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Essays in Literature and History
Essays in Literature and History

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of Essays in Literature and History is here in full — 377 sentences across 76 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/75 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
All things desire life, seek for energy, and fuller and ampler being.
The component parts of man, his various appetites and passions, are seeking for this while pursuing each its own immoderate indulgence; and it is the primary law of every single being that it so follows what will give it increased vitality.
Whatever will contribute to such increase is the proper good of each; and the good of man as a united being is measured and determined by the effect of it upon his collective powers.
The appetites gather power from their several objects of desire; but the power of the part is the weakness of the whole; and man as a collective person gathers life, being, and self-mastery only from the absolute good,-- the source of all real good, and truth, and energy,-- that is, God.
The love of God is the extinction of all other loves and all other desires; to know God, as far as man can know him, is power, self-government, and peace.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Essays in Literature and History

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of Essays in Literature and History is here in full — 377 sentences across 76 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/75 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
All things desire life, seek for energy, and fuller and ampler being.
Line 2
The component parts of man, his various appetites and passions, are seeking for this while pursuing each its own immoderate indulgence; and it is the primary law of every single being that it so follows what will give it increased vitality.
Line 3
Whatever will contribute to such increase is the proper good of each; and the good of man as a united being is measured and determined by the effect of it upon his collective powers.
/ˌwʌˈtevər wɪl kənˈtrɪbjuːt tuː sʌtʃ ˌɪnˈkriːs ɪz ðə ˈprɑːpər ɡʊd ʌv iːtʃ ənd ðə ɡʊd ʌv mæn æz ə juːˈnaɪtɪd ˈbiːɪŋ ɪz ˈmeʒərd ənd dɪˈtɜːrmənd baɪ ðə ɪˈfekt ʌv ɪt əˈpɑːn hɪz kəˈlektɪv ˈpaʊərz/
Line 4
The appetites gather power from their several objects of desire; but the power of the part is the weakness of the whole; and man as a collective person gathers life, being, and self-mastery only from the absolute good,-- the source of all real good, and truth, and energy,-- that is, God.
Line 5
The love of God is the extinction of all other loves and all other desires; to know God, as far as man can know him, is power, self-government, and peace.
/ðə lʌv ʌv ɡɑːd ɪz ðə ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən ʌv ɔːl ˈʌðər lʌvz ənd ɔːl ˈʌðər dɪˈzaɪərz tuː noʊ ɡɑːd æz fɑːr æz mæn kæn noʊ hɪm ɪz ˈpaʊər ˈselfˈɡʌvərnmənt ənd piːs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

appetites noun US /ˈæpətaɪts/

plural of “appetite” — a feeling of craving something

From this reading “The component parts of man, his various appetites and passions, are seeking for this while pursuing each its own immoderate indulgence; and it is the primary law of every single being that it so follows what will give it increased vitality.”

collective adjective US /kəˈlektɪv/

done by or characteristic of individuals acting together

From this reading “Whatever will contribute to such increase is the proper good of each; and the good of man as a united being is measured and determined by the effect of it upon his collective powers.”

component noun US /kəmˈpoʊnənt/

an abstract part of something

From this reading “The component parts of man, his various appetites and passions, are seeking for this while pursuing each its own immoderate indulgence; and it is the primary law of every single being that it so follows what will give it increased vitality.”

contribute verb US /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/

bestow a quality on

From this reading “Whatever will contribute to such increase is the proper good of each; and the good of man as a united being is measured and determined by the effect of it upon his collective powers.”

extinction noun US /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/

no longer active; extinguished

From this reading “The love of God is the extinction of all other loves and all other desires; to know God, as far as man can know him, is power, self-government, and peace.”

gathers noun US /ˈɡæðərz/

plural of “gather” — sewing consisting of small folds or puckers made by pulling tight a thread in a line of stitching

From this reading “The appetites gather power from their several objects of desire; but the power of the part is the weakness of the whole; and man as a collective person gathers life, being, and self-mastery only from the absolute good,-- the source of all real good, and truth, and energy,-- that is, God.”

primary adjective US /ˈpraɪmeri/

of first rank or importance or value; direct and immediate rather than secondary

From this reading “The component parts of man, his various appetites and passions, are seeking for this while pursuing each its own immoderate indulgence; and it is the primary law of every single being that it so follows what will give it increased vitality.”

self-government noun US /ˈselfˈɡʌvərnmənt/

government of a political unit by its own people

From this reading “The love of God is the extinction of all other loves and all other desires; to know God, as far as man can know him, is power, self-government, and peace.”

