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Essays — Second Series
Essays — Second Series

Chapter V · Chapter 5

Chapter 5 of Essays — Second Series is here in full — 149 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/29 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Human life is made up of the two elements, power and form, and the proportion must be invariably kept if we would have it sweet and sound.
Each of these elements in excess makes a mischief as hurtful as its defect.
Everything runs to excess; every good quality is noxious if unmixed, and, to carry the danger to the edge of ruin, nature causes each man's peculiarity to superabound.
Here, among the farms, we adduce the scholars as examples of this treachery.
They are nature's victims of expression.
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Essays — Second Series

Chapter V · Chapter 5

Chapter 5 of Essays — Second Series is here in full — 149 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/29 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Human life is made up of the two elements, power and form, and the proportion must be invariably kept if we would have it sweet and sound.
/ˈhjuːmən laɪf ɪz meɪd ʌp ʌv ðə tuː ˈeləmənts ˈpaʊər ənd fɔːrm ənd ðə prəˈpɔːrʃən mʌst biː ˌɪnˈveriəbli kept ɪf wiː wʊd hæv ɪt swiːt ənd saʊnd/
Line 2
Each of these elements in excess makes a mischief as hurtful as its defect.
/iːtʃ ʌv ðiːz ˈeləmənts ɪn ˈekses meɪks ə ˈmɪstʃəf æz ˈhɜːrtfəl æz ɪts ˈdiːfekt/
Line 3
Everything runs to excess; every good quality is noxious if unmixed, and, to carry the danger to the edge of ruin, nature causes each man's peculiarity to superabound.
Line 4
Here, among the farms, we adduce the scholars as examples of this treachery.
Line 5
They are nature's victims of expression.
/ðeɪ ɑːr ˈneɪtʃərz ˈvɪktəmz ʌv ɪkˈspreʃən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

defect noun US /ˈdiːfekt/

an imperfection in a bodily system

From this reading “Each of these elements in excess makes a mischief as hurtful as its defect.”

examples noun US /ɪɡˈzæmpəlz/

plural of “example” — an item of information that is typical of a class or group

From this reading “Here, among the farms, we adduce the scholars as examples of this treachery.”

farms noun US /fɑːrmz/

plural of “farm” — workplace consisting of farm buildings and cultivated land as a unit

From this reading “Here, among the farms, we adduce the scholars as examples of this treachery.”

hurtful adjective US /ˈhɜːrtfəl/

causing hurt

From this reading “Each of these elements in excess makes a mischief as hurtful as its defect.”

nature's noun US /ˈneɪtʃərz/

possessive form of “nature” — the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading “They are nature's victims of expression.”

noxious adjective US /ˈnɑːkʃəs/

injurious to physical or mental health

From this reading “Everything runs to excess; every good quality is noxious if unmixed, and, to carry the danger to the edge of ruin, nature causes each man's peculiarity to superabound.”

peculiarity noun US /pɪˌkjuːliˈerəti/

an odd or unusual characteristic

From this reading “Everything runs to excess; every good quality is noxious if unmixed, and, to carry the danger to the edge of ruin, nature causes each man's peculiarity to superabound.”

unmixed adjective US /ənˈmɪkst/

not mixed with extraneous elements

From this reading “Everything runs to excess; every good quality is noxious if unmixed, and, to carry the danger to the edge of ruin, nature causes each man's peculiarity to superabound.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Each of these elements in excess makes a mischief as hurtful as its defect.

adduceverb

advance evidence for

From this reading Here, among the farms, we adduce the scholars as examples of this treachery.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Here, among the farms, we adduce the scholars as examples of this treachery.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Human life is made up of the two elements, power and form, and the proportion must be invariably kept if we would have it sweet and sound.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They are nature's victims of expression.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Each of these elements in excess makes a mischief as hurtful as its defect.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Human life is made up of the two elements, power and form, and the proportion must be invariably kept if we would have it sweet and sound.

carryverbUS /ˈkæri/

move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading Everything runs to excess; every good quality is noxious if unmixed, and, to carry the danger to the edge of ruin, nature causes each man's peculiarity to superabound.

causesnounUS /ˈkɑːzəz/

plural of “cause” — events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading Everything runs to excess; every good quality is noxious if unmixed, and, to carry the danger to the edge of ruin, nature causes each man's peculiarity to superabound.

dangernounUS /ˈdeɪndʒər/

the condition of being susceptible to harm or injury

From this reading Everything runs to excess; every good quality is noxious if unmixed, and, to carry the danger to the edge of ruin, nature causes each man's peculiarity to superabound.

defectnounUS /ˈdiːfekt/

an imperfection in a bodily system

From this reading Each of these elements in excess makes a mischief as hurtful as its defect.

EachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading Each of these elements in excess makes a mischief as hurtful as its defect.

edgenounUS /edʒ/

the boundary of a surface

From this reading Everything runs to excess; every good quality is noxious if unmixed, and, to carry the danger to the edge of ruin, nature causes each man's peculiarity to superabound.

elementsnounUS /ˈeləmənts/

violent or severe weather (viewed as caused by the action of the four elements)

From this reading Human life is made up of the two elements, power and form, and the proportion must be invariably kept if we would have it sweet and sound.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Everything runs to excess; every good quality is noxious if unmixed, and, to carry the danger to the edge of ruin, nature causes each man's peculiarity to superabound.

EverythingpronounUS /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading Everything runs to excess; every good quality is noxious if unmixed, and, to carry the danger to the edge of ruin, nature causes each man's peculiarity to superabound.

examplesnounUS /ɪɡˈzæmpəlz/

plural of “example” — an item of information that is typical of a class or group

From this reading Here, among the farms, we adduce the scholars as examples of this treachery.

excessnounUS /ˈekses/

a quantity much larger than is needed

From this reading Each of these elements in excess makes a mischief as hurtful as its defect.

expressionnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃən/

the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading They are nature's victims of expression.

farmsnounUS /fɑːrmz/

plural of “farm” — workplace consisting of farm buildings and cultivated land as a unit

From this reading Here, among the farms, we adduce the scholars as examples of this treachery.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading Human life is made up of the two elements, power and form, and the proportion must be invariably kept if we would have it sweet and sound.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Everything runs to excess; every good quality is noxious if unmixed, and, to carry the danger to the edge of ruin, nature causes each man's peculiarity to superabound.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Human life is made up of the two elements, power and form, and the proportion must be invariably kept if we would have it sweet and sound.

HereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Here, among the farms, we adduce the scholars as examples of this treachery.

HumanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading Human life is made up of the two elements, power and form, and the proportion must be invariably kept if we would have it sweet and sound.

hurtfuladjectiveUS /ˈhɜːrtfəl/

causing hurt

From this reading Each of these elements in excess makes a mischief as hurtful as its defect.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Human life is made up of the two elements, power and form, and the proportion must be invariably kept if we would have it sweet and sound.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Each of these elements in excess makes a mischief as hurtful as its defect.

invariablyadverbUS /ˌɪnˈveriəbli/

without variation or change, in every case

From this reading Human life is made up of the two elements, power and form, and the proportion must be invariably kept if we would have it sweet and sound.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Human life is made up of the two elements, power and form, and the proportion must be invariably kept if we would have it sweet and sound.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Human life is made up of the two elements, power and form, and the proportion must be invariably kept if we would have it sweet and sound.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Each of these elements in excess makes a mischief as hurtful as its defect.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading Human life is made up of the two elements, power and form, and the proportion must be invariably kept if we would have it sweet and sound.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Human life is made up of the two elements, power and form, and the proportion must be invariably kept if we would have it sweet and sound.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Human life is made up of the two elements, power and form, and the proportion must be invariably kept if we would have it sweet and sound.

makesnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading Each of these elements in excess makes a mischief as hurtful as its defect.

man'snounUS /mænz/

possessive form of “man” — an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Everything runs to excess; every good quality is noxious if unmixed, and, to carry the danger to the edge of ruin, nature causes each man's peculiarity to superabound.

mischiefnounUS /ˈmɪstʃəf/

reckless or malicious behavior that causes discomfort or annoyance in others

From this reading Each of these elements in excess makes a mischief as hurtful as its defect.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Human life is made up of the two elements, power and form, and the proportion must be invariably kept if we would have it sweet and sound.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading Everything runs to excess; every good quality is noxious if unmixed, and, to carry the danger to the edge of ruin, nature causes each man's peculiarity to superabound.

nature'snounUS /ˈneɪtʃərz/

possessive form of “nature” — the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading They are nature's victims of expression.

noxiousadjectiveUS /ˈnɑːkʃəs/

injurious to physical or mental health

From this reading Everything runs to excess; every good quality is noxious if unmixed, and, to carry the danger to the edge of ruin, nature causes each man's peculiarity to superabound.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Human life is made up of the two elements, power and form, and the proportion must be invariably kept if we would have it sweet and sound.

