Learn English through classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Essays — Second Series
Essays — Second Series

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of Essays — Second Series is here in full — 147 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Essays — Second Series
Context Illustration Reading 1/29 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
There exists a strict relation between the class of power and the exclusive and polished circles.
The last are always filled or filling from the first.
The strong men usually give some allowance even to the petulances of fashion, for that affinity they find in it.
Napoleon, child of the revolution, destroyer of the old noblesse, never ceased to court the Faubourg St. Germain; doubtless with the feeling that fashion is a homage to men of his stamp.
Fashion, though in a strange way, represents all manly virtue.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Essays — Second Series

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of Essays — Second Series is here in full — 147 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/29 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
There exists a strict relation between the class of power and the exclusive and polished circles.
/ðer ɪɡˈzɪsts ə strɪkt riˈleɪʃən bɪˈtwiːn ðə klæs ʌv ˈpaʊər ənd ðə ɪkˈskluːsɪv ənd ˈpɑːlɪʃt ˈsɜːrkəlz/
Line 2
The last are always filled or filling from the first.
/ðə læst ɑːr ˈɔːlweɪz fɪld ɔːr ˈfɪlɪŋ frʌm ðə fɜːrst/
Line 3
The strong men usually give some allowance even to the petulances of fashion, for that affinity they find in it.
Line 4
Napoleon, child of the revolution, destroyer of the old noblesse, never ceased to court the Faubourg St. Germain; doubtless with the feeling that fashion is a homage to men of his stamp.
Line 5
Fashion, though in a strange way, represents all manly virtue.
/ˈfæʃən ðoʊ ɪn ə streɪndʒ weɪ ˌreprɪˈzents ɔːl ˈmænli ˈvɝː.tʃuː/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

affinity noun US /əˈfɪnəti/

(immunology) the attraction between an antigen and an antibody

From this reading “The strong men usually give some allowance even to the petulances of fashion, for that affinity they find in it.”

allowance noun US /əˈlaʊəns/

an amount allowed or granted (as during a given period)

From this reading “The strong men usually give some allowance even to the petulances of fashion, for that affinity they find in it.”

destroyer noun US /dɪˈstrɔɪər/

a small fast lightly armored but heavily armed warship

From this reading “Napoleon, child of the revolution, destroyer of the old noblesse, never ceased to court the Faubourg St. Germain; doubtless with the feeling that fashion is a homage to men of his stamp.”

exclusive adjective US /ɪkˈskluːsɪv/

not divided or shared with others

From this reading “There exists a strict relation between the class of power and the exclusive and polished circles.”

exists verb US /ɪɡˈzɪsts/

third-person singular of “exist” — have an existence, be extant

From this reading “There exists a strict relation between the class of power and the exclusive and polished circles.”

noblesse noun US /noʊˈbles/

the state of being of noble birth

From this reading “Napoleon, child of the revolution, destroyer of the old noblesse, never ceased to court the Faubourg St. Germain; doubtless with the feeling that fashion is a homage to men of his stamp.”

represents verb US /ˌreprɪˈzents/

third-person singular of “represent” — take the place of or be parallel or equivalent to

From this reading “Fashion, though in a strange way, represents all manly virtue.”

stamp verb US /stæmp/

walk heavily

From this reading “Napoleon, child of the revolution, destroyer of the old noblesse, never ceased to court the Faubourg St. Germain; doubtless with the feeling that fashion is a homage to men of his stamp.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading There exists a strict relation between the class of power and the exclusive and polished circles.

affinitynounUS /əˈfɪnəti/

(immunology) the attraction between an antigen and an antibody

From this reading The strong men usually give some allowance even to the petulances of fashion, for that affinity they find in it.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Fashion, though in a strange way, represents all manly virtue.

allowancenounUS /əˈlaʊəns/

an amount allowed or granted (as during a given period)

From this reading The strong men usually give some allowance even to the petulances of fashion, for that affinity they find in it.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading The last are always filled or filling from the first.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading There exists a strict relation between the class of power and the exclusive and polished circles.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The last are always filled or filling from the first.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading There exists a strict relation between the class of power and the exclusive and polished circles.

ceasedverbUS /siːst/

past form of “cease” — put an end to a state or an activity

From this reading Napoleon, child of the revolution, destroyer of the old noblesse, never ceased to court the Faubourg St. Germain; doubtless with the feeling that fashion is a homage to men of his stamp.

