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Essays Before a Sonata
Essays Before a Sonata

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Essays Before a Sonata is here in full — 571 sentences across 115 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/114 · 5 lines
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This is but one of many ways in which Thoreau looked to Nature for his greatest inspirations.
In her he found an analogy to the Fundamental of Transcendentalism.
The "innate goodness" of Nature is or can be a moral influence; Mother Nature, if man will but let her, will keep him straight--straight spiritually and so morally and even mentally.
If he will take her as a companion, and teacher, and not as a duty or a creed, she will give him greater thrills and teach him greater truths than man can give or teach--she will reveal mysteries that mankind has long concealed.
It was the soul of Nature not natural history that Thoreau was after.
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Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Essays Before a Sonata

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Essays Before a Sonata is here in full — 571 sentences across 115 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/114 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
This is but one of many ways in which Thoreau looked to Nature for his greatest inspirations.
/ðɪs ɪz bʌt wʌn ʌv ˈmeni weɪz ɪn wɪtʃ θərˈoʊ lʊkt tuː ˈneɪtʃər fɔːr hɪz ˈɡreɪtəst ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃənz/
Line 2
In her he found an analogy to the Fundamental of Transcendentalism.
Line 3
The "innate goodness" of Nature is or can be a moral influence; Mother Nature, if man will but let her, will keep him straight--straight spiritually and so morally and even mentally.
Line 4
If he will take her as a companion, and teacher, and not as a duty or a creed, she will give him greater thrills and teach him greater truths than man can give or teach--she will reveal mysteries that mankind has long concealed.
Line 5
It was the soul of Nature not natural history that Thoreau was after.
/ɪt wɑːz ðə soʊl ʌv ˈneɪtʃər nɑːt ˈnætʃərəl ˈhɪstəri ðæt θərˈoʊ wɑːz ˈæftər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

analogy noun US /əˈnælədʒi/

an inference that if things agree in some respects they probably agree in others

From this reading “In her he found an analogy to the Fundamental of Transcendentalism.”

Fundamental adjective US /ˌfʌndəˈmentəl/

serving as an essential component

From this reading “In her he found an analogy to the Fundamental of Transcendentalism.”

innate adjective US /ˌɪˈneɪt/

not established by conditioning or learning

From this reading “The "innate goodness" of Nature is or can be a moral influence; Mother Nature, if man will but let her, will keep him straight--straight spiritually and so morally and even mentally.”

inspirations noun US /ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “inspiration” — arousal of the mind to special unusual activity or creativity

From this reading “This is but one of many ways in which Thoreau looked to Nature for his greatest inspirations.”

morally adverb US /ˈmɔːrəli/

with respect to moral principles

From this reading “The "innate goodness" of Nature is or can be a moral influence; Mother Nature, if man will but let her, will keep him straight--straight spiritually and so morally and even mentally.”

spiritually adverb US /ˈspɪrɪtʃuːəliː/

in a spiritual manner

From this reading “The "innate goodness" of Nature is or can be a moral influence; Mother Nature, if man will but let her, will keep him straight--straight spiritually and so morally and even mentally.”

Thoreau noun US /θərˈoʊ/

United States writer and social critic (1817-1862)

From this reading “This is but one of many ways in which Thoreau looked to Nature for his greatest inspirations.”

thrills noun US /θrɪlz/

plural of “thrill” — the swift release of a store of affective force

From this reading “If he will take her as a companion, and teacher, and not as a duty or a creed, she will give him greater thrills and teach him greater truths than man can give or teach--she will reveal mysteries that mankind has long concealed.”

