Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Essays of an Americanist
Essays of an Americanist

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Essays of an Americanist is here in full — 3939 sentences across 788 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Essays of an Americanist
Context Illustration Reading 1/787 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
LINGUISTIC.
INTRODUCTORY.
The processes, psychical and logical, which lie at the basis and modify the forms of articulate speech, have yet to be defined and classified in a manner to secure the general acceptance of scholars.
While these processes are operative and recognizable in all languages, it has ever seemed to me that they are more apparent and transparent in the unwritten tongues of savage tribes.
As the stream is more diaphanous near its source, as the problem of organic life is more readily studied in the lowest groups of animals and vegetables, by such analogies we are prompted to select the uncultured speech of the rudest of our race to discover the laws of growth in human expression.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Essays of an Americanist

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Essays of an Americanist is here in full — 3939 sentences across 788 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/787 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
LINGUISTIC.
/lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk/
Line 2
INTRODUCTORY.
/ˌɪntrəˈdʌktəri/
Line 3
The processes, psychical and logical, which lie at the basis and modify the forms of articulate speech, have yet to be defined and classified in a manner to secure the general acceptance of scholars.
/ðə ˈprɑːsesəz ˈsaɪkɪkəl ənd ˈlɑːdʒɪkəl wɪtʃ laɪ æt ðə ˈbeɪsəs ənd ˈmɑːdəfaɪ ðə fɔːrmz ʌv ɑːrˈtɪkjəleɪt spiːtʃ hæv jet tuː biː dɪˈfaɪnd ənd ˈklæsəfaɪd ɪn ə ˈmænər tuː sɪˈkjʊr ðə ˈdʒenərəl ækˈseptəns ʌv ˈskɑːlərz/
Line 4
While these processes are operative and recognizable in all languages, it has ever seemed to me that they are more apparent and transparent in the unwritten tongues of savage tribes.
/waɪl ðiːz ˈprɑːsesəz ɑːr ˈɑːpərətɪv ənd ˌrekəɡˈnaɪzəbəl ɪn ɔːl ˈlæŋɡwədʒəz ɪt hæz ˈevər siːmd tuː miː ðæt ðeɪ ɑːr mɔːr əˈperənt ənd trænˈsperənt ɪn ðə ənˈrɪtən tʌŋz ʌv ˈsævədʒ traɪbz/
Line 5
As the stream is more diaphanous near its source, as the problem of organic life is more readily studied in the lowest groups of animals and vegetables, by such analogies we are prompted to select the uncultured speech of the rudest of our race to discover the laws of growth in human expression.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

analogies noun US /əˈnælədʒiz/

plural of “analogy” — an inference that if things agree in some respects they probably agree in others

From this reading “As the stream is more diaphanous near its source, as the problem of organic life is more readily studied in the lowest groups of animals and vegetables, by such analogies we are prompted to select the uncultured speech of the rudest of our race to discover the laws of growth in human expression.”

classified adjective US /ˈklæsəfaɪd/

arranged into classes

From this reading “The processes, psychical and logical, which lie at the basis and modify the forms of articulate speech, have yet to be defined and classified in a manner to secure the general acceptance of scholars.”

diaphanous adjective US /daɪˈæfənɪs/

so thin as to transmit light

From this reading “As the stream is more diaphanous near its source, as the problem of organic life is more readily studied in the lowest groups of animals and vegetables, by such analogies we are prompted to select the uncultured speech of the rudest of our race to discover the laws of growth in human expression.”

linguistic adjective US /lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk/

consisting of or related to language

From this reading “LINGUISTIC.”

operative adjective US /ˈɑːpərətɪv/

being in force or having or exerting force

From this reading “While these processes are operative and recognizable in all languages, it has ever seemed to me that they are more apparent and transparent in the unwritten tongues of savage tribes.”

psychical adjective US /ˈsaɪkɪkəl/

affecting or influenced by the human mind

From this reading “The processes, psychical and logical, which lie at the basis and modify the forms of articulate speech, have yet to be defined and classified in a manner to secure the general acceptance of scholars.”

