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Essays by Ralph Waldo Emerson
Essays by Ralph Waldo Emerson

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Essays by Ralph Waldo Emerson is here in full — 401 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
On the other hand, nature punishes any neglect of prudence.
If you think the senses final, obey their law.
If you believe in the soul, do not clutch at sensual sweetness before it is ripe on the slow tree of cause and effect.
It is vinegar to the eyes to deal with men of loose and imperfect perception.
Dr. Johnson is reported to have said,[669]--"If the child says he looked out of this window, when he looked out of that,--whip him."
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Essays by Ralph Waldo Emerson

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Essays by Ralph Waldo Emerson is here in full — 401 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
On the other hand, nature punishes any neglect of prudence.
/ɑːn ðə ˈʌðər hænd ˈneɪtʃər ˈpʌnɪʃəz ˈeni nəˈɡlekt ʌv ˈpruːdəns/
Line 2
If you think the senses final, obey their law.
/ɪf juː θɪŋk ðə ˈsensɪz ˈfaɪnəl oʊˈbeɪ ðer lɔː/
Line 3
If you believe in the soul, do not clutch at sensual sweetness before it is ripe on the slow tree of cause and effect.
/ɪf juː bɪˈliːv ɪn ðə soʊl duː nɑːt klʌtʃ æt ˈsenʃəwəl ˈswiːtnəs bɪˈfɔːr ɪt ɪz raɪp ɑːn ðə sloʊ triː ʌv kɑːz ənd ɪˈfekt/
Line 4
It is vinegar to the eyes to deal with men of loose and imperfect perception.
/ɪt ɪz ˈvɪnəɡər tuː ðə aɪz tuː diːl wɪð men ʌv luːs ənd ˌɪmˈpɜːrfɪkt pərˈsepʃən/
Line 5
Dr. Johnson is reported to have said,[669]--"If the child says he looked out of this window, when he looked out of that,--whip him."

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

clutch noun US /klʌtʃ/

the act of grasping

From this reading “If you believe in the soul, do not clutch at sensual sweetness before it is ripe on the slow tree of cause and effect.”

imperfect adjective US /ˌɪmˈpɜːrfɪkt/

not perfect; defective or inadequate

From this reading “It is vinegar to the eyes to deal with men of loose and imperfect perception.”

perception noun US /pərˈsepʃən/

the representation of what is perceived; basic component in the formation of a concept

From this reading “It is vinegar to the eyes to deal with men of loose and imperfect perception.”

prudence noun US /ˈpruːdəns/

discretion in practical affairs

From this reading “On the other hand, nature punishes any neglect of prudence.”

punishes verb US /ˈpʌnɪʃəz/

third-person singular of “punish” — impose a penalty on; inflict punishment on

From this reading “On the other hand, nature punishes any neglect of prudence.”

ripe adjective US /raɪp/

fully developed or matured and ready to be eaten or used

From this reading “If you believe in the soul, do not clutch at sensual sweetness before it is ripe on the slow tree of cause and effect.”

sensual adjective US /ˈsenʃəwəl/

marked by the appetites and passions of the body

From this reading “If you believe in the soul, do not clutch at sensual sweetness before it is ripe on the slow tree of cause and effect.”

vinegar noun US /ˈvɪnəɡər/

sour-tasting liquid produced usually by oxidation of the alcohol in wine or cider and used as a condiment or food preservative

From this reading “It is vinegar to the eyes to deal with men of loose and imperfect perception.”

All words in this reading · 62

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

669

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Dr. Johnson is reported to have said,[669]--"If the child says he looked out of this window, when he looked out of that,--whip him."

