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Essays — Second Series
Essays — Second Series

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of Essays — Second Series is here in full — 148 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Essays — Second Series
Context Illustration Reading 1/29 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The reason of these discords I conceive to be that there is no commensurability between a man and any gift.
You cannot give anything to a magnanimous person.
After you have served him he at once puts you in debt by his magnanimity.
The service a man renders his friend is trivial and selfish compared with the service he knows his friend stood in readiness to yield him, alike before he had begun to serve his friend, and now also.
Compared with that good-will I bear my friend, the benefit it is in my power to render him seems small.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Essays — Second Series

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of Essays — Second Series is here in full — 148 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/29 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The reason of these discords I conceive to be that there is no commensurability between a man and any gift.
Line 2
You cannot give anything to a magnanimous person.
Line 3
After you have served him he at once puts you in debt by his magnanimity.
Line 4
The service a man renders his friend is trivial and selfish compared with the service he knows his friend stood in readiness to yield him, alike before he had begun to serve his friend, and now also.
/ðə ˈsɜːrvəs ə mæn ˈrendərz hɪz frend ɪz ˈtrɪviəl ənd ˈselfɪʃ kəmˈperd wɪð ðə ˈsɜːrvəs hiː noʊz hɪz frend stʊd ɪn ˈredinəs tuː jiːld hɪm əˈlaɪk bɪˈfɔːr hiː hæd bɪˈɡʌn tuː sɜːrv hɪz frend ənd naʊ ˈɔːlsoʊ/
Line 5
Compared with that good-will I bear my friend, the benefit it is in my power to render him seems small.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

conceive verb US /kənˈsiːv/

have the idea for

From this reading “The reason of these discords I conceive to be that there is no commensurability between a man and any gift.”

debt noun US /det/

the state of owing something (especially money)

From this reading “After you have served him he at once puts you in debt by his magnanimity.”

magnanimous adjective US /mæɡˈnænəməs/

noble and generous in spirit

From this reading “You cannot give anything to a magnanimous person.”

puts noun US /pʊts/

plural of “put” — the option to sell a given stock (or stock index or commodity future) at a given price before a given date

From this reading “After you have served him he at once puts you in debt by his magnanimity.”

readiness noun US /ˈredinəs/

the state of having been made ready or prepared for use or action (especially military action)

From this reading “The service a man renders his friend is trivial and selfish compared with the service he knows his friend stood in readiness to yield him, alike before he had begun to serve his friend, and now also.”

renders noun US /ˈrendərz/

plural of “render” — a substance similar to stucco but exclusively applied to masonry walls

From this reading “The service a man renders his friend is trivial and selfish compared with the service he knows his friend stood in readiness to yield him, alike before he had begun to serve his friend, and now also.”

selfish adjective US /ˈselfɪʃ/

concerned chiefly or only with yourself and your advantage to the exclusion of others

From this reading “The service a man renders his friend is trivial and selfish compared with the service he knows his friend stood in readiness to yield him, alike before he had begun to serve his friend, and now also.”

trivial adjective US /ˈtrɪviəl/

(informal) small and of little importance

From this reading “The service a man renders his friend is trivial and selfish compared with the service he knows his friend stood in readiness to yield him, alike before he had begun to serve his friend, and now also.”

All words in this reading · 66

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The reason of these discords I conceive to be that there is no commensurability between a man and any gift.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After you have served him he at once puts you in debt by his magnanimity.

alikeadverbUS /əˈlaɪk/

equally

From this reading The service a man renders his friend is trivial and selfish compared with the service he knows his friend stood in readiness to yield him, alike before he had begun to serve his friend, and now also.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading The service a man renders his friend is trivial and selfish compared with the service he knows his friend stood in readiness to yield him, alike before he had begun to serve his friend, and now also.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The reason of these discords I conceive to be that there is no commensurability between a man and any gift.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading The reason of these discords I conceive to be that there is no commensurability between a man and any gift.