recognizable adjective US /ˌrekəɡˈnaɪzəbəl/

easily perceived; easy to become aware of

From this reading “While these processes are operative and recognizable in all languages, it has ever seemed to me that they are more apparent and transparent in the unwritten tongues of savage tribes.”

rudest adjective US /ˈruːdəst/

superlative of “rude” — socially incorrect in behavior

From this reading “As the stream is more diaphanous near its source, as the problem of organic life is more readily studied in the lowest groups of animals and vegetables, by such analogies we are prompted to select the uncultured speech of the rudest of our race to discover the laws of growth in human expression.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

savage tribes adjective + noun counted as “savage tribe”

In this reading “While these processes are operative and recognizable in all languages, it has ever seemed to me that they are more apparent and transparent in the unwritten tongues of savage tribes.”

All words in this reading · 81

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The processes, psychical and logical, which lie at the basis and modify the forms of articulate speech, have yet to be defined and classified in a manner to secure the general acceptance of scholars.

acceptancenounUS /ækˈseptəns/

the mental attitude that something is believable and should be accepted as true

From this reading The processes, psychical and logical, which lie at the basis and modify the forms of articulate speech, have yet to be defined and classified in a manner to secure the general acceptance of scholars.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading While these processes are operative and recognizable in all languages, it has ever seemed to me that they are more apparent and transparent in the unwritten tongues of savage tribes.

analogiesnounUS /əˈnælədʒiz/

plural of “analogy” — an inference that if things agree in some respects they probably agree in others

From this reading As the stream is more diaphanous near its source, as the problem of organic life is more readily studied in the lowest groups of animals and vegetables, by such analogies we are prompted to select the uncultured speech of the rudest of our race to discover the laws of growth in human expression.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The processes, psychical and logical, which lie at the basis and modify the forms of articulate speech, have yet to be defined and classified in a manner to secure the general acceptance of scholars.

animalsnounUS /ˈænəməlz/

plural of “animal” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading As the stream is more diaphanous near its source, as the problem of organic life is more readily studied in the lowest groups of animals and vegetables, by such analogies we are prompted to select the uncultured speech of the rudest of our race to discover the laws of growth in human expression.

apparentadjectiveUS /əˈperənt/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading While these processes are operative and recognizable in all languages, it has ever seemed to me that they are more apparent and transparent in the unwritten tongues of savage tribes.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading While these processes are operative and recognizable in all languages, it has ever seemed to me that they are more apparent and transparent in the unwritten tongues of savage tribes.

articulateverbUS /ɑːrˈtɪkjəleɪt/

provide with a joint

From this reading The processes, psychical and logical, which lie at the basis and modify the forms of articulate speech, have yet to be defined and classified in a manner to secure the general acceptance of scholars.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As the stream is more diaphanous near its source, as the problem of organic life is more readily studied in the lowest groups of animals and vegetables, by such analogies we are prompted to select the uncultured speech of the rudest of our race to discover the laws of growth in human expression.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The processes, psychical and logical, which lie at the basis and modify the forms of articulate speech, have yet to be defined and classified in a manner to secure the general acceptance of scholars.

basisnounUS /ˈbeɪsəs/

a relation that provides the foundation for something

From this reading The processes, psychical and logical, which lie at the basis and modify the forms of articulate speech, have yet to be defined and classified in a manner to secure the general acceptance of scholars.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The processes, psychical and logical, which lie at the basis and modify the forms of articulate speech, have yet to be defined and classified in a manner to secure the general acceptance of scholars.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading As the stream is more diaphanous near its source, as the problem of organic life is more readily studied in the lowest groups of animals and vegetables, by such analogies we are prompted to select the uncultured speech of the rudest of our race to discover the laws of growth in human expression.

classifiedadjectiveUS /ˈklæsəfaɪd/

arranged into classes

From this reading The processes, psychical and logical, which lie at the basis and modify the forms of articulate speech, have yet to be defined and classified in a manner to secure the general acceptance of scholars.