childnounUS /tʃaɪld/

a young person of either sex

From this reading Napoleon, child of the revolution, destroyer of the old noblesse, never ceased to court the Faubourg St. Germain; doubtless with the feeling that fashion is a homage to men of his stamp.

circlesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəlz/

plural of “circle” — ellipse in which the two axes are of equal length; a plane curve generated by one point moving at a constant distance from a fixed point

From this reading There exists a strict relation between the class of power and the exclusive and polished circles.

classnounUS /klæs/

a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading There exists a strict relation between the class of power and the exclusive and polished circles.

courtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading Napoleon, child of the revolution, destroyer of the old noblesse, never ceased to court the Faubourg St. Germain; doubtless with the feeling that fashion is a homage to men of his stamp.

destroyernounUS /dɪˈstrɔɪər/

a small fast lightly armored but heavily armed warship

From this reading Napoleon, child of the revolution, destroyer of the old noblesse, never ceased to court the Faubourg St. Germain; doubtless with the feeling that fashion is a homage to men of his stamp.

doubtlessadverbUS /ˈdaʊtləs/

without doubt; certainly

From this reading Napoleon, child of the revolution, destroyer of the old noblesse, never ceased to court the Faubourg St. Germain; doubtless with the feeling that fashion is a homage to men of his stamp.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading The strong men usually give some allowance even to the petulances of fashion, for that affinity they find in it.

exclusiveadjectiveUS /ɪkˈskluːsɪv/

not divided or shared with others

From this reading There exists a strict relation between the class of power and the exclusive and polished circles.

existsverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪsts/

third-person singular of “exist” — have an existence, be extant

From this reading There exists a strict relation between the class of power and the exclusive and polished circles.

fashionnounUS /ˈfæʃən/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The strong men usually give some allowance even to the petulances of fashion, for that affinity they find in it.

Faubourgnoun

a New Orleans district lying outside the original city limits; used in combination with the names of various quarters of the city

From this reading Napoleon, child of the revolution, destroyer of the old noblesse, never ceased to court the Faubourg St. Germain; doubtless with the feeling that fashion is a homage to men of his stamp.

feelingnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋ/

the experiencing of affective and emotional states

From this reading Napoleon, child of the revolution, destroyer of the old noblesse, never ceased to court the Faubourg St. Germain; doubtless with the feeling that fashion is a homage to men of his stamp.

filledadjectiveUS /fɪld/

(usually followed by “with” or used as a combining form) generously supplied with

From this reading The last are always filled or filling from the first.

fillingnounUS /ˈfɪlɪŋ/

any material that fills a space or container

From this reading The last are always filled or filling from the first.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading The strong men usually give some allowance even to the petulances of fashion, for that affinity they find in it.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The last are always filled or filling from the first.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The strong men usually give some allowance even to the petulances of fashion, for that affinity they find in it.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The last are always filled or filling from the first.

Germain

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Napoleon, child of the revolution, destroyer of the old noblesse, never ceased to court the Faubourg St. Germain; doubtless with the feeling that fashion is a homage to men of his stamp.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading The strong men usually give some allowance even to the petulances of fashion, for that affinity they find in it.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Napoleon, child of the revolution, destroyer of the old noblesse, never ceased to court the Faubourg St. Germain; doubtless with the feeling that fashion is a homage to men of his stamp.

homagenounUS /ˈɑːmədʒ/

respectful deference

From this reading Napoleon, child of the revolution, destroyer of the old noblesse, never ceased to court the Faubourg St. Germain; doubtless with the feeling that fashion is a homage to men of his stamp.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The strong men usually give some allowance even to the petulances of fashion, for that affinity they find in it.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Napoleon, child of the revolution, destroyer of the old noblesse, never ceased to court the Faubourg St. Germain; doubtless with the feeling that fashion is a homage to men of his stamp.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The strong men usually give some allowance even to the petulances of fashion, for that affinity they find in it.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading The last are always filled or filling from the first.

manlyadjectiveUS /ˈmænli/

possessing qualities befitting a man

From this reading Fashion, though in a strange way, represents all manly virtue.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The strong men usually give some allowance even to the petulances of fashion, for that affinity they find in it.