All words in this reading · 91

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Whatever will contribute to such increase is the proper good of each; and the good of man as a united being is measured and determined by the effect of it upon his collective powers.

absoluteadjectiveUS /ˈæbsəluːt/

perfect or complete or pure

From this reading The appetites gather power from their several objects of desire; but the power of the part is the weakness of the whole; and man as a collective person gathers life, being, and self-mastery only from the absolute good,-- the source of all real good, and truth, and energy,-- that is, God.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading All things desire life, seek for energy, and fuller and ampler being.

ampler

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All things desire life, seek for energy, and fuller and ampler being.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading All things desire life, seek for energy, and fuller and ampler being.

appetitesnounUS /ˈæpətaɪts/

plural of “appetite” — a feeling of craving something

From this reading The component parts of man, his various appetites and passions, are seeking for this while pursuing each its own immoderate indulgence; and it is the primary law of every single being that it so follows what will give it increased vitality.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The component parts of man, his various appetites and passions, are seeking for this while pursuing each its own immoderate indulgence; and it is the primary law of every single being that it so follows what will give it increased vitality.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Whatever will contribute to such increase is the proper good of each; and the good of man as a united being is measured and determined by the effect of it upon his collective powers.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading All things desire life, seek for energy, and fuller and ampler being.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The appetites gather power from their several objects of desire; but the power of the part is the weakness of the whole; and man as a collective person gathers life, being, and self-mastery only from the absolute good,-- the source of all real good, and truth, and energy,-- that is, God.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Whatever will contribute to such increase is the proper good of each; and the good of man as a united being is measured and determined by the effect of it upon his collective powers.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading The love of God is the extinction of all other loves and all other desires; to know God, as far as man can know him, is power, self-government, and peace.

collectiveadjectiveUS /kəˈlektɪv/

done by or characteristic of individuals acting together

From this reading Whatever will contribute to such increase is the proper good of each; and the good of man as a united being is measured and determined by the effect of it upon his collective powers.

componentnounUS /kəmˈpoʊnənt/

an abstract part of something

From this reading The component parts of man, his various appetites and passions, are seeking for this while pursuing each its own immoderate indulgence; and it is the primary law of every single being that it so follows what will give it increased vitality.

contributeverbUS /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/

bestow a quality on

From this reading Whatever will contribute to such increase is the proper good of each; and the good of man as a united being is measured and determined by the effect of it upon his collective powers.

desirenounUS /dɪˈzaɪər/

the feeling that accompanies an unsatisfied state

From this reading All things desire life, seek for energy, and fuller and ampler being.

desiresnounUS /dɪˈzaɪərz/

plural of “desire” — the feeling that accompanies an unsatisfied state

From this reading The love of God is the extinction of all other loves and all other desires; to know God, as far as man can know him, is power, self-government, and peace.

determinedadjectiveUS /dɪˈtɜːrmənd/

characterized by great determination

From this reading Whatever will contribute to such increase is the proper good of each; and the good of man as a united being is measured and determined by the effect of it upon his collective powers.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading The component parts of man, his various appetites and passions, are seeking for this while pursuing each its own immoderate indulgence; and it is the primary law of every single being that it so follows what will give it increased vitality.

effectnounUS /ɪˈfekt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading Whatever will contribute to such increase is the proper good of each; and the good of man as a united being is measured and determined by the effect of it upon his collective powers.

energynounUS /ˈenərdʒi/

(physics) a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the capacity of a physical system to do work; the units of energy are joules or ergs

From this reading All things desire life, seek for energy, and fuller and ampler being.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading The component parts of man, his various appetites and passions, are seeking for this while pursuing each its own immoderate indulgence; and it is the primary law of every single being that it so follows what will give it increased vitality.

extinctionnounUS /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/

no longer active; extinguished

From this reading The love of God is the extinction of all other loves and all other desires; to know God, as far as man can know him, is power, self-government, and peace.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading The love of God is the extinction of all other loves and all other desires; to know God, as far as man can know him, is power, self-government, and peace.

followsverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊz/

third-person singular of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading The component parts of man, his various appetites and passions, are seeking for this while pursuing each its own immoderate indulgence; and it is the primary law of every single being that it so follows what will give it increased vitality.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading All things desire life, seek for energy, and fuller and ampler being.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The appetites gather power from their several objects of desire; but the power of the part is the weakness of the whole; and man as a collective person gathers life, being, and self-mastery only from the absolute good,-- the source of all real good, and truth, and energy,-- that is, God.