All words in this reading · 74

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The "innate goodness" of Nature is or can be a moral influence; Mother Nature, if man will but let her, will keep him straight--straight spiritually and so morally and even mentally.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading It was the soul of Nature not natural history that Thoreau was after.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading In her he found an analogy to the Fundamental of Transcendentalism.

analogynounUS /əˈnælədʒi/

an inference that if things agree in some respects they probably agree in others

From this reading In her he found an analogy to the Fundamental of Transcendentalism.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The "innate goodness" of Nature is or can be a moral influence; Mother Nature, if man will but let her, will keep him straight--straight spiritually and so morally and even mentally.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading If he will take her as a companion, and teacher, and not as a duty or a creed, she will give him greater thrills and teach him greater truths than man can give or teach--she will reveal mysteries that mankind has long concealed.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The "innate goodness" of Nature is or can be a moral influence; Mother Nature, if man will but let her, will keep him straight--straight spiritually and so morally and even mentally.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading This is but one of many ways in which Thoreau looked to Nature for his greatest inspirations.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading The "innate goodness" of Nature is or can be a moral influence; Mother Nature, if man will but let her, will keep him straight--straight spiritually and so morally and even mentally.

companionnounUS /kəmˈpænjən/

a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading If he will take her as a companion, and teacher, and not as a duty or a creed, she will give him greater thrills and teach him greater truths than man can give or teach--she will reveal mysteries that mankind has long concealed.

concealedadjectiveUS /kənˈsiːld/

not accessible to view

From this reading If he will take her as a companion, and teacher, and not as a duty or a creed, she will give him greater thrills and teach him greater truths than man can give or teach--she will reveal mysteries that mankind has long concealed.

creednounUS /kriːd/

any system of principles or beliefs

From this reading If he will take her as a companion, and teacher, and not as a duty or a creed, she will give him greater thrills and teach him greater truths than man can give or teach--she will reveal mysteries that mankind has long concealed.

dutynounUS /ˈduːti/

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading If he will take her as a companion, and teacher, and not as a duty or a creed, she will give him greater thrills and teach him greater truths than man can give or teach--she will reveal mysteries that mankind has long concealed.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading The "innate goodness" of Nature is or can be a moral influence; Mother Nature, if man will but let her, will keep him straight--straight spiritually and so morally and even mentally.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading This is but one of many ways in which Thoreau looked to Nature for his greatest inspirations.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading In her he found an analogy to the Fundamental of Transcendentalism.

FundamentaladjectiveUS /ˌfʌndəˈmentəl/

serving as an essential component

From this reading In her he found an analogy to the Fundamental of Transcendentalism.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading If he will take her as a companion, and teacher, and not as a duty or a creed, she will give him greater thrills and teach him greater truths than man can give or teach--she will reveal mysteries that mankind has long concealed.

goodnessnounUS /ˈɡʊdnəs/

that which is pleasing or valuable or useful

From this reading The "innate goodness" of Nature is or can be a moral influence; Mother Nature, if man will but let her, will keep him straight--straight spiritually and so morally and even mentally.

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading If he will take her as a companion, and teacher, and not as a duty or a creed, she will give him greater thrills and teach him greater truths than man can give or teach--she will reveal mysteries that mankind has long concealed.

greatestadjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtəst/

highest in quality

From this reading This is but one of many ways in which Thoreau looked to Nature for his greatest inspirations.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading If he will take her as a companion, and teacher, and not as a duty or a creed, she will give him greater thrills and teach him greater truths than man can give or teach--she will reveal mysteries that mankind has long concealed.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In her he found an analogy to the Fundamental of Transcendentalism.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading In her he found an analogy to the Fundamental of Transcendentalism.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The "innate goodness" of Nature is or can be a moral influence; Mother Nature, if man will but let her, will keep him straight--straight spiritually and so morally and even mentally.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading This is but one of many ways in which Thoreau looked to Nature for his greatest inspirations.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading It was the soul of Nature not natural history that Thoreau was after.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading The "innate goodness" of Nature is or can be a moral influence; Mother Nature, if man will but let her, will keep him straight--straight spiritually and so morally and even mentally.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading This is but one of many ways in which Thoreau looked to Nature for his greatest inspirations.

influencenounUS /ˈɪnfluːəns/

a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading The "innate goodness" of Nature is or can be a moral influence; Mother Nature, if man will but let her, will keep him straight--straight spiritually and so morally and even mentally.

innateadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈneɪt/

not established by conditioning or learning

From this reading The "innate goodness" of Nature is or can be a moral influence; Mother Nature, if man will but let her, will keep him straight--straight spiritually and so morally and even mentally.