definedadjectiveUS /dɪˈfaɪnd/

clearly characterized or delimited

From this reading The processes, psychical and logical, which lie at the basis and modify the forms of articulate speech, have yet to be defined and classified in a manner to secure the general acceptance of scholars.

diaphanousadjectiveUS /daɪˈæfənɪs/

so thin as to transmit light

From this reading As the stream is more diaphanous near its source, as the problem of organic life is more readily studied in the lowest groups of animals and vegetables, by such analogies we are prompted to select the uncultured speech of the rudest of our race to discover the laws of growth in human expression.

discoververbUS /dɪˈskʌvər/

discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

From this reading As the stream is more diaphanous near its source, as the problem of organic life is more readily studied in the lowest groups of animals and vegetables, by such analogies we are prompted to select the uncultured speech of the rudest of our race to discover the laws of growth in human expression.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading While these processes are operative and recognizable in all languages, it has ever seemed to me that they are more apparent and transparent in the unwritten tongues of savage tribes.

expressionnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃən/

the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading As the stream is more diaphanous near its source, as the problem of organic life is more readily studied in the lowest groups of animals and vegetables, by such analogies we are prompted to select the uncultured speech of the rudest of our race to discover the laws of growth in human expression.

formsnounUS /fɔːrmz/

plural of “form” — the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading The processes, psychical and logical, which lie at the basis and modify the forms of articulate speech, have yet to be defined and classified in a manner to secure the general acceptance of scholars.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading The processes, psychical and logical, which lie at the basis and modify the forms of articulate speech, have yet to be defined and classified in a manner to secure the general acceptance of scholars.

groupsnounUS /ɡruːps/

plural of “group” — any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading As the stream is more diaphanous near its source, as the problem of organic life is more readily studied in the lowest groups of animals and vegetables, by such analogies we are prompted to select the uncultured speech of the rudest of our race to discover the laws of growth in human expression.

growthnounUS /ɡroʊθ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading As the stream is more diaphanous near its source, as the problem of organic life is more readily studied in the lowest groups of animals and vegetables, by such analogies we are prompted to select the uncultured speech of the rudest of our race to discover the laws of growth in human expression.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading While these processes are operative and recognizable in all languages, it has ever seemed to me that they are more apparent and transparent in the unwritten tongues of savage tribes.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The processes, psychical and logical, which lie at the basis and modify the forms of articulate speech, have yet to be defined and classified in a manner to secure the general acceptance of scholars.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading As the stream is more diaphanous near its source, as the problem of organic life is more readily studied in the lowest groups of animals and vegetables, by such analogies we are prompted to select the uncultured speech of the rudest of our race to discover the laws of growth in human expression.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The processes, psychical and logical, which lie at the basis and modify the forms of articulate speech, have yet to be defined and classified in a manner to secure the general acceptance of scholars.

INTRODUCTORYadjectiveUS /ˌɪntrəˈdʌktəri/

serving to open or begin

From this reading INTRODUCTORY.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading As the stream is more diaphanous near its source, as the problem of organic life is more readily studied in the lowest groups of animals and vegetables, by such analogies we are prompted to select the uncultured speech of the rudest of our race to discover the laws of growth in human expression.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading While these processes are operative and recognizable in all languages, it has ever seemed to me that they are more apparent and transparent in the unwritten tongues of savage tribes.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading As the stream is more diaphanous near its source, as the problem of organic life is more readily studied in the lowest groups of animals and vegetables, by such analogies we are prompted to select the uncultured speech of the rudest of our race to discover the laws of growth in human expression.

languagesnounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒəz/

plural of “language” — a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading While these processes are operative and recognizable in all languages, it has ever seemed to me that they are more apparent and transparent in the unwritten tongues of savage tribes.

lawsnounUS /lɔːz/

the first of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures comprising the first five books of the Hebrew Bible considered as a unit

From this reading As the stream is more diaphanous near its source, as the problem of organic life is more readily studied in the lowest groups of animals and vegetables, by such analogies we are prompted to select the uncultured speech of the rudest of our race to discover the laws of growth in human expression.

lieverbUS /laɪ/

be located or situated somewhere; occupy a certain position

From this reading The processes, psychical and logical, which lie at the basis and modify the forms of articulate speech, have yet to be defined and classified in a manner to secure the general acceptance of scholars.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading As the stream is more diaphanous near its source, as the problem of organic life is more readily studied in the lowest groups of animals and vegetables, by such analogies we are prompted to select the uncultured speech of the rudest of our race to discover the laws of growth in human expression.