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading If you believe in the soul, do not clutch at sensual sweetness before it is ripe on the slow tree of cause and effect.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading On the other hand, nature punishes any neglect of prudence.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading If you believe in the soul, do not clutch at sensual sweetness before it is ripe on the slow tree of cause and effect.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading If you believe in the soul, do not clutch at sensual sweetness before it is ripe on the slow tree of cause and effect.

believeverbUS /bɪˈliːv/

accept as true; take to be true

From this reading If you believe in the soul, do not clutch at sensual sweetness before it is ripe on the slow tree of cause and effect.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading If you believe in the soul, do not clutch at sensual sweetness before it is ripe on the slow tree of cause and effect.

childnounUS /tʃaɪld/

a young person of either sex

From this reading Dr. Johnson is reported to have said,[669]--"If the child says he looked out of this window, when he looked out of that,--whip him."

clutchnounUS /klʌtʃ/

the act of grasping

From this reading If you believe in the soul, do not clutch at sensual sweetness before it is ripe on the slow tree of cause and effect.

dealverbUS /diːl/

act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression

From this reading It is vinegar to the eyes to deal with men of loose and imperfect perception.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading If you believe in the soul, do not clutch at sensual sweetness before it is ripe on the slow tree of cause and effect.

Dr

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Dr. Johnson is reported to have said,[669]--"If the child says he looked out of this window, when he looked out of that,--whip him."

effectnounUS /ɪˈfekt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading If you believe in the soul, do not clutch at sensual sweetness before it is ripe on the slow tree of cause and effect.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading It is vinegar to the eyes to deal with men of loose and imperfect perception.

finaladjectiveUS /ˈfaɪnəl/

occurring at or forming an end or termination

From this reading If you think the senses final, obey their law.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading On the other hand, nature punishes any neglect of prudence.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Dr. Johnson is reported to have said,[669]--"If the child says he looked out of this window, when he looked out of that,--whip him."

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Dr. Johnson is reported to have said,[669]--"If the child says he looked out of this window, when he looked out of that,--whip him."

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Dr. Johnson is reported to have said,[669]--"If the child says he looked out of this window, when he looked out of that,--whip him."

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If you think the senses final, obey their law.

imperfectadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɜːrfɪkt/

not perfect; defective or inadequate

From this reading It is vinegar to the eyes to deal with men of loose and imperfect perception.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading If you believe in the soul, do not clutch at sensual sweetness before it is ripe on the slow tree of cause and effect.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading If you believe in the soul, do not clutch at sensual sweetness before it is ripe on the slow tree of cause and effect.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading If you believe in the soul, do not clutch at sensual sweetness before it is ripe on the slow tree of cause and effect.

JohnsonnounUS /ˈdʒɑːnsən/

English writer and lexicographer (1709-1784)

From this reading Dr. Johnson is reported to have said,[669]--"If the child says he looked out of this window, when he looked out of that,--whip him."

lawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading If you think the senses final, obey their law.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading Dr. Johnson is reported to have said,[669]--"If the child says he looked out of this window, when he looked out of that,--whip him."

looseadjectiveUS /luːs/

not compact or dense in structure or arrangement

From this reading It is vinegar to the eyes to deal with men of loose and imperfect perception.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading It is vinegar to the eyes to deal with men of loose and imperfect perception.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading On the other hand, nature punishes any neglect of prudence.

neglectverbUS /nəˈɡlekt/

leave undone or leave out

From this reading On the other hand, nature punishes any neglect of prudence.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading If you believe in the soul, do not clutch at sensual sweetness before it is ripe on the slow tree of cause and effect.

obeyverbUS /oʊˈbeɪ/

be obedient to

From this reading If you think the senses final, obey their law.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading On the other hand, nature punishes any neglect of prudence.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On the other hand, nature punishes any neglect of prudence.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading On the other hand, nature punishes any neglect of prudence.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Dr. Johnson is reported to have said,[669]--"If the child says he looked out of this window, when he looked out of that,--whip him."

perceptionnounUS /pərˈsepʃən/

the representation of what is perceived; basic component in the formation of a concept

From this reading It is vinegar to the eyes to deal with men of loose and imperfect perception.

prudencenounUS /ˈpruːdəns/

discretion in practical affairs

From this reading On the other hand, nature punishes any neglect of prudence.

punishesverbUS /ˈpʌnɪʃəz/

third-person singular of “punish” — impose a penalty on; inflict punishment on

From this reading On the other hand, nature punishes any neglect of prudence.

reportedadjectiveUS /ˌriːˈpɔːrtɪd/

made known or told about; especially presented in a formal account

From this reading Dr. Johnson is reported to have said,[669]--"If the child says he looked out of this window, when he looked out of that,--whip him."

