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Essays in English Literature, 1780-1860
Essays in English Literature, 1780-1860

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of Essays in English Literature, 1780-1860 is here in full — 403 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE GHOSTS In life three ghostly friars were we, And now three friendly ghosts we be.
Around our shadowy table placed, The spectral bowl before us floats: With wine that none but ghosts can taste We wash our unsubstantial throats.
Three merry ghosts--three merry ghosts--three merry ghosts are we: Let the ocean be port and we'll think it good sport To be laid in that Red Sea.
With songs that jovial spectres chaunt, Our old refectory still we haunt.
The traveller hears our midnight mirth: "Oh list," he cries, "the haunted choir!
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Essays in English Literature, 1780-1860

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of Essays in English Literature, 1780-1860 is here in full — 403 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE GHOSTS In life three ghostly friars were we, And now three friendly ghosts we be.
/ðə ɡoʊsts ɪn laɪf θriː ˈɡoʊstli ˈfraɪərz wɜːr wiː ənd naʊ θriː ˈfrendli ɡoʊsts wiː biː/
Line 2
Around our shadowy table placed, The spectral bowl before us floats: With wine that none but ghosts can taste We wash our unsubstantial throats.
Line 3
Three merry ghosts--three merry ghosts--three merry ghosts are we: Let the ocean be port and we'll think it good sport To be laid in that Red Sea.
Line 4
With songs that jovial spectres chaunt, Our old refectory still we haunt.
Line 5
The traveller hears our midnight mirth: "Oh list," he cries, "the haunted choir!
/ðə ˈtrævələr hiːrz ˈaʊər ˈmɪdnaɪt mɜːrθ oʊ lɪst hiː kraɪz ðə ˈhɔːntɪd ˈkwaɪər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

choir noun US /ˈkwaɪər/

a chorus that sings as part of a religious ceremony

From this reading “The traveller hears our midnight mirth: "Oh list," he cries, "the haunted choir!”

floats noun US /floʊts/

plural of “float” — the time interval between the deposit of a check in a bank and its payment

From this reading “Around our shadowy table placed, The spectral bowl before us floats: With wine that none but ghosts can taste We wash our unsubstantial throats.”

friars noun US /ˈfraɪərz/

plural of “friar” — a male member of a religious order that originally relied solely on alms

From this reading “THE GHOSTS In life three ghostly friars were we, And now three friendly ghosts we be.”

ghostly adjective US /ˈɡoʊstli/

resembling or characteristic of a phantom

From this reading “THE GHOSTS In life three ghostly friars were we, And now three friendly ghosts we be.”

haunt verb US /hɔːnt/

follow stealthily or recur constantly and spontaneously to

From this reading “With songs that jovial spectres chaunt, Our old refectory still we haunt.”

jovial adjective US /ˈdʒoʊviəl/

full of or showing high-spirited merriment

From this reading “With songs that jovial spectres chaunt, Our old refectory still we haunt.”

spectral adjective US /ˈspektrəl/

of or relating to a spectrum

From this reading “Around our shadowy table placed, The spectral bowl before us floats: With wine that none but ghosts can taste We wash our unsubstantial throats.”

throats noun US /θroʊts/

plural of “throat” — the passage to the stomach and lungs; in the front part of the neck below the chin and above the collarbone

From this reading “Around our shadowy table placed, The spectral bowl before us floats: With wine that none but ghosts can taste We wash our unsubstantial throats.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

good sport adjective + noun

In this reading “Three merry ghosts--three merry ghosts--three merry ghosts are we: Let the ocean be port and we'll think it good sport To be laid in that Red Sea.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE GHOSTS In life three ghostly friars were we, And now three friendly ghosts we be.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Three merry ghosts--three merry ghosts--three merry ghosts are we: Let the ocean be port and we'll think it good sport To be laid in that Red Sea.

AroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading Around our shadowy table placed, The spectral bowl before us floats: With wine that none but ghosts can taste We wash our unsubstantial throats.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading THE GHOSTS In life three ghostly friars were we, And now three friendly ghosts we be.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Around our shadowy table placed, The spectral bowl before us floats: With wine that none but ghosts can taste We wash our unsubstantial throats.

bowlnounUS /boʊl/

a round vessel that is open at the top; used chiefly for holding food or liquids

From this reading Around our shadowy table placed, The spectral bowl before us floats: With wine that none but ghosts can taste We wash our unsubstantial throats.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Around our shadowy table placed, The spectral bowl before us floats: With wine that none but ghosts can taste We wash our unsubstantial throats.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading Around our shadowy table placed, The spectral bowl before us floats: With wine that none but ghosts can taste We wash our unsubstantial throats.

chaunt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading With songs that jovial spectres chaunt, Our old refectory still we haunt.

choirnounUS /ˈkwaɪər/

a chorus that sings as part of a religious ceremony

From this reading The traveller hears our midnight mirth: "Oh list," he cries, "the haunted choir!

criesnounUS /kraɪz/

plural of “cry” — a loud utterance; often in protest or opposition

From this reading The traveller hears our midnight mirth: "Oh list," he cries, "the haunted choir!