LINGUISTICadjectiveUS /lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk/

consisting of or related to language

From this reading LINGUISTIC.

logicaladjectiveUS /ˈlɑːdʒɪkəl/

capable of or reflecting the capability for correct and valid reasoning

From this reading The processes, psychical and logical, which lie at the basis and modify the forms of articulate speech, have yet to be defined and classified in a manner to secure the general acceptance of scholars.

lowestadjectiveUS /ˈloʊəst/

lowest in rank or importance

From this reading As the stream is more diaphanous near its source, as the problem of organic life is more readily studied in the lowest groups of animals and vegetables, by such analogies we are prompted to select the uncultured speech of the rudest of our race to discover the laws of growth in human expression.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The processes, psychical and logical, which lie at the basis and modify the forms of articulate speech, have yet to be defined and classified in a manner to secure the general acceptance of scholars.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading While these processes are operative and recognizable in all languages, it has ever seemed to me that they are more apparent and transparent in the unwritten tongues of savage tribes.

modifyverbUS /ˈmɑːdəfaɪ/

make less severe or harsh or extreme

From this reading The processes, psychical and logical, which lie at the basis and modify the forms of articulate speech, have yet to be defined and classified in a manner to secure the general acceptance of scholars.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading While these processes are operative and recognizable in all languages, it has ever seemed to me that they are more apparent and transparent in the unwritten tongues of savage tribes.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading As the stream is more diaphanous near its source, as the problem of organic life is more readily studied in the lowest groups of animals and vegetables, by such analogies we are prompted to select the uncultured speech of the rudest of our race to discover the laws of growth in human expression.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The processes, psychical and logical, which lie at the basis and modify the forms of articulate speech, have yet to be defined and classified in a manner to secure the general acceptance of scholars.

operativeadjectiveUS /ˈɑːpərətɪv/

being in force or having or exerting force

From this reading While these processes are operative and recognizable in all languages, it has ever seemed to me that they are more apparent and transparent in the unwritten tongues of savage tribes.

organicadjectiveUS /ɔːrˈɡænɪk/

relating or belonging to the class of chemical compounds having a carbon basis

From this reading As the stream is more diaphanous near its source, as the problem of organic life is more readily studied in the lowest groups of animals and vegetables, by such analogies we are prompted to select the uncultured speech of the rudest of our race to discover the laws of growth in human expression.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading As the stream is more diaphanous near its source, as the problem of organic life is more readily studied in the lowest groups of animals and vegetables, by such analogies we are prompted to select the uncultured speech of the rudest of our race to discover the laws of growth in human expression.

problemnounUS /ˈprɑːbləm/

a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved

From this reading As the stream is more diaphanous near its source, as the problem of organic life is more readily studied in the lowest groups of animals and vegetables, by such analogies we are prompted to select the uncultured speech of the rudest of our race to discover the laws of growth in human expression.

processesnounUS /ˈprɑːsesəz/

plural of “process” — a particular course of action intended to achieve a result

From this reading The processes, psychical and logical, which lie at the basis and modify the forms of articulate speech, have yet to be defined and classified in a manner to secure the general acceptance of scholars.

promptedverbUS /ˈprɑːmptɪd/

past form of “prompt” — give an incentive for action

From this reading As the stream is more diaphanous near its source, as the problem of organic life is more readily studied in the lowest groups of animals and vegetables, by such analogies we are prompted to select the uncultured speech of the rudest of our race to discover the laws of growth in human expression.