ripeadjectiveUS /raɪp/

fully developed or matured and ready to be eaten or used

From this reading If you believe in the soul, do not clutch at sensual sweetness before it is ripe on the slow tree of cause and effect.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading Dr. Johnson is reported to have said,[669]--"If the child says he looked out of this window, when he looked out of that,--whip him."

saysnounUS /sez/

plural of “say” — the chance to speak

From this reading Dr. Johnson is reported to have said,[669]--"If the child says he looked out of this window, when he looked out of that,--whip him."

sensesnounUS /ˈsensɪz/

plural of “sens” — street names for marijuana

From this reading If you think the senses final, obey their law.

sensualadjectiveUS /ˈsenʃəwəl/

marked by the appetites and passions of the body

From this reading If you believe in the soul, do not clutch at sensual sweetness before it is ripe on the slow tree of cause and effect.

slowadjectiveUS /sloʊ/

not moving quickly; taking a comparatively long time

From this reading If you believe in the soul, do not clutch at sensual sweetness before it is ripe on the slow tree of cause and effect.

soulnounUS /soʊl/

the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading If you believe in the soul, do not clutch at sensual sweetness before it is ripe on the slow tree of cause and effect.

sweetnessnounUS /ˈswiːtnəs/

the taste experience when sugar dissolves in the mouth

From this reading If you believe in the soul, do not clutch at sensual sweetness before it is ripe on the slow tree of cause and effect.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Dr. Johnson is reported to have said,[669]--"If the child says he looked out of this window, when he looked out of that,--whip him."

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading On the other hand, nature punishes any neglect of prudence.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading If you think the senses final, obey their law.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading If you think the senses final, obey their law.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Dr. Johnson is reported to have said,[669]--"If the child says he looked out of this window, when he looked out of that,--whip him."

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It is vinegar to the eyes to deal with men of loose and imperfect perception.

treenounUS /triː/

a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading If you believe in the soul, do not clutch at sensual sweetness before it is ripe on the slow tree of cause and effect.

vinegarnounUS /ˈvɪnəɡər/

sour-tasting liquid produced usually by oxidation of the alcohol in wine or cider and used as a condiment or food preservative

From this reading It is vinegar to the eyes to deal with men of loose and imperfect perception.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Dr. Johnson is reported to have said,[669]--"If the child says he looked out of this window, when he looked out of that,--whip him."

whipverbUS /wɪp/

beat severely with a whip or rod

From this reading Dr. Johnson is reported to have said,[669]--"If the child says he looked out of this window, when he looked out of that,--whip him."

windownounUS /ˈwɪndoʊ/

a framework of wood or metal that contains a glass windowpane and is built into a wall or roof to admit light or air

From this reading Dr. Johnson is reported to have said,[669]--"If the child says he looked out of this window, when he looked out of that,--whip him."

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It is vinegar to the eyes to deal with men of loose and imperfect perception.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading If you think the senses final, obey their law.

Chapter 8 of Essays by Ralph Waldo Emerson by Ralph Waldo Emerson holds 401 sentences, grouped into 81 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Essays by Ralph Waldo Emerson contain?

Chapter 8 holds 401 sentences of Essays by Ralph Waldo Emerson, unabridged, divided into 81 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Essays by Ralph Waldo Emerson by Ralph Waldo Emerson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 401 sentences, grouped into 81 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Essays by Ralph Waldo Emerson?

Work through the 81 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 81 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Essays by Ralph Waldo Emerson

Common questions about reading Essays by Ralph Waldo Emerson by Ralph Waldo Emerson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Essays by Ralph Waldo Emerson?

Yes. All 5034 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #16643 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Essays by Ralph Waldo Emerson is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #16643, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Essays by Ralph Waldo Emerson take to read?

About 419 minutes of reading across 1007 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Essays by Ralph Waldo Emerson section by section

How to work through Essays by Ralph Waldo Emerson section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 12 chapters of Essays by Ralph Waldo Emerson to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Essays by Ralph Waldo Emerson

Words and structures a reader meets early in Essays by Ralph Waldo Emerson, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Selected
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays by Ralph Waldo Emerson; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Edited
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays by Ralph Waldo Emerson; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Introduction
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays by Ralph Waldo Emerson; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Notes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays by Ralph Waldo Emerson; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.