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Essays — Second Series
Essays — Second Series

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of Essays — Second Series is here in full — 147 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/29 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
We may easily seem ridiculous in our eulogy of courtesy, whenever we insist on benevolence as its foundation.
The painted phantasm Fashion rises to cast a species of derision on what we say.
But I will neither be driven from some allowance to Fashion as a symbolic institution, nor from the belief that love is the basis of courtesy.
We must obtain that, if we can; but by all means we must affirm this.
Life owes much of its spirit to these sharp contrasts.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Essays — Second Series

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of Essays — Second Series is here in full — 147 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/29 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
We may easily seem ridiculous in our eulogy of courtesy, whenever we insist on benevolence as its foundation.
/wiː meɪ ˈiːzəli siːm rɪˈdɪkjələs ɪn ˈaʊər ˈjuːlədʒi ʌv ˈkɜːrtəsi weˈnevər wiː ˌɪnˈsɪst ɑːn bəˈnev.əl.əns æz ɪts faʊnˈdeɪʃən/
Line 2
The painted phantasm Fashion rises to cast a species of derision on what we say.
/ðə ˈpeɪntɪd ˌfænˈtæzəm ˈfæʃən ˈraɪzəz tuː kæst ə ˈspiːʃiz ʌv dərˈɪʒən ɑːn wʌt wiː seɪ/
Line 3
But I will neither be driven from some allowance to Fashion as a symbolic institution, nor from the belief that love is the basis of courtesy.
/bʌt aɪ wɪl ˈniːðər biː ˈdrɪvən frʌm sʌm əˈlaʊəns tuː ˈfæʃən æz ə sɪmˈbɑːlɪk ˌɪnstɪˈtuːʃən nɔːr frʌm ðə bɪˈliːf ðæt lʌv ɪz ðə ˈbeɪsəs ʌv ˈkɜːrtəsi/
Line 4
We must obtain that, if we can; but by all means we must affirm this.
/wiː mʌst əbˈteɪn ðæt ɪf wiː kæn bʌt baɪ ɔːl miːnz wiː mʌst əˈfɜːrm ðɪs/
Line 5
Life owes much of its spirit to these sharp contrasts.
/laɪf oʊz mʌtʃ ʌv ɪts ˈspɪrət tuː ðiːz ʃɑːrp ˈkɑːntræsts/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

affirm verb US /əˈfɜːrm/

establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts

From this reading “We must obtain that, if we can; but by all means we must affirm this.”

benevolence noun US /bəˈnev.əl.əns/

The quality of being well meaning; kindness and generosity. (Lòng nhân ái, sự nhân từ độ lượng.)

From this reading “We may easily seem ridiculous in our eulogy of courtesy, whenever we insist on benevolence as its foundation.”

contrasts noun US /ˈkɑːntræsts/

plural of “contrast” — the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared

From this reading “Life owes much of its spirit to these sharp contrasts.”

derision noun US /dərˈɪʒən/

contemptuous laughter

From this reading “The painted phantasm Fashion rises to cast a species of derision on what we say.”

eulogy noun US /ˈjuːlədʒi/

a formal expression of praise for someone who has died recently

From this reading “We may easily seem ridiculous in our eulogy of courtesy, whenever we insist on benevolence as its foundation.”

owes verb US /oʊz/

third-person singular of “owe” — be obliged to pay or repay

From this reading “Life owes much of its spirit to these sharp contrasts.”

phantasm noun US /ˌfænˈtæzəm/

a ghostly appearing figure

From this reading “The painted phantasm Fashion rises to cast a species of derision on what we say.”

symbolic adjective US /sɪmˈbɑːlɪk/

relating to or using or proceeding by means of symbols

From this reading “But I will neither be driven from some allowance to Fashion as a symbolic institution, nor from the belief that love is the basis of courtesy.”

