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Essays of an Americanist
Essays of an Americanist

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of Essays of an Americanist is here in full — 909 sentences across 182 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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GRAPHIC SYSTEMS AND LITERATURE.
INTRODUCTORY.
The intellectual development of a nation attains its fullest expression in language, oral or written.
This “divine art” as Plato calls it, claims therefore from the student of man in the aggregate a prolonged attention and the most painstaking analysis.
Too frequently one hears among anthropologists the claims of linguistics decried, and the many blunders and over-hasty generalizations of philologists quoted as good reasons for the neglect or distrust of their branch.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Essays of an Americanist

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of Essays of an Americanist is here in full — 909 sentences across 182 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/181 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
GRAPHIC SYSTEMS AND LITERATURE.
/ˈɡræfɪk ˈsɪstəmz ənd ˈlɪtərətʃər/
Line 2
INTRODUCTORY.
/ˌɪntrəˈdʌktəri/
Line 3
The intellectual development of a nation attains its fullest expression in language, oral or written.
/ðə ˌɪntəˈlektʃuːəl dɪˈveləpmənt ʌv ə ˈneɪʃən əˈteɪnz ɪts ˈfʊləst ɪkˈspreʃən ɪn ˈlæŋɡwədʒ ˈɔːrəl ɔːr ˈrɪtən/
Line 4
This “divine art” as Plato calls it, claims therefore from the student of man in the aggregate a prolonged attention and the most painstaking analysis.
/ðɪs dɪˈvaɪn ɑːrt æz ˈpleɪtoʊ kɔːlz ɪt kleɪmz ˈðerfɔːr frʌm ðə ˈstuːdənt ʌv mæn ɪn ðə ˈæɡrəɡət ə prəˈlɔːŋd əˈtenʃən ənd ðə moʊst ˈpeɪnsteɪkɪŋ əˈnæləsəs/
Line 5
Too frequently one hears among anthropologists the claims of linguistics decried, and the many blunders and over-hasty generalizations of philologists quoted as good reasons for the neglect or distrust of their branch.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

aggregate noun US /ˈæɡrəɡət/

the whole amount

From this reading “This “divine art” as Plato calls it, claims therefore from the student of man in the aggregate a prolonged attention and the most painstaking analysis.”

anthropologists noun US /ˌænθrəˈpɑːlədʒəsts/

plural of “anthropologist” — a social scientist who specializes in anthropology

From this reading “Too frequently one hears among anthropologists the claims of linguistics decried, and the many blunders and over-hasty generalizations of philologists quoted as good reasons for the neglect or distrust of their branch.”

attains verb US /əˈteɪnz/

third-person singular of “attain” — to gain with effort

From this reading “The intellectual development of a nation attains its fullest expression in language, oral or written.”

decried verb US /dɪˈkraɪd/

inflected form of “decry” — express strong disapproval of

From this reading “Too frequently one hears among anthropologists the claims of linguistics decried, and the many blunders and over-hasty generalizations of philologists quoted as good reasons for the neglect or distrust of their branch.”

generalizations noun US /ˌdʒenərələˈzeɪʃənz/

plural of “generalization” — reasoning from detailed facts to general principles

From this reading “Too frequently one hears among anthropologists the claims of linguistics decried, and the many blunders and over-hasty generalizations of philologists quoted as good reasons for the neglect or distrust of their branch.”

linguistics noun US /lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪks/

the scientific study of language

From this reading “Too frequently one hears among anthropologists the claims of linguistics decried, and the many blunders and over-hasty generalizations of philologists quoted as good reasons for the neglect or distrust of their branch.”

oral adjective US /ˈɔːrəl/

using speech rather than writing

From this reading “The intellectual development of a nation attains its fullest expression in language, oral or written.”

painstaking adjective US /ˈpeɪnsteɪkɪŋ/

characterized by extreme care and great effort

From this reading “This “divine art” as Plato calls it, claims therefore from the student of man in the aggregate a prolonged attention and the most painstaking analysis.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

intellectual development adjective + noun

In this reading “The intellectual development of a nation attains its fullest expression in language, oral or written.”

good reasons adjective + noun counted as “good reason”

In this reading “Too frequently one hears among anthropologists the claims of linguistics decried, and the many blunders and over-hasty generalizations of philologists quoted as good reasons for the neglect or distrust of their branch.”