inspirationsnounUS /ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “inspiration” — arousal of the mind to special unusual activity or creativity

From this reading This is but one of many ways in which Thoreau looked to Nature for his greatest inspirations.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This is but one of many ways in which Thoreau looked to Nature for his greatest inspirations.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was the soul of Nature not natural history that Thoreau was after.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading The "innate goodness" of Nature is or can be a moral influence; Mother Nature, if man will but let her, will keep him straight--straight spiritually and so morally and even mentally.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading The "innate goodness" of Nature is or can be a moral influence; Mother Nature, if man will but let her, will keep him straight--straight spiritually and so morally and even mentally.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading If he will take her as a companion, and teacher, and not as a duty or a creed, she will give him greater thrills and teach him greater truths than man can give or teach--she will reveal mysteries that mankind has long concealed.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading This is but one of many ways in which Thoreau looked to Nature for his greatest inspirations.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The "innate goodness" of Nature is or can be a moral influence; Mother Nature, if man will but let her, will keep him straight--straight spiritually and so morally and even mentally.

mankindnounUS /ˈmænˈkaɪnd/

all of the living human inhabitants of the earth

From this reading If he will take her as a companion, and teacher, and not as a duty or a creed, she will give him greater thrills and teach him greater truths than man can give or teach--she will reveal mysteries that mankind has long concealed.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading This is but one of many ways in which Thoreau looked to Nature for his greatest inspirations.

mentallyadverbUS /ˈmentəli/

in your mind

From this reading The "innate goodness" of Nature is or can be a moral influence; Mother Nature, if man will but let her, will keep him straight--straight spiritually and so morally and even mentally.

moraladjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrəl/

concerned with principles of right and wrong or conforming to standards of behavior and character based on those principles

From this reading The "innate goodness" of Nature is or can be a moral influence; Mother Nature, if man will but let her, will keep him straight--straight spiritually and so morally and even mentally.

morallyadverbUS /ˈmɔːrəli/

with respect to moral principles

From this reading The "innate goodness" of Nature is or can be a moral influence; Mother Nature, if man will but let her, will keep him straight--straight spiritually and so morally and even mentally.

MothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading The "innate goodness" of Nature is or can be a moral influence; Mother Nature, if man will but let her, will keep him straight--straight spiritually and so morally and even mentally.

mysteriesnounUS /ˈmɪstəriz/

plural of “mystery” — something that baffles understanding and cannot be explained

From this reading If he will take her as a companion, and teacher, and not as a duty or a creed, she will give him greater thrills and teach him greater truths than man can give or teach--she will reveal mysteries that mankind has long concealed.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading It was the soul of Nature not natural history that Thoreau was after.

NaturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading This is but one of many ways in which Thoreau looked to Nature for his greatest inspirations.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading If he will take her as a companion, and teacher, and not as a duty or a creed, she will give him greater thrills and teach him greater truths than man can give or teach--she will reveal mysteries that mankind has long concealed.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading This is but one of many ways in which Thoreau looked to Nature for his greatest inspirations.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading This is but one of many ways in which Thoreau looked to Nature for his greatest inspirations.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The "innate goodness" of Nature is or can be a moral influence; Mother Nature, if man will but let her, will keep him straight--straight spiritually and so morally and even mentally.

revealverbUS /rɪˈviːl/

make visible

From this reading If he will take her as a companion, and teacher, and not as a duty or a creed, she will give him greater thrills and teach him greater truths than man can give or teach--she will reveal mysteries that mankind has long concealed.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading If he will take her as a companion, and teacher, and not as a duty or a creed, she will give him greater thrills and teach him greater truths than man can give or teach--she will reveal mysteries that mankind has long concealed.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The "innate goodness" of Nature is or can be a moral influence; Mother Nature, if man will but let her, will keep him straight--straight spiritually and so morally and even mentally.

soulnounUS /soʊl/

the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading It was the soul of Nature not natural history that Thoreau was after.