psychicaladjectiveUS /ˈsaɪkɪkəl/

affecting or influenced by the human mind

From this reading The processes, psychical and logical, which lie at the basis and modify the forms of articulate speech, have yet to be defined and classified in a manner to secure the general acceptance of scholars.

racenounUS /reɪs/

any competition

From this reading As the stream is more diaphanous near its source, as the problem of organic life is more readily studied in the lowest groups of animals and vegetables, by such analogies we are prompted to select the uncultured speech of the rudest of our race to discover the laws of growth in human expression.

readilyadverbUS /ˈredəli/

without much difficulty

From this reading As the stream is more diaphanous near its source, as the problem of organic life is more readily studied in the lowest groups of animals and vegetables, by such analogies we are prompted to select the uncultured speech of the rudest of our race to discover the laws of growth in human expression.

recognizableadjectiveUS /ˌrekəɡˈnaɪzəbəl/

easily perceived; easy to become aware of

From this reading While these processes are operative and recognizable in all languages, it has ever seemed to me that they are more apparent and transparent in the unwritten tongues of savage tribes.

rudestadjectiveUS /ˈruːdəst/

superlative of “rude” — socially incorrect in behavior

From this reading As the stream is more diaphanous near its source, as the problem of organic life is more readily studied in the lowest groups of animals and vegetables, by such analogies we are prompted to select the uncultured speech of the rudest of our race to discover the laws of growth in human expression.

savageadjectiveUS /ˈsævədʒ/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading While these processes are operative and recognizable in all languages, it has ever seemed to me that they are more apparent and transparent in the unwritten tongues of savage tribes.

scholarsnounUS /ˈskɑːlərz/

plural of “scholar” — a learned person (especially in the humanities); someone who by long study has gained mastery in one or more disciplines

From this reading The processes, psychical and logical, which lie at the basis and modify the forms of articulate speech, have yet to be defined and classified in a manner to secure the general acceptance of scholars.

secureverbUS /sɪˈkjʊr/

get by special effort

From this reading The processes, psychical and logical, which lie at the basis and modify the forms of articulate speech, have yet to be defined and classified in a manner to secure the general acceptance of scholars.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading While these processes are operative and recognizable in all languages, it has ever seemed to me that they are more apparent and transparent in the unwritten tongues of savage tribes.

selectadjectiveUS /səˈlekt/

of superior grade

From this reading As the stream is more diaphanous near its source, as the problem of organic life is more readily studied in the lowest groups of animals and vegetables, by such analogies we are prompted to select the uncultured speech of the rudest of our race to discover the laws of growth in human expression.

sourcenounUS /sɔːrs/

the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading As the stream is more diaphanous near its source, as the problem of organic life is more readily studied in the lowest groups of animals and vegetables, by such analogies we are prompted to select the uncultured speech of the rudest of our race to discover the laws of growth in human expression.

speechnounUS /spiːtʃ/

the act of delivering a formal spoken communication to an audience

From this reading The processes, psychical and logical, which lie at the basis and modify the forms of articulate speech, have yet to be defined and classified in a manner to secure the general acceptance of scholars.

streamnounUS /striːm/

a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth

From this reading As the stream is more diaphanous near its source, as the problem of organic life is more readily studied in the lowest groups of animals and vegetables, by such analogies we are prompted to select the uncultured speech of the rudest of our race to discover the laws of growth in human expression.

studiedadjectiveUS /ˈstʌdid/

produced or marked by conscious design or premeditation

From this reading As the stream is more diaphanous near its source, as the problem of organic life is more readily studied in the lowest groups of animals and vegetables, by such analogies we are prompted to select the uncultured speech of the rudest of our race to discover the laws of growth in human expression.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading As the stream is more diaphanous near its source, as the problem of organic life is more readily studied in the lowest groups of animals and vegetables, by such analogies we are prompted to select the uncultured speech of the rudest of our race to discover the laws of growth in human expression.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading While these processes are operative and recognizable in all languages, it has ever seemed to me that they are more apparent and transparent in the unwritten tongues of savage tribes.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The processes, psychical and logical, which lie at the basis and modify the forms of articulate speech, have yet to be defined and classified in a manner to secure the general acceptance of scholars.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading While these processes are operative and recognizable in all languages, it has ever seemed to me that they are more apparent and transparent in the unwritten tongues of savage tribes.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading While these processes are operative and recognizable in all languages, it has ever seemed to me that they are more apparent and transparent in the unwritten tongues of savage tribes.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The processes, psychical and logical, which lie at the basis and modify the forms of articulate speech, have yet to be defined and classified in a manner to secure the general acceptance of scholars.