fullernounUS /ˈfʊlər/

United States jurist and chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1833-1910)

From this reading All things desire life, seek for energy, and fuller and ampler being.

gatherverbUS /ˈɡæðər/

assemble or get together

From this reading The appetites gather power from their several objects of desire; but the power of the part is the weakness of the whole; and man as a collective person gathers life, being, and self-mastery only from the absolute good,-- the source of all real good, and truth, and energy,-- that is, God.

gathersnounUS /ˈɡæðərz/

plural of “gather” — sewing consisting of small folds or puckers made by pulling tight a thread in a line of stitching

From this reading The appetites gather power from their several objects of desire; but the power of the part is the weakness of the whole; and man as a collective person gathers life, being, and self-mastery only from the absolute good,-- the source of all real good, and truth, and energy,-- that is, God.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading The component parts of man, his various appetites and passions, are seeking for this while pursuing each its own immoderate indulgence; and it is the primary law of every single being that it so follows what will give it increased vitality.

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading The appetites gather power from their several objects of desire; but the power of the part is the weakness of the whole; and man as a collective person gathers life, being, and self-mastery only from the absolute good,-- the source of all real good, and truth, and energy,-- that is, God.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Whatever will contribute to such increase is the proper good of each; and the good of man as a united being is measured and determined by the effect of it upon his collective powers.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The love of God is the extinction of all other loves and all other desires; to know God, as far as man can know him, is power, self-government, and peace.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The component parts of man, his various appetites and passions, are seeking for this while pursuing each its own immoderate indulgence; and it is the primary law of every single being that it so follows what will give it increased vitality.

immoderateadjective

beyond reasonable limits

From this reading The component parts of man, his various appetites and passions, are seeking for this while pursuing each its own immoderate indulgence; and it is the primary law of every single being that it so follows what will give it increased vitality.

increasenounUS /ˌɪnˈkriːs/

a quantity that is added

From this reading Whatever will contribute to such increase is the proper good of each; and the good of man as a united being is measured and determined by the effect of it upon his collective powers.

increasedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkriːst/

made greater in size or amount or degree

From this reading The component parts of man, his various appetites and passions, are seeking for this while pursuing each its own immoderate indulgence; and it is the primary law of every single being that it so follows what will give it increased vitality.

indulgencenounUS /ˌɪnˈdʌldʒəns/

an inability to resist the gratification of whims and desires

From this reading The component parts of man, his various appetites and passions, are seeking for this while pursuing each its own immoderate indulgence; and it is the primary law of every single being that it so follows what will give it increased vitality.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The component parts of man, his various appetites and passions, are seeking for this while pursuing each its own immoderate indulgence; and it is the primary law of every single being that it so follows what will give it increased vitality.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The component parts of man, his various appetites and passions, are seeking for this while pursuing each its own immoderate indulgence; and it is the primary law of every single being that it so follows what will give it increased vitality.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The component parts of man, his various appetites and passions, are seeking for this while pursuing each its own immoderate indulgence; and it is the primary law of every single being that it so follows what will give it increased vitality.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading The love of God is the extinction of all other loves and all other desires; to know God, as far as man can know him, is power, self-government, and peace.

lawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading The component parts of man, his various appetites and passions, are seeking for this while pursuing each its own immoderate indulgence; and it is the primary law of every single being that it so follows what will give it increased vitality.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading All things desire life, seek for energy, and fuller and ampler being.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading The love of God is the extinction of all other loves and all other desires; to know God, as far as man can know him, is power, self-government, and peace.

lovesnounUS /lʌvz/

plural of “love” — a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading The love of God is the extinction of all other loves and all other desires; to know God, as far as man can know him, is power, self-government, and peace.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The component parts of man, his various appetites and passions, are seeking for this while pursuing each its own immoderate indulgence; and it is the primary law of every single being that it so follows what will give it increased vitality.

measuredadjectiveUS /ˈmeʒərd/

having notes of fixed rhythmic value

From this reading Whatever will contribute to such increase is the proper good of each; and the good of man as a united being is measured and determined by the effect of it upon his collective powers.

objectsnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekts/

plural of “object” — a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading The appetites gather power from their several objects of desire; but the power of the part is the weakness of the whole; and man as a collective person gathers life, being, and self-mastery only from the absolute good,-- the source of all real good, and truth, and energy,-- that is, God.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The component parts of man, his various appetites and passions, are seeking for this while pursuing each its own immoderate indulgence; and it is the primary law of every single being that it so follows what will give it increased vitality.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The appetites gather power from their several objects of desire; but the power of the part is the weakness of the whole; and man as a collective person gathers life, being, and self-mastery only from the absolute good,-- the source of all real good, and truth, and energy,-- that is, God.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The love of God is the extinction of all other loves and all other desires; to know God, as far as man can know him, is power, self-government, and peace.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading The component parts of man, his various appetites and passions, are seeking for this while pursuing each its own immoderate indulgence; and it is the primary law of every single being that it so follows what will give it increased vitality.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading The appetites gather power from their several objects of desire; but the power of the part is the weakness of the whole; and man as a collective person gathers life, being, and self-mastery only from the absolute good,-- the source of all real good, and truth, and energy,-- that is, God.

partsnounUS /pɑːrts/

the local environment

From this reading The component parts of man, his various appetites and passions, are seeking for this while pursuing each its own immoderate indulgence; and it is the primary law of every single being that it so follows what will give it increased vitality.

passionsnounUS /ˈpæʃənz/

plural of “passion” — a strong feeling or emotion

From this reading The component parts of man, his various appetites and passions, are seeking for this while pursuing each its own immoderate indulgence; and it is the primary law of every single being that it so follows what will give it increased vitality.

peacenounUS /piːs/

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading The love of God is the extinction of all other loves and all other desires; to know God, as far as man can know him, is power, self-government, and peace.

personnounUS /ˈpɜːrsən/

a human being

From this reading The appetites gather power from their several objects of desire; but the power of the part is the weakness of the whole; and man as a collective person gathers life, being, and self-mastery only from the absolute good,-- the source of all real good, and truth, and energy,-- that is, God.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading The appetites gather power from their several objects of desire; but the power of the part is the weakness of the whole; and man as a collective person gathers life, being, and self-mastery only from the absolute good,-- the source of all real good, and truth, and energy,-- that is, God.

powersnounUS /ˈpaʊərz/

plural of “power” — possession of controlling influence

From this reading Whatever will contribute to such increase is the proper good of each; and the good of man as a united being is measured and determined by the effect of it upon his collective powers.

primaryadjectiveUS /ˈpraɪmeri/

of first rank or importance or value; direct and immediate rather than secondary

From this reading The component parts of man, his various appetites and passions, are seeking for this while pursuing each its own immoderate indulgence; and it is the primary law of every single being that it so follows what will give it increased vitality.

properadjectiveUS /ˈprɑːpər/

marked by suitability or rightness or appropriateness

From this reading Whatever will contribute to such increase is the proper good of each; and the good of man as a united being is measured and determined by the effect of it upon his collective powers.

pursuingadjectiveUS /pərˈsuːɪŋ/

following in order to overtake or capture or as accompaniment to such pursuit

From this reading The component parts of man, his various appetites and passions, are seeking for this while pursuing each its own immoderate indulgence; and it is the primary law of every single being that it so follows what will give it increased vitality.

realadjectiveUS /riːl/

being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory

From this reading The appetites gather power from their several objects of desire; but the power of the part is the weakness of the whole; and man as a collective person gathers life, being, and self-mastery only from the absolute good,-- the source of all real good, and truth, and energy,-- that is, God.

seekverbUS /siːk/

try to get or reach

From this reading All things desire life, seek for energy, and fuller and ampler being.

seekingnounUS /ˈsiːkɪŋ/

the act of searching for something

From this reading The component parts of man, his various appetites and passions, are seeking for this while pursuing each its own immoderate indulgence; and it is the primary law of every single being that it so follows what will give it increased vitality.

self-governmentnounUS /ˈselfˈɡʌvərnmənt/

government of a political unit by its own people

From this reading The love of God is the extinction of all other loves and all other desires; to know God, as far as man can know him, is power, self-government, and peace.

self-mastery

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The appetites gather power from their several objects of desire; but the power of the part is the weakness of the whole; and man as a collective person gathers life, being, and self-mastery only from the absolute good,-- the source of all real good, and truth, and energy,-- that is, God.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading The appetites gather power from their several objects of desire; but the power of the part is the weakness of the whole; and man as a collective person gathers life, being, and self-mastery only from the absolute good,-- the source of all real good, and truth, and energy,-- that is, God.

singleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪŋɡəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading The component parts of man, his various appetites and passions, are seeking for this while pursuing each its own immoderate indulgence; and it is the primary law of every single being that it so follows what will give it increased vitality.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The component parts of man, his various appetites and passions, are seeking for this while pursuing each its own immoderate indulgence; and it is the primary law of every single being that it so follows what will give it increased vitality.