NapoleonnounUS /nəˈpoʊliən/

French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

From this reading Napoleon, child of the revolution, destroyer of the old noblesse, never ceased to court the Faubourg St. Germain; doubtless with the feeling that fashion is a homage to men of his stamp.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Napoleon, child of the revolution, destroyer of the old noblesse, never ceased to court the Faubourg St. Germain; doubtless with the feeling that fashion is a homage to men of his stamp.

noblessenounUS /noʊˈbles/

the state of being of noble birth

From this reading Napoleon, child of the revolution, destroyer of the old noblesse, never ceased to court the Faubourg St. Germain; doubtless with the feeling that fashion is a homage to men of his stamp.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading There exists a strict relation between the class of power and the exclusive and polished circles.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Napoleon, child of the revolution, destroyer of the old noblesse, never ceased to court the Faubourg St. Germain; doubtless with the feeling that fashion is a homage to men of his stamp.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The last are always filled or filling from the first.

petulances

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The strong men usually give some allowance even to the petulances of fashion, for that affinity they find in it.

polishedadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːlɪʃt/

perfected or made shiny and smooth

From this reading There exists a strict relation between the class of power and the exclusive and polished circles.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading There exists a strict relation between the class of power and the exclusive and polished circles.

relationnounUS /riˈleɪʃən/

an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of two entities or parts together

From this reading There exists a strict relation between the class of power and the exclusive and polished circles.

representsverbUS /ˌreprɪˈzents/

third-person singular of “represent” — take the place of or be parallel or equivalent to

From this reading Fashion, though in a strange way, represents all manly virtue.

revolutionnounUS /ˌrevəˈluːʃən/

a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving

From this reading Napoleon, child of the revolution, destroyer of the old noblesse, never ceased to court the Faubourg St. Germain; doubtless with the feeling that fashion is a homage to men of his stamp.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The strong men usually give some allowance even to the petulances of fashion, for that affinity they find in it.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Napoleon, child of the revolution, destroyer of the old noblesse, never ceased to court the Faubourg St. Germain; doubtless with the feeling that fashion is a homage to men of his stamp.

stampverbUS /stæmp/

walk heavily

From this reading Napoleon, child of the revolution, destroyer of the old noblesse, never ceased to court the Faubourg St. Germain; doubtless with the feeling that fashion is a homage to men of his stamp.

strangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading Fashion, though in a strange way, represents all manly virtue.

strictadjectiveUS /strɪkt/

rigidly accurate; allowing no deviation from a standard

From this reading There exists a strict relation between the class of power and the exclusive and polished circles.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading The strong men usually give some allowance even to the petulances of fashion, for that affinity they find in it.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The strong men usually give some allowance even to the petulances of fashion, for that affinity they find in it.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading There exists a strict relation between the class of power and the exclusive and polished circles.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There exists a strict relation between the class of power and the exclusive and polished circles.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The strong men usually give some allowance even to the petulances of fashion, for that affinity they find in it.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Fashion, though in a strange way, represents all manly virtue.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The strong men usually give some allowance even to the petulances of fashion, for that affinity they find in it.

usuallyadverbUS /ˈjuːʒəwəli/

under normal conditions

From this reading The strong men usually give some allowance even to the petulances of fashion, for that affinity they find in it.

virtuenounUS /ˈvɝː.tʃuː/

Moral excellence and goodness of character; the highest human attainment in Stoic philosophy.

From this reading Fashion, though in a strange way, represents all manly virtue.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Fashion, though in a strange way, represents all manly virtue.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Napoleon, child of the revolution, destroyer of the old noblesse, never ceased to court the Faubourg St. Germain; doubtless with the feeling that fashion is a homage to men of his stamp.

Chapter 9 of Essays — Second Series by Ralph Waldo Emerson holds 147 sentences, grouped into 30 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of Essays — Second Series contain?

Chapter 9 holds 147 sentences of Essays — Second Series, unabridged, divided into 30 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of Essays — Second Series by Ralph Waldo Emerson exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 147 sentences, grouped into 30 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of Essays — Second Series?

Work through the 30 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 30 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Essays — Second Series

Common questions about reading Essays — Second Series by Ralph Waldo Emerson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Essays — Second Series?

Yes. All 2456 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2945 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Essays — Second Series is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2945, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Essays — Second Series take to read?

About 204 minutes of reading across 492 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Essays — Second Series section by section

How to work through Essays — Second Series section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 17 chapters of Essays — Second Series to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Essays — Second Series

Words and structures a reader meets early in Essays — Second Series, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Moody
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays — Second Series; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Child
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays — Second Series; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wildly
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays — Second Series; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pursued
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays — Second Series; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.