floatsnounUS /floʊts/

plural of “float” — the time interval between the deposit of a check in a bank and its payment

From this reading Around our shadowy table placed, The spectral bowl before us floats: With wine that none but ghosts can taste We wash our unsubstantial throats.

friarsnounUS /ˈfraɪərz/

plural of “friar” — a male member of a religious order that originally relied solely on alms

From this reading THE GHOSTS In life three ghostly friars were we, And now three friendly ghosts we be.

friendlyadjectiveUS /ˈfrendli/

characteristic of or befitting a friend

From this reading THE GHOSTS In life three ghostly friars were we, And now three friendly ghosts we be.

ghostlyadjectiveUS /ˈɡoʊstli/

resembling or characteristic of a phantom

From this reading THE GHOSTS In life three ghostly friars were we, And now three friendly ghosts we be.

GHOSTSnounUS /ɡoʊsts/

plural of “ghost” — a mental representation of some haunting experience

From this reading THE GHOSTS In life three ghostly friars were we, And now three friendly ghosts we be.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Three merry ghosts--three merry ghosts--three merry ghosts are we: Let the ocean be port and we'll think it good sport To be laid in that Red Sea.

hauntverbUS /hɔːnt/

follow stealthily or recur constantly and spontaneously to

From this reading With songs that jovial spectres chaunt, Our old refectory still we haunt.

hauntedadjectiveUS /ˈhɔːntɪd/

having or showing excessive or compulsive concern with something

From this reading The traveller hears our midnight mirth: "Oh list," he cries, "the haunted choir!

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The traveller hears our midnight mirth: "Oh list," he cries, "the haunted choir!

hearsverbUS /hiːrz/

third-person singular of “hear” — perceive (sound) via the auditory sense

From this reading The traveller hears our midnight mirth: "Oh list," he cries, "the haunted choir!

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE GHOSTS In life three ghostly friars were we, And now three friendly ghosts we be.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Three merry ghosts--three merry ghosts--three merry ghosts are we: Let the ocean be port and we'll think it good sport To be laid in that Red Sea.

jovialadjectiveUS /ˈdʒoʊviəl/

full of or showing high-spirited merriment

From this reading With songs that jovial spectres chaunt, Our old refectory still we haunt.

laidadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading Three merry ghosts--three merry ghosts--three merry ghosts are we: Let the ocean be port and we'll think it good sport To be laid in that Red Sea.

Letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading Three merry ghosts--three merry ghosts--three merry ghosts are we: Let the ocean be port and we'll think it good sport To be laid in that Red Sea.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading THE GHOSTS In life three ghostly friars were we, And now three friendly ghosts we be.

listverbUS /lɪst/

give or make a list of; name individually; give the names of

From this reading The traveller hears our midnight mirth: "Oh list," he cries, "the haunted choir!

merryadjectiveUS /ˈmeri/

full of or showing high-spirited merriment

From this reading Three merry ghosts--three merry ghosts--three merry ghosts are we: Let the ocean be port and we'll think it good sport To be laid in that Red Sea.

midnightnounUS /ˈmɪdnaɪt/

12 o'clock at night; the middle of the night

From this reading The traveller hears our midnight mirth: "Oh list," he cries, "the haunted choir!

mirthnounUS /mɜːrθ/

great merriment

From this reading The traveller hears our midnight mirth: "Oh list," he cries, "the haunted choir!

nonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading Around our shadowy table placed, The spectral bowl before us floats: With wine that none but ghosts can taste We wash our unsubstantial throats.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading THE GHOSTS In life three ghostly friars were we, And now three friendly ghosts we be.

oceannounUS /ˈoʊʃən/

a large body of water constituting a principal part of the hydrosphere

From this reading Three merry ghosts--three merry ghosts--three merry ghosts are we: Let the ocean be port and we'll think it good sport To be laid in that Red Sea.

OhnounUS /oʊ/

a midwestern state in north central United States in the Great Lakes region

From this reading The traveller hears our midnight mirth: "Oh list," he cries, "the haunted choir!

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading With songs that jovial spectres chaunt, Our old refectory still we haunt.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Around our shadowy table placed, The spectral bowl before us floats: With wine that none but ghosts can taste We wash our unsubstantial throats.

placedadjectiveUS /pleɪst/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading Around our shadowy table placed, The spectral bowl before us floats: With wine that none but ghosts can taste We wash our unsubstantial throats.

portnounUS /pɔːrt/

a place (seaport or airport) where people and merchandise can enter or leave a country

From this reading Three merry ghosts--three merry ghosts--three merry ghosts are we: Let the ocean be port and we'll think it good sport To be laid in that Red Sea.

RednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading Three merry ghosts--three merry ghosts--three merry ghosts are we: Let the ocean be port and we'll think it good sport To be laid in that Red Sea.

refectorynoun

a communal dining-hall (usually in a monastery)

From this reading With songs that jovial spectres chaunt, Our old refectory still we haunt.

SeanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading Three merry ghosts--three merry ghosts--three merry ghosts are we: Let the ocean be port and we'll think it good sport To be laid in that Red Sea.

shadowyadjectiveUS /ˈʃædoʊi/

filled with shade

From this reading Around our shadowy table placed, The spectral bowl before us floats: With wine that none but ghosts can taste We wash our unsubstantial throats.

songsnounUS /sɔːŋz/

plural of “song” — a short musical composition with words

From this reading With songs that jovial spectres chaunt, Our old refectory still we haunt.

spectraladjectiveUS /ˈspektrəl/

of or relating to a spectrum

From this reading Around our shadowy table placed, The spectral bowl before us floats: With wine that none but ghosts can taste We wash our unsubstantial throats.

spectres

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading With songs that jovial spectres chaunt, Our old refectory still we haunt.

sportnounUS /spɔːrt/

an active diversion requiring physical exertion and competition

From this reading Three merry ghosts--three merry ghosts--three merry ghosts are we: Let the ocean be port and we'll think it good sport To be laid in that Red Sea.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading With songs that jovial spectres chaunt, Our old refectory still we haunt.

tablenounUS /ˈteɪbəl/

a set of data arranged in rows and columns

From this reading Around our shadowy table placed, The spectral bowl before us floats: With wine that none but ghosts can taste We wash our unsubstantial throats.

tasteverbUS /teɪst/

To perceive flavor through the mouth.

From this reading Around our shadowy table placed, The spectral bowl before us floats: With wine that none but ghosts can taste We wash our unsubstantial throats.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Around our shadowy table placed, The spectral bowl before us floats: With wine that none but ghosts can taste We wash our unsubstantial throats.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE GHOSTS In life three ghostly friars were we, And now three friendly ghosts we be.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading Three merry ghosts--three merry ghosts--three merry ghosts are we: Let the ocean be port and we'll think it good sport To be laid in that Red Sea.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading THE GHOSTS In life three ghostly friars were we, And now three friendly ghosts we be.

throatsnounUS /θroʊts/

plural of “throat” — the passage to the stomach and lungs; in the front part of the neck below the chin and above the collarbone

From this reading Around our shadowy table placed, The spectral bowl before us floats: With wine that none but ghosts can taste We wash our unsubstantial throats.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Three merry ghosts--three merry ghosts--three merry ghosts are we: Let the ocean be port and we'll think it good sport To be laid in that Red Sea.

travellernounUS /ˈtrævələr/

a person who changes location

From this reading The traveller hears our midnight mirth: "Oh list," he cries, "the haunted choir!

unsubstantialadjective

lacking material form or substance; unreal

From this reading Around our shadowy table placed, The spectral bowl before us floats: With wine that none but ghosts can taste We wash our unsubstantial throats.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Around our shadowy table placed, The spectral bowl before us floats: With wine that none but ghosts can taste We wash our unsubstantial throats.

washverbUS /wɑːʃ/

clean with some chemical process

From this reading Around our shadowy table placed, The spectral bowl before us floats: With wine that none but ghosts can taste We wash our unsubstantial throats.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading THE GHOSTS In life three ghostly friars were we, And now three friendly ghosts we be.

we'll

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three merry ghosts--three merry ghosts--three merry ghosts are we: Let the ocean be port and we'll think it good sport To be laid in that Red Sea.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading THE GHOSTS In life three ghostly friars were we, And now three friendly ghosts we be.

winenounUS /waɪn/

fermented juice (of grapes especially)

From this reading Around our shadowy table placed, The spectral bowl before us floats: With wine that none but ghosts can taste We wash our unsubstantial throats.

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Around our shadowy table placed, The spectral bowl before us floats: With wine that none but ghosts can taste We wash our unsubstantial throats.

Chapter 6 of Essays in English Literature, 1780-1860 by George Saintsbury holds 403 sentences, grouped into 81 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of Essays in English Literature, 1780-1860 contain?

Chapter 6 holds 403 sentences of Essays in English Literature, 1780-1860, unabridged, divided into 81 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of Essays in English Literature, 1780-1860 by George Saintsbury exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 403 sentences, grouped into 81 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of Essays in English Literature, 1780-1860?

Work through the 81 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 81 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 6 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Essays in English Literature, 1780-1860

Common questions about reading Essays in English Literature, 1780-1860 by George Saintsbury on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Essays in English Literature, 1780-1860?

Yes. All 3544 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #30455 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Essays in English Literature, 1780-1860 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #30455, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Essays in English Literature, 1780-1860 take to read?

About 295 minutes of reading across 709 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Essays in English Literature, 1780-1860 section by section

How to work through Essays in English Literature, 1780-1860 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 9 chapters of Essays in English Literature, 1780-1860 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Essays in English Literature, 1780-1860

Words and structures a reader meets early in Essays in English Literature, 1780-1860, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Essays
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays in English Literature, 1780-1860; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Volume
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays in English Literature, 1780-1860; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Introductory
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays in English Literature, 1780-1860; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Paper
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays in English Literature, 1780-1860; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.