spirituallyadverbUS /ˈspɪrɪtʃuːəliː/

in a spiritual manner

From this reading The "innate goodness" of Nature is or can be a moral influence; Mother Nature, if man will but let her, will keep him straight--straight spiritually and so morally and even mentally.

straightadjectiveUS /streɪt/

successive (without a break)

From this reading The "innate goodness" of Nature is or can be a moral influence; Mother Nature, if man will but let her, will keep him straight--straight spiritually and so morally and even mentally.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading If he will take her as a companion, and teacher, and not as a duty or a creed, she will give him greater thrills and teach him greater truths than man can give or teach--she will reveal mysteries that mankind has long concealed.

teachverbUS /tiːtʃ/

impart skills or knowledge to

From this reading If he will take her as a companion, and teacher, and not as a duty or a creed, she will give him greater thrills and teach him greater truths than man can give or teach--she will reveal mysteries that mankind has long concealed.

teachernounUS /ˈtiːtʃər/

a person whose occupation is teaching

From this reading If he will take her as a companion, and teacher, and not as a duty or a creed, she will give him greater thrills and teach him greater truths than man can give or teach--she will reveal mysteries that mankind has long concealed.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading If he will take her as a companion, and teacher, and not as a duty or a creed, she will give him greater thrills and teach him greater truths than man can give or teach--she will reveal mysteries that mankind has long concealed.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading If he will take her as a companion, and teacher, and not as a duty or a creed, she will give him greater thrills and teach him greater truths than man can give or teach--she will reveal mysteries that mankind has long concealed.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In her he found an analogy to the Fundamental of Transcendentalism.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This is but one of many ways in which Thoreau looked to Nature for his greatest inspirations.

ThoreaunounUS /θərˈoʊ/

United States writer and social critic (1817-1862)

From this reading This is but one of many ways in which Thoreau looked to Nature for his greatest inspirations.

thrillsnounUS /θrɪlz/

plural of “thrill” — the swift release of a store of affective force

From this reading If he will take her as a companion, and teacher, and not as a duty or a creed, she will give him greater thrills and teach him greater truths than man can give or teach--she will reveal mysteries that mankind has long concealed.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading This is but one of many ways in which Thoreau looked to Nature for his greatest inspirations.

Transcendentalismnoun

any system of philosophy emphasizing the intuitive and spiritual above the empirical and material

From this reading In her he found an analogy to the Fundamental of Transcendentalism.

truthsnounUS /truːθs/

plural of “truth” — a fact that has been verified

From this reading If he will take her as a companion, and teacher, and not as a duty or a creed, she will give him greater thrills and teach him greater truths than man can give or teach--she will reveal mysteries that mankind has long concealed.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was the soul of Nature not natural history that Thoreau was after.

waysnounUS /weɪz/

structure consisting of a sloping way down to the water from the place where ships are built or repaired

From this reading This is but one of many ways in which Thoreau looked to Nature for his greatest inspirations.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading This is but one of many ways in which Thoreau looked to Nature for his greatest inspirations.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading The "innate goodness" of Nature is or can be a moral influence; Mother Nature, if man will but let her, will keep him straight--straight spiritually and so morally and even mentally.

Chapter 2 of Essays Before a Sonata by Charles Ives holds 571 sentences, grouped into 115 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Essays Before a Sonata contain?

Chapter 2 holds 571 sentences of Essays Before a Sonata, unabridged, divided into 115 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Essays Before a Sonata by Charles Ives exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 571 sentences, grouped into 115 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Essays Before a Sonata?

Work through the 115 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 115 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Essays Before a Sonata

Common questions about reading Essays Before a Sonata by Charles Ives on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Essays Before a Sonata?

Yes. All 1157 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3673 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Essays Before a Sonata is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3673, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Essays Before a Sonata take to read?

About 96 minutes of reading across 232 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Essays Before a Sonata section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Essays Before a Sonata

Words and structures a reader meets early in Essays Before a Sonata, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Charles
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays Before a Sonata; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Probably
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays Before a Sonata; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Psycho-intellectually
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays Before a Sonata; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Brilliant
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays Before a Sonata; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.