sourcenounUS /sɔːrs/

the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading The appetites gather power from their several objects of desire; but the power of the part is the weakness of the whole; and man as a collective person gathers life, being, and self-mastery only from the absolute good,-- the source of all real good, and truth, and energy,-- that is, God.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Whatever will contribute to such increase is the proper good of each; and the good of man as a united being is measured and determined by the effect of it upon his collective powers.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The component parts of man, his various appetites and passions, are seeking for this while pursuing each its own immoderate indulgence; and it is the primary law of every single being that it so follows what will give it increased vitality.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The component parts of man, his various appetites and passions, are seeking for this while pursuing each its own immoderate indulgence; and it is the primary law of every single being that it so follows what will give it increased vitality.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The appetites gather power from their several objects of desire; but the power of the part is the weakness of the whole; and man as a collective person gathers life, being, and self-mastery only from the absolute good,-- the source of all real good, and truth, and energy,-- that is, God.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading All things desire life, seek for energy, and fuller and ampler being.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The component parts of man, his various appetites and passions, are seeking for this while pursuing each its own immoderate indulgence; and it is the primary law of every single being that it so follows what will give it increased vitality.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Whatever will contribute to such increase is the proper good of each; and the good of man as a united being is measured and determined by the effect of it upon his collective powers.

truthnounUS /truːθ/

a fact that has been verified

From this reading The appetites gather power from their several objects of desire; but the power of the part is the weakness of the whole; and man as a collective person gathers life, being, and self-mastery only from the absolute good,-- the source of all real good, and truth, and energy,-- that is, God.

unitedadjectiveUS /juːˈnaɪtɪd/

characterized by unity; being or joined into a single entity

From this reading Whatever will contribute to such increase is the proper good of each; and the good of man as a united being is measured and determined by the effect of it upon his collective powers.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Whatever will contribute to such increase is the proper good of each; and the good of man as a united being is measured and determined by the effect of it upon his collective powers.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading The component parts of man, his various appetites and passions, are seeking for this while pursuing each its own immoderate indulgence; and it is the primary law of every single being that it so follows what will give it increased vitality.

vitalitynounUS /vaɪˈtæləti/

an energetic style

From this reading The component parts of man, his various appetites and passions, are seeking for this while pursuing each its own immoderate indulgence; and it is the primary law of every single being that it so follows what will give it increased vitality.

weaknessnounUS /ˈwiːknəs/

a flaw or weak point

From this reading The appetites gather power from their several objects of desire; but the power of the part is the weakness of the whole; and man as a collective person gathers life, being, and self-mastery only from the absolute good,-- the source of all real good, and truth, and energy,-- that is, God.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading The component parts of man, his various appetites and passions, are seeking for this while pursuing each its own immoderate indulgence; and it is the primary law of every single being that it so follows what will give it increased vitality.

WhateverdeterminerUS /ˌwʌˈtevər/

any or all of a kind, it does not matter which

From this reading Whatever will contribute to such increase is the proper good of each; and the good of man as a united being is measured and determined by the effect of it upon his collective powers.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading The component parts of man, his various appetites and passions, are seeking for this while pursuing each its own immoderate indulgence; and it is the primary law of every single being that it so follows what will give it increased vitality.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading The appetites gather power from their several objects of desire; but the power of the part is the weakness of the whole; and man as a collective person gathers life, being, and self-mastery only from the absolute good,-- the source of all real good, and truth, and energy,-- that is, God.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading The component parts of man, his various appetites and passions, are seeking for this while pursuing each its own immoderate indulgence; and it is the primary law of every single being that it so follows what will give it increased vitality.

Chapter 9 of Essays in Literature and History by James Anthony Froude holds 377 sentences, grouped into 76 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of Essays in Literature and History contain?

Chapter 9 holds 377 sentences of Essays in Literature and History, unabridged, divided into 76 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of Essays in Literature and History by James Anthony Froude exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 377 sentences, grouped into 76 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of Essays in Literature and History?

Work through the 76 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 76 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Essays in Literature and History

Common questions about reading Essays in Literature and History by James Anthony Froude on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Essays in Literature and History?

Yes. All 3856 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #18276 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Essays in Literature and History is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #18276, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Essays in Literature and History take to read?

About 321 minutes of reading across 772 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Essays in Literature and History section by section

How to work through Essays in Literature and History section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Essays in Literature and History

Words and structures a reader meets early in Essays in Literature and History, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

London
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays in Literature and History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Froude
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays in Literature and History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Merit--a
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays in Literature and History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Merit
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays in Literature and History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.