tonguesnounUS /tʌŋz/

plural of “tongue” — a mobile mass of muscular tissue covered with mucous membrane and located in the oral cavity

From this reading While these processes are operative and recognizable in all languages, it has ever seemed to me that they are more apparent and transparent in the unwritten tongues of savage tribes.

transparentadjectiveUS /trænˈsperənt/

transmitting light; able to be seen through with clarity

From this reading While these processes are operative and recognizable in all languages, it has ever seemed to me that they are more apparent and transparent in the unwritten tongues of savage tribes.

tribesnounUS /traɪbz/

plural of “tribe” — a social division of (usually preliterate) people

From this reading While these processes are operative and recognizable in all languages, it has ever seemed to me that they are more apparent and transparent in the unwritten tongues of savage tribes.

unculturedadjective

(of persons) lacking art or knowledge

From this reading As the stream is more diaphanous near its source, as the problem of organic life is more readily studied in the lowest groups of animals and vegetables, by such analogies we are prompted to select the uncultured speech of the rudest of our race to discover the laws of growth in human expression.

unwrittenadjectiveUS /ənˈrɪtən/

based on custom rather than documentation

From this reading While these processes are operative and recognizable in all languages, it has ever seemed to me that they are more apparent and transparent in the unwritten tongues of savage tribes.

vegetablesnounUS /ˈvedʒtəbəlz/

plural of “vegetable” — edible seeds or roots or stems or leaves or bulbs or tubers or nonsweet fruits of any of numerous herbaceous plant

From this reading As the stream is more diaphanous near its source, as the problem of organic life is more readily studied in the lowest groups of animals and vegetables, by such analogies we are prompted to select the uncultured speech of the rudest of our race to discover the laws of growth in human expression.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading As the stream is more diaphanous near its source, as the problem of organic life is more readily studied in the lowest groups of animals and vegetables, by such analogies we are prompted to select the uncultured speech of the rudest of our race to discover the laws of growth in human expression.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The processes, psychical and logical, which lie at the basis and modify the forms of articulate speech, have yet to be defined and classified in a manner to secure the general acceptance of scholars.

WhileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading While these processes are operative and recognizable in all languages, it has ever seemed to me that they are more apparent and transparent in the unwritten tongues of savage tribes.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading The processes, psychical and logical, which lie at the basis and modify the forms of articulate speech, have yet to be defined and classified in a manner to secure the general acceptance of scholars.

Chapter 8 of Essays of an Americanist by Daniel G. (Daniel Garrison) Brinton holds 3939 sentences, grouped into 788 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Essays of an Americanist contain?

Chapter 8 holds 3939 sentences of Essays of an Americanist, unabridged, divided into 788 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Essays of an Americanist by Daniel G. (Daniel Garrison) Brinton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 3939 sentences, grouped into 788 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Essays of an Americanist?

Work through the 788 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 788 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Essays of an Americanist

Common questions about reading Essays of an Americanist by Daniel G. (Daniel Garrison) Brinton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Essays of an Americanist?

Yes. All 6335 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #58464 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Essays of an Americanist is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #58464, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Essays of an Americanist take to read?

About 527 minutes of reading across 1267 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Essays of an Americanist section by section

How to work through Essays of an Americanist section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of Essays of an Americanist to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Essays of an Americanist

Words and structures a reader meets early in Essays of an Americanist, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Essays
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays of an Americanist; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Americanist
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays of an Americanist; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ethnologic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays of an Americanist; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ologic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays of an Americanist; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.