peculiaritynounUS /pɪˌkjuːliˈerəti/

an odd or unusual characteristic

From this reading Everything runs to excess; every good quality is noxious if unmixed, and, to carry the danger to the edge of ruin, nature causes each man's peculiarity to superabound.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading Human life is made up of the two elements, power and form, and the proportion must be invariably kept if we would have it sweet and sound.

proportionnounUS /prəˈpɔːrʃən/

the quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude of the whole

From this reading Human life is made up of the two elements, power and form, and the proportion must be invariably kept if we would have it sweet and sound.

qualitynounUS /ˈkwɑːləti/

an essential and distinguishing attribute of something or someone

From this reading Everything runs to excess; every good quality is noxious if unmixed, and, to carry the danger to the edge of ruin, nature causes each man's peculiarity to superabound.

ruinnounUS /ˈruːən/

an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction

From this reading Everything runs to excess; every good quality is noxious if unmixed, and, to carry the danger to the edge of ruin, nature causes each man's peculiarity to superabound.

runsnounUS /rʌnz/

plural of “run” — a score in baseball made by a runner touching all four bases safely

From this reading Everything runs to excess; every good quality is noxious if unmixed, and, to carry the danger to the edge of ruin, nature causes each man's peculiarity to superabound.

scholarsnounUS /ˈskɑːlərz/

plural of “scholar” — a learned person (especially in the humanities); someone who by long study has gained mastery in one or more disciplines

From this reading Here, among the farms, we adduce the scholars as examples of this treachery.

soundnounUS /saʊnd/

the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading Human life is made up of the two elements, power and form, and the proportion must be invariably kept if we would have it sweet and sound.

superabound

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Everything runs to excess; every good quality is noxious if unmixed, and, to carry the danger to the edge of ruin, nature causes each man's peculiarity to superabound.

sweetadjectiveUS /swiːt/

having or denoting the characteristic taste of sugar

From this reading Human life is made up of the two elements, power and form, and the proportion must be invariably kept if we would have it sweet and sound.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Human life is made up of the two elements, power and form, and the proportion must be invariably kept if we would have it sweet and sound.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Each of these elements in excess makes a mischief as hurtful as its defect.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They are nature's victims of expression.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Here, among the farms, we adduce the scholars as examples of this treachery.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Everything runs to excess; every good quality is noxious if unmixed, and, to carry the danger to the edge of ruin, nature causes each man's peculiarity to superabound.

treacherynounUS /ˈtretʃ.ər.i/

Betrayal of trust; deceptive action or disloyalty against a host or ally.

From this reading Here, among the farms, we adduce the scholars as examples of this treachery.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Human life is made up of the two elements, power and form, and the proportion must be invariably kept if we would have it sweet and sound.

unmixedadjectiveUS /ənˈmɪkst/

not mixed with extraneous elements

From this reading Everything runs to excess; every good quality is noxious if unmixed, and, to carry the danger to the edge of ruin, nature causes each man's peculiarity to superabound.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Human life is made up of the two elements, power and form, and the proportion must be invariably kept if we would have it sweet and sound.

victimsnounUS /ˈvɪktəmz/

plural of “victim” — an unfortunate person who suffers from some adverse circumstance

From this reading They are nature's victims of expression.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Human life is made up of the two elements, power and form, and the proportion must be invariably kept if we would have it sweet and sound.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Human life is made up of the two elements, power and form, and the proportion must be invariably kept if we would have it sweet and sound.

Chapter 5 of Essays — Second Series by Ralph Waldo Emerson holds 149 sentences, grouped into 30 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of Essays — Second Series contain?

Chapter 5 holds 149 sentences of Essays — Second Series, unabridged, divided into 30 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of Essays — Second Series by Ralph Waldo Emerson exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 149 sentences, grouped into 30 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of Essays — Second Series?

Work through the 30 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 30 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 5 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Essays — Second Series

Common questions about reading Essays — Second Series by Ralph Waldo Emerson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Essays — Second Series?

Yes. All 2456 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2945 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Essays — Second Series is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2945, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Essays — Second Series take to read?

About 204 minutes of reading across 492 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Essays — Second Series section by section

How to work through Essays — Second Series section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 17 chapters of Essays — Second Series to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Essays — Second Series

Words and structures a reader meets early in Essays — Second Series, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Moody
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays — Second Series; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Child
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays — Second Series; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wildly
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays — Second Series; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pursued
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays — Second Series; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.