All words in this reading · 59

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The intellectual development of a nation attains its fullest expression in language, oral or written.

aggregatenounUS /ˈæɡrəɡət/

the whole amount

From this reading This “divine art” as Plato calls it, claims therefore from the student of man in the aggregate a prolonged attention and the most painstaking analysis.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Too frequently one hears among anthropologists the claims of linguistics decried, and the many blunders and over-hasty generalizations of philologists quoted as good reasons for the neglect or distrust of their branch.

analysisnounUS /əˈnæləsəs/

an investigation of the component parts of a whole and their relations in making up the whole

From this reading This “divine art” as Plato calls it, claims therefore from the student of man in the aggregate a prolonged attention and the most painstaking analysis.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading GRAPHIC SYSTEMS AND LITERATURE.

anthropologistsnounUS /ˌænθrəˈpɑːlədʒəsts/

plural of “anthropologist” — a social scientist who specializes in anthropology

From this reading Too frequently one hears among anthropologists the claims of linguistics decried, and the many blunders and over-hasty generalizations of philologists quoted as good reasons for the neglect or distrust of their branch.

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading This “divine art” as Plato calls it, claims therefore from the student of man in the aggregate a prolonged attention and the most painstaking analysis.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading This “divine art” as Plato calls it, claims therefore from the student of man in the aggregate a prolonged attention and the most painstaking analysis.

attainsverbUS /əˈteɪnz/

third-person singular of “attain” — to gain with effort

From this reading The intellectual development of a nation attains its fullest expression in language, oral or written.

attentionnounUS /əˈtenʃən/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading This “divine art” as Plato calls it, claims therefore from the student of man in the aggregate a prolonged attention and the most painstaking analysis.

blundersnounUS /ˈblʌndərz/

plural of “blunder” — an embarrassing mistake

From this reading Too frequently one hears among anthropologists the claims of linguistics decried, and the many blunders and over-hasty generalizations of philologists quoted as good reasons for the neglect or distrust of their branch.

branchnounUS /bræntʃ/

a division of some larger or more complex organization

From this reading Too frequently one hears among anthropologists the claims of linguistics decried, and the many blunders and over-hasty generalizations of philologists quoted as good reasons for the neglect or distrust of their branch.

callsnounUS /kɔːlz/

plural of “call” — a telephone connection

From this reading This “divine art” as Plato calls it, claims therefore from the student of man in the aggregate a prolonged attention and the most painstaking analysis.

claimsnounUS /kleɪmz/

plural of “claim” — an assertion of a right (as to money or property)

From this reading This “divine art” as Plato calls it, claims therefore from the student of man in the aggregate a prolonged attention and the most painstaking analysis.

decriedverbUS /dɪˈkraɪd/

inflected form of “decry” — express strong disapproval of

From this reading Too frequently one hears among anthropologists the claims of linguistics decried, and the many blunders and over-hasty generalizations of philologists quoted as good reasons for the neglect or distrust of their branch.

developmentnounUS /dɪˈveləpmənt/

act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading The intellectual development of a nation attains its fullest expression in language, oral or written.

distrustnounUS /dɪˈstrʌst/

doubt about someone's honesty

From this reading Too frequently one hears among anthropologists the claims of linguistics decried, and the many blunders and over-hasty generalizations of philologists quoted as good reasons for the neglect or distrust of their branch.

divineadjectiveUS /dɪˈvaɪn/

emanating from God

From this reading This “divine art” as Plato calls it, claims therefore from the student of man in the aggregate a prolonged attention and the most painstaking analysis.

expressionnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃən/

the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading The intellectual development of a nation attains its fullest expression in language, oral or written.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Too frequently one hears among anthropologists the claims of linguistics decried, and the many blunders and over-hasty generalizations of philologists quoted as good reasons for the neglect or distrust of their branch.

frequentlyadverbUS /ˈfriːkwəntli/

many times at short intervals

From this reading Too frequently one hears among anthropologists the claims of linguistics decried, and the many blunders and over-hasty generalizations of philologists quoted as good reasons for the neglect or distrust of their branch.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading This “divine art” as Plato calls it, claims therefore from the student of man in the aggregate a prolonged attention and the most painstaking analysis.

fullestadjectiveUS /ˈfʊləst/

superlative of “full” — containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading The intellectual development of a nation attains its fullest expression in language, oral or written.

generalizationsnounUS /ˌdʒenərələˈzeɪʃənz/

plural of “generalization” — reasoning from detailed facts to general principles

From this reading Too frequently one hears among anthropologists the claims of linguistics decried, and the many blunders and over-hasty generalizations of philologists quoted as good reasons for the neglect or distrust of their branch.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Too frequently one hears among anthropologists the claims of linguistics decried, and the many blunders and over-hasty generalizations of philologists quoted as good reasons for the neglect or distrust of their branch.

GRAPHICadjectiveUS /ˈɡræfɪk/

written or drawn or engraved

From this reading GRAPHIC SYSTEMS AND LITERATURE.

hearsverbUS /hiːrz/

third-person singular of “hear” — perceive (sound) via the auditory sense

From this reading Too frequently one hears among anthropologists the claims of linguistics decried, and the many blunders and over-hasty generalizations of philologists quoted as good reasons for the neglect or distrust of their branch.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The intellectual development of a nation attains its fullest expression in language, oral or written.

intellectualadjectiveUS /ˌɪntəˈlektʃuːəl/

of or associated with or requiring the use of the mind

From this reading The intellectual development of a nation attains its fullest expression in language, oral or written.

INTRODUCTORYadjectiveUS /ˌɪntrəˈdʌktəri/

serving to open or begin

From this reading INTRODUCTORY.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading This “divine art” as Plato calls it, claims therefore from the student of man in the aggregate a prolonged attention and the most painstaking analysis.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The intellectual development of a nation attains its fullest expression in language, oral or written.

languagenounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading The intellectual development of a nation attains its fullest expression in language, oral or written.

linguisticsnounUS /lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪks/

the scientific study of language

From this reading Too frequently one hears among anthropologists the claims of linguistics decried, and the many blunders and over-hasty generalizations of philologists quoted as good reasons for the neglect or distrust of their branch.

LITERATUREnounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading GRAPHIC SYSTEMS AND LITERATURE.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading This “divine art” as Plato calls it, claims therefore from the student of man in the aggregate a prolonged attention and the most painstaking analysis.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Too frequently one hears among anthropologists the claims of linguistics decried, and the many blunders and over-hasty generalizations of philologists quoted as good reasons for the neglect or distrust of their branch.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading This “divine art” as Plato calls it, claims therefore from the student of man in the aggregate a prolonged attention and the most painstaking analysis.

nationnounUS /ˈneɪʃən/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The intellectual development of a nation attains its fullest expression in language, oral or written.

neglectverbUS /nəˈɡlekt/

leave undone or leave out

From this reading Too frequently one hears among anthropologists the claims of linguistics decried, and the many blunders and over-hasty generalizations of philologists quoted as good reasons for the neglect or distrust of their branch.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The intellectual development of a nation attains its fullest expression in language, oral or written.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Too frequently one hears among anthropologists the claims of linguistics decried, and the many blunders and over-hasty generalizations of philologists quoted as good reasons for the neglect or distrust of their branch.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The intellectual development of a nation attains its fullest expression in language, oral or written.