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading You cannot give anything to a magnanimous person.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading After you have served him he at once puts you in debt by his magnanimity.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The reason of these discords I conceive to be that there is no commensurability between a man and any gift.

bearverbUS /ber/

have

From this reading Compared with that good-will I bear my friend, the benefit it is in my power to render him seems small.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The service a man renders his friend is trivial and selfish compared with the service he knows his friend stood in readiness to yield him, alike before he had begun to serve his friend, and now also.

begunverbUS /bɪˈɡʌn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading The service a man renders his friend is trivial and selfish compared with the service he knows his friend stood in readiness to yield him, alike before he had begun to serve his friend, and now also.

benefitnounUS /ˈbenəfɪt/

financial assistance in time of need

From this reading Compared with that good-will I bear my friend, the benefit it is in my power to render him seems small.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading The reason of these discords I conceive to be that there is no commensurability between a man and any gift.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading After you have served him he at once puts you in debt by his magnanimity.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You cannot give anything to a magnanimous person.

commensurability

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The reason of these discords I conceive to be that there is no commensurability between a man and any gift.

comparedverbUS /kəmˈperd/

past form of “compare” — examine and note the similarities or differences of

From this reading The service a man renders his friend is trivial and selfish compared with the service he knows his friend stood in readiness to yield him, alike before he had begun to serve his friend, and now also.

conceiveverbUS /kənˈsiːv/

have the idea for

From this reading The reason of these discords I conceive to be that there is no commensurability between a man and any gift.

debtnounUS /det/

the state of owing something (especially money)

From this reading After you have served him he at once puts you in debt by his magnanimity.

discords

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The reason of these discords I conceive to be that there is no commensurability between a man and any gift.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading The service a man renders his friend is trivial and selfish compared with the service he knows his friend stood in readiness to yield him, alike before he had begun to serve his friend, and now also.

giftnounUS /ɡɪft/

something acquired without compensation

From this reading The reason of these discords I conceive to be that there is no commensurability between a man and any gift.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading You cannot give anything to a magnanimous person.

good-will

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Compared with that good-will I bear my friend, the benefit it is in my power to render him seems small.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The service a man renders his friend is trivial and selfish compared with the service he knows his friend stood in readiness to yield him, alike before he had begun to serve his friend, and now also.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading After you have served him he at once puts you in debt by his magnanimity.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading After you have served him he at once puts you in debt by his magnanimity.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading After you have served him he at once puts you in debt by his magnanimity.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading After you have served him he at once puts you in debt by his magnanimity.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading The reason of these discords I conceive to be that there is no commensurability between a man and any gift.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading After you have served him he at once puts you in debt by his magnanimity.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The reason of these discords I conceive to be that there is no commensurability between a man and any gift.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Compared with that good-will I bear my friend, the benefit it is in my power to render him seems small.

knowsnounUS /noʊz/

plural of “know” — the fact of being aware of information that is known to few people

From this reading The service a man renders his friend is trivial and selfish compared with the service he knows his friend stood in readiness to yield him, alike before he had begun to serve his friend, and now also.

magnanimitynoun

liberality in bestowing gifts; extremely liberal and generous of spirit

From this reading After you have served him he at once puts you in debt by his magnanimity.

magnanimousadjectiveUS /mæɡˈnænəməs/

noble and generous in spirit

From this reading You cannot give anything to a magnanimous person.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The reason of these discords I conceive to be that there is no commensurability between a man and any gift.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Compared with that good-will I bear my friend, the benefit it is in my power to render him seems small.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The reason of these discords I conceive to be that there is no commensurability between a man and any gift.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The service a man renders his friend is trivial and selfish compared with the service he knows his friend stood in readiness to yield him, alike before he had begun to serve his friend, and now also.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The reason of these discords I conceive to be that there is no commensurability between a man and any gift.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading After you have served him he at once puts you in debt by his magnanimity.

personnounUS /ˈpɜːrsən/

a human being

From this reading You cannot give anything to a magnanimous person.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading Compared with that good-will I bear my friend, the benefit it is in my power to render him seems small.

