118 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Essays Before a Sonata contain?

Chapter 1 holds 586 sentences of Essays Before a Sonata, unabridged, divided into 118 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Essays Before a Sonata by Charles Ives exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 586 sentences, grouped into 118 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Essays Before a Sonata?

Work through the 118 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 118 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Essays Before a Sonata

Common questions about reading Essays Before a Sonata by Charles Ives on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Essays Before a Sonata?

Yes. All 1157 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3673 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Essays Before a Sonata is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3673, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Essays Before a Sonata take to read?

About 96 minutes of reading across 232 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Essays Before a Sonata section by section

How to work through Essays Before a Sonata section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Essays Before a Sonata

Words and structures a reader meets early in Essays Before a Sonata, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Charles
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays Before a Sonata; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Probably
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays Before a Sonata; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Psycho-intellectually
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays Before a Sonata; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Brilliant
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays Before a Sonata; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.