All words in this reading · 62

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The painted phantasm Fashion rises to cast a species of derision on what we say.

affirmverbUS /əˈfɜːrm/

establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts

From this reading We must obtain that, if we can; but by all means we must affirm this.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading We must obtain that, if we can; but by all means we must affirm this.

allowancenounUS /əˈlaʊəns/

an amount allowed or granted (as during a given period)

From this reading But I will neither be driven from some allowance to Fashion as a symbolic institution, nor from the belief that love is the basis of courtesy.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading We may easily seem ridiculous in our eulogy of courtesy, whenever we insist on benevolence as its foundation.

basisnounUS /ˈbeɪsəs/

a relation that provides the foundation for something

From this reading But I will neither be driven from some allowance to Fashion as a symbolic institution, nor from the belief that love is the basis of courtesy.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading But I will neither be driven from some allowance to Fashion as a symbolic institution, nor from the belief that love is the basis of courtesy.

beliefnounUS /bɪˈliːf/

any cognitive content held as true

From this reading But I will neither be driven from some allowance to Fashion as a symbolic institution, nor from the belief that love is the basis of courtesy.

benevolencenounUS /bəˈnev.əl.əns/

The quality of being well meaning; kindness and generosity. (Lòng nhân ái, sự nhân từ độ lượng.)

From this reading We may easily seem ridiculous in our eulogy of courtesy, whenever we insist on benevolence as its foundation.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But I will neither be driven from some allowance to Fashion as a symbolic institution, nor from the belief that love is the basis of courtesy.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading We must obtain that, if we can; but by all means we must affirm this.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading We must obtain that, if we can; but by all means we must affirm this.

castverbUS /kæst/

put or send forth

From this reading The painted phantasm Fashion rises to cast a species of derision on what we say.

contrastsnounUS /ˈkɑːntræsts/

plural of “contrast” — the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared

From this reading Life owes much of its spirit to these sharp contrasts.

courtesynounUS /ˈkɜːrtəsi/

a courteous or respectful or considerate act

From this reading We may easily seem ridiculous in our eulogy of courtesy, whenever we insist on benevolence as its foundation.

derisionnounUS /dərˈɪʒən/

contemptuous laughter

From this reading The painted phantasm Fashion rises to cast a species of derision on what we say.

drivenadjectiveUS /ˈdrɪvən/

compelled forcibly by an outside agency

From this reading But I will neither be driven from some allowance to Fashion as a symbolic institution, nor from the belief that love is the basis of courtesy.

easilyadverbUS /ˈiːzəli/

with ease (“easy” is sometimes used informally for “easily”)

From this reading We may easily seem ridiculous in our eulogy of courtesy, whenever we insist on benevolence as its foundation.

eulogynounUS /ˈjuːlədʒi/

a formal expression of praise for someone who has died recently

From this reading We may easily seem ridiculous in our eulogy of courtesy, whenever we insist on benevolence as its foundation.

FashionnounUS /ˈfæʃən/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The painted phantasm Fashion rises to cast a species of derision on what we say.

foundationnounUS /faʊnˈdeɪʃən/

the basis on which something is grounded

From this reading We may easily seem ridiculous in our eulogy of courtesy, whenever we insist on benevolence as its foundation.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading But I will neither be driven from some allowance to Fashion as a symbolic institution, nor from the belief that love is the basis of courtesy.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading But I will neither be driven from some allowance to Fashion as a symbolic institution, nor from the belief that love is the basis of courtesy.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading We must obtain that, if we can; but by all means we must affirm this.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading We may easily seem ridiculous in our eulogy of courtesy, whenever we insist on benevolence as its foundation.

insistverbUS /ˌɪnˈsɪst/

be emphatic or resolute and refuse to budge

From this reading We may easily seem ridiculous in our eulogy of courtesy, whenever we insist on benevolence as its foundation.

institutionnounUS /ˌɪnstɪˈtuːʃən/

an organization founded and united for a specific purpose

From this reading But I will neither be driven from some allowance to Fashion as a symbolic institution, nor from the belief that love is the basis of courtesy.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But I will neither be driven from some allowance to Fashion as a symbolic institution, nor from the belief that love is the basis of courtesy.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading We may easily seem ridiculous in our eulogy of courtesy, whenever we insist on benevolence as its foundation.

LifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Life owes much of its spirit to these sharp contrasts.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading But I will neither be driven from some allowance to Fashion as a symbolic institution, nor from the belief that love is the basis of courtesy.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading We may easily seem ridiculous in our eulogy of courtesy, whenever we insist on benevolence as its foundation.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading We must obtain that, if we can; but by all means we must affirm this.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Life owes much of its spirit to these sharp contrasts.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading We must obtain that, if we can; but by all means we must affirm this.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading But I will neither be driven from some allowance to Fashion as a symbolic institution, nor from the belief that love is the basis of courtesy.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading But I will neither be driven from some allowance to Fashion as a symbolic institution, nor from the belief that love is the basis of courtesy.

obtainverbUS /əbˈteɪn/

come into possession of

From this reading We must obtain that, if we can; but by all means we must affirm this.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading We may easily seem ridiculous in our eulogy of courtesy, whenever we insist on benevolence as its foundation.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading We may easily seem ridiculous in our eulogy of courtesy, whenever we insist on benevolence as its foundation.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading We may easily seem ridiculous in our eulogy of courtesy, whenever we insist on benevolence as its foundation.

owesverbUS /oʊz/

third-person singular of “owe” — be obliged to pay or repay

From this reading Life owes much of its spirit to these sharp contrasts.

paintedadjectiveUS /ˈpeɪntɪd/

coated with paint

From this reading The painted phantasm Fashion rises to cast a species of derision on what we say.

phantasmnounUS /ˌfænˈtæzəm/

a ghostly appearing figure

From this reading The painted phantasm Fashion rises to cast a species of derision on what we say.

ridiculousadjectiveUS /rɪˈdɪkjələs/

inspiring scornful pity

From this reading We may easily seem ridiculous in our eulogy of courtesy, whenever we insist on benevolence as its foundation.

risesnounUS /ˈraɪzəz/

plural of “rise” — a growth in strength or number or importance

From this reading The painted phantasm Fashion rises to cast a species of derision on what we say.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading The painted phantasm Fashion rises to cast a species of derision on what we say.

seemverbUS /siːm/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading We may easily seem ridiculous in our eulogy of courtesy, whenever we insist on benevolence as its foundation.

sharpadjectiveUS /ʃɑːrp/

(of something seen or heard) clearly defined

From this reading Life owes much of its spirit to these sharp contrasts.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading But I will neither be driven from some allowance to Fashion as a symbolic institution, nor from the belief that love is the basis of courtesy.

speciesnounUS /ˈspiːʃiz/

(biology) taxonomic group whose members can interbreed

From this reading The painted phantasm Fashion rises to cast a species of derision on what we say.

spiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading Life owes much of its spirit to these sharp contrasts.

symbolicadjectiveUS /sɪmˈbɑːlɪk/

relating to or using or proceeding by means of symbols

From this reading But I will neither be driven from some allowance to Fashion as a symbolic institution, nor from the belief that love is the basis of courtesy.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading But I will neither be driven from some allowance to Fashion as a symbolic institution, nor from the belief that love is the basis of courtesy.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The painted phantasm Fashion rises to cast a species of derision on what we say.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Life owes much of its spirit to these sharp contrasts.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading We must obtain that, if we can; but by all means we must affirm this.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The painted phantasm Fashion rises to cast a species of derision on what we say.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We may easily seem ridiculous in our eulogy of courtesy, whenever we insist on benevolence as its foundation.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading The painted phantasm Fashion rises to cast a species of derision on what we say.

wheneverconjunctionUS /weˈnevər/

at any time that; every time that

From this reading We may easily seem ridiculous in our eulogy of courtesy, whenever we insist on benevolence as its foundation.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading But I will neither be driven from some allowance to Fashion as a symbolic institution, nor from the belief that love is the basis of courtesy.

Chapter 10 of Essays — Second Series by Ralph Waldo Emerson holds 147 sentences, grouped into 30 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of Essays — Second Series contain?

Chapter 10 holds 147 sentences of Essays — Second Series, unabridged, divided into 30 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of Essays — Second Series by Ralph Waldo Emerson exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 147 sentences, grouped into 30 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of Essays — Second Series?

Work through the 30 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 30 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Essays — Second Series

Common questions about reading Essays — Second Series by Ralph Waldo Emerson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Essays — Second Series?

Yes. All 2456 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2945 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Essays — Second Series is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2945, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Essays — Second Series take to read?

About 204 minutes of reading across 492 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Essays — Second Series section by section

How to work through Essays — Second Series section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 17 chapters of Essays — Second Series to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Essays — Second Series

Words and structures a reader meets early in Essays — Second Series, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Moody
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays — Second Series; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Child
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays — Second Series; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wildly
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays — Second Series; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pursued
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays — Second Series; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.