oraladjectiveUS /ˈɔːrəl/

using speech rather than writing

From this reading The intellectual development of a nation attains its fullest expression in language, oral or written.

over-hasty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Too frequently one hears among anthropologists the claims of linguistics decried, and the many blunders and over-hasty generalizations of philologists quoted as good reasons for the neglect or distrust of their branch.

painstakingadjectiveUS /ˈpeɪnsteɪkɪŋ/

characterized by extreme care and great effort

From this reading This “divine art” as Plato calls it, claims therefore from the student of man in the aggregate a prolonged attention and the most painstaking analysis.

philologists

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Too frequently one hears among anthropologists the claims of linguistics decried, and the many blunders and over-hasty generalizations of philologists quoted as good reasons for the neglect or distrust of their branch.

PlatonounUS /ˈpleɪtoʊ/

ancient Athenian philosopher; pupil of Socrates; teacher of Aristotle (428-347 BC)

From this reading This “divine art” as Plato calls it, claims therefore from the student of man in the aggregate a prolonged attention and the most painstaking analysis.

prolongedadjectiveUS /prəˈlɔːŋd/

relatively long in duration; tediously protracted

From this reading This “divine art” as Plato calls it, claims therefore from the student of man in the aggregate a prolonged attention and the most painstaking analysis.

quotedverbUS /ˈkwoʊtɪd/

past form of “quote” — repeat a passage from

From this reading Too frequently one hears among anthropologists the claims of linguistics decried, and the many blunders and over-hasty generalizations of philologists quoted as good reasons for the neglect or distrust of their branch.

reasonsnounUS /ˈriːzənz/

plural of “reason” — a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading Too frequently one hears among anthropologists the claims of linguistics decried, and the many blunders and over-hasty generalizations of philologists quoted as good reasons for the neglect or distrust of their branch.

studentnounUS /ˈstuːdənt/

a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution

From this reading This “divine art” as Plato calls it, claims therefore from the student of man in the aggregate a prolonged attention and the most painstaking analysis.

SYSTEMSnounUS /ˈsɪstəmz/

plural of “system” — instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading GRAPHIC SYSTEMS AND LITERATURE.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The intellectual development of a nation attains its fullest expression in language, oral or written.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Too frequently one hears among anthropologists the claims of linguistics decried, and the many blunders and over-hasty generalizations of philologists quoted as good reasons for the neglect or distrust of their branch.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading This “divine art” as Plato calls it, claims therefore from the student of man in the aggregate a prolonged attention and the most painstaking analysis.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This “divine art” as Plato calls it, claims therefore from the student of man in the aggregate a prolonged attention and the most painstaking analysis.

TooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Too frequently one hears among anthropologists the claims of linguistics decried, and the many blunders and over-hasty generalizations of philologists quoted as good reasons for the neglect or distrust of their branch.

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading The intellectual development of a nation attains its fullest expression in language, oral or written.

Chapter 7 of Essays of an Americanist by Daniel G. (Daniel Garrison) Brinton holds 909 sentences, grouped into 182 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Essays of an Americanist contain?

Chapter 7 holds 909 sentences of Essays of an Americanist, unabridged, divided into 182 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Essays of an Americanist by Daniel G. (Daniel Garrison) Brinton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 909 sentences, grouped into 182 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Essays of an Americanist?

Work through the 182 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 182 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Essays of an Americanist

Common questions about reading Essays of an Americanist by Daniel G. (Daniel Garrison) Brinton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Essays of an Americanist?

Yes. All 6335 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #58464 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #58464, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Essays of an Americanist take to read?

About 527 minutes of reading across 1267 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Essays of an Americanist section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Essays of an Americanist

Words and structures a reader meets early in Essays of an Americanist, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Essays
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays of an Americanist; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Americanist
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays of an Americanist; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ethnologic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays of an Americanist; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ologic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays of an Americanist; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.