putsnounUS /pʊts/

plural of “put” — the option to sell a given stock (or stock index or commodity future) at a given price before a given date

From this reading After you have served him he at once puts you in debt by his magnanimity.

readinessnounUS /ˈredinəs/

the state of having been made ready or prepared for use or action (especially military action)

From this reading The service a man renders his friend is trivial and selfish compared with the service he knows his friend stood in readiness to yield him, alike before he had begun to serve his friend, and now also.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading The reason of these discords I conceive to be that there is no commensurability between a man and any gift.

renderverbUS /ˈrendər/

cause to become

From this reading Compared with that good-will I bear my friend, the benefit it is in my power to render him seems small.

rendersnounUS /ˈrendərz/

plural of “render” — a substance similar to stucco but exclusively applied to masonry walls

From this reading The service a man renders his friend is trivial and selfish compared with the service he knows his friend stood in readiness to yield him, alike before he had begun to serve his friend, and now also.

seemsverbUS /siːmz/

third-person singular of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Compared with that good-will I bear my friend, the benefit it is in my power to render him seems small.

selfishadjectiveUS /ˈselfɪʃ/

concerned chiefly or only with yourself and your advantage to the exclusion of others

From this reading The service a man renders his friend is trivial and selfish compared with the service he knows his friend stood in readiness to yield him, alike before he had begun to serve his friend, and now also.

serveverbUS /sɜːrv/

serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading The service a man renders his friend is trivial and selfish compared with the service he knows his friend stood in readiness to yield him, alike before he had begun to serve his friend, and now also.

servedverbUS /sɜːrvd/

past form of “serve” — serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading After you have served him he at once puts you in debt by his magnanimity.

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading The service a man renders his friend is trivial and selfish compared with the service he knows his friend stood in readiness to yield him, alike before he had begun to serve his friend, and now also.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Compared with that good-will I bear my friend, the benefit it is in my power to render him seems small.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading The service a man renders his friend is trivial and selfish compared with the service he knows his friend stood in readiness to yield him, alike before he had begun to serve his friend, and now also.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The reason of these discords I conceive to be that there is no commensurability between a man and any gift.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The reason of these discords I conceive to be that there is no commensurability between a man and any gift.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The reason of these discords I conceive to be that there is no commensurability between a man and any gift.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading The reason of these discords I conceive to be that there is no commensurability between a man and any gift.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The reason of these discords I conceive to be that there is no commensurability between a man and any gift.

trivialadjectiveUS /ˈtrɪviəl/

(informal) small and of little importance

From this reading The service a man renders his friend is trivial and selfish compared with the service he knows his friend stood in readiness to yield him, alike before he had begun to serve his friend, and now also.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The service a man renders his friend is trivial and selfish compared with the service he knows his friend stood in readiness to yield him, alike before he had begun to serve his friend, and now also.

yieldverbUS /jiːld/

be the cause or source of

From this reading The service a man renders his friend is trivial and selfish compared with the service he knows his friend stood in readiness to yield him, alike before he had begun to serve his friend, and now also.

YoupronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading You cannot give anything to a magnanimous person.

Chapter 11 of Essays — Second Series by Ralph Waldo Emerson holds 148 sentences, grouped into 30 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of Essays — Second Series contain?

Chapter 11 holds 148 sentences of Essays — Second Series, unabridged, divided into 30 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of Essays — Second Series by Ralph Waldo Emerson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 148 sentences, grouped into 30 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of Essays — Second Series?

Work through the 30 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 30 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Essays — Second Series

Common questions about reading Essays — Second Series by Ralph Waldo Emerson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Essays — Second Series?

Yes. All 2456 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2945 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Essays — Second Series is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2945, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Essays — Second Series take to read?

About 204 minutes of reading across 492 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Essays — Second Series section by section

How to work through Essays — Second Series section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 17 chapters of Essays — Second Series to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Essays — Second Series

Words and structures a reader meets early in Essays — Second Series, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Moody
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays — Second Series; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Child
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays — Second Series; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wildly
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays — Second Series; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pursued
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